Adult Attachment Style Scale Research Articles

Attachment Style, Interpersonal Dependency and Quality of Life Among Emerging Adult

An emerging adult typically is in a transitional phase from adolescence to full adulthood. Interpersonal dependency refers to a psychological state in which an individual relies heavily on others for emotional support, validation, and decision-making. Quality of life means an individual’s overall well-being and satisfaction with various aspects of their life. This study examines the connection between attachment style, interpersonal dependency and quality of life. 200 emerging adults of age 18-24 made up the sample, which include both males and females were collected from various colleges of Ernakulam and Kottayam district. Adult attachment style scale, Interpersonal dependency Inventory and WHO Quality of life brief scale were the instruments employed. The data was examined using the Spearman's correlation test, using SPSS version 28. In this present study there is a partial relationship between the subscales of attachment style, interpersonal dependency and quality of life. Some of the subscales of these variables are correlated and other subscales are non-correlated. There exists a positive correlation between some of the subscales of attachment style, interpersonal dependency and quality of life and the other subscales of attachment style, interpersonal dependency and quality of life was negatively correlated among emerging adults.

Comparison of State-Trait Anxiety and Fear of Childbirth According to Attachment Styles of Pregnant Women.

Fear of childbirth (FoC) and its extreme form, tokophobia, is a clinical condition that can lead to many negative consequences, and its importance is increasingly understood. This article aims to assess the severity of FoC and anxiety levels according to different attachment styles and to investigate the relationships between these factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a state hospital in the largest city in Turkey. Three hundred pregnant women attending the Antenatal Outpatient Clinic were included. A sociodemographic questionnaire, Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-version-A (W-DEQ), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Adult Attachment Style Scale were administered. 8.1% of participants had tokophobia (W-DEQ sum score ≥85). FoC was significantly higher in pregnant women who had a history of pregnancy loss and past psychiatric history. For multiparous women, adverse birth outcomes were also associated with higher FoC. State and trait anxiety were positively correlated with FoC levels. Regarding the attachment patterns, pregnant women with avoidant attachment styles presented with higher levels of FoC than those with secure attachment styles. In logistic regression analysis, higher anxiety levels, adverse birth outcomes, and insecure attachment styles were found to predict severe and clinical FoC. FoC has a considerable effect on pregnant women, albeit at different clinical levels. Adverse birth outcomes, high anxiety levels, and insecure attachment styles were associated with higher FoC. Therefore, antenatal patients with adverse birth outcomes and higher anxiety levels, which are risk factors for FoC, should be carefully evaluated in terms of tokophobia and referred to mental health professionals when necessary.

Hubungan Antara Gaya Kelekatan Dewasa Dengan Toxic Relationship Pada Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling yang Berpacaran

This study is a correlational quantitative research. The study aims to find out the relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship in dating Guidance and Counseling students and to find out how high the level of adult attachment style and toxic relationship level in dating Guidance and Counseling students. The subjects totaled 102 students. Data collection used the adult attachment style scale with 62 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.971 and the toxic relationship scale with 37 valid items with a reliability test score of 0.999. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship with a high level of significance with a value of r -0.712 and p < .001. The level of adult attachment style of dating students is classified as high with a percentage of 43%. The level of toxic relationships in students who are dating is classified as low with a percentage of 52%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the higher the level of adult attachment style, the level of toxic relationships tends to decrease, and vice versa

Comparison of Attachment Styles of Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder and Individuals with Obesity.

The aim of this study is to identify the attachment style displayed by obese individuals and to compare it with the attachment style of individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) and a healthy control group. A total of 201 participants were included in the study, consisting of 66 individuals diagnosed with obesity, 62 diagnosed with OUD and 73 healthy controls. Sociodemographic Data Form and Adult Attachment Style Scale were administered to all participants, the Addiction Profile Index (API) was administered to participants diagnosed with OUD and the Yale Food Addiction Scale was administered to those diagnosed with obesity. The results of the study revealed that the attachment styles of individuals diagnosed with obesity showed a similar distribution to those diagnosed with OUD, and the distribution of attachment styles in both groups was found to be different from that of the healthy control group. The mean scores for ambivalent/anxious attachment style and secure attachment style were found to be similar for the obesity group and the OUD group, while the OUD group had significantly higher avoidant attachment score. The avoidant attachment style score of OUD group increase as the severity of dependency increases. Additionally, 42.4% of the group was found to be food addicted, and in this group, the mean scores for ambivalent/ anxious attachment style were found to be significantly higher. In the study, significant similarities were obtained in terms of attachment styles among participants diagnosed with obesity and OUD. The differentiation of these similarities from the control group has increased the strength of the study.

Turkish Version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure: A Reliability and Validity Analysis.

There is a need for a tool to assess the attachment in psychosis in the Turkish-speaking population. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure of patients with schizophrenia. The sample of this study consists of 80 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who have applied to a psychiatry outpatient clinic. Researches completed Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Calgary Depression Scale for schizophrenia. Patients were then asked to fill out the Psychosis Attachment Scale and Adult Attachment Style Scale by themselves. The structure and content of the factor structure are suitable for the Turkish version (P < .001). In assessing the test-retest internal consistency for the Turkish version of Psychosis Attachment Measure, Cronbach's alpha values range from 0.738 to 0.922. The retest correlations for the subscales prove good retest reliability (P < .001). The findings show the Turkish version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure to be a reliable and valid measure for evaluating the attachment styles of patients with schizophrenia.

The association of attachment style, postpartum PTSD and depression with bonding- A longitudinal path analysis model, from childbirth to six months

BackgroundThere is substantial evidence that postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with a poor mother-infant bond, however, fewer studies have examined the role of other postpartum psychopathologies such as birth-related PTSD or relevant trait variables such as adult attachment styles in the quality of the mother-infant bond. Methods210 postpartum women were sampled in a maternity ward of a tertiary health care center. Participants completed questionnaires at three-time points. Demographics questionnaire and the Adult Attachment style scale were administrated at 1-4 days postpartum, the City Birth Trauma Scale and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale two months postpartum and the Postpartum Bonding questionnaire at six months postpartum. ResultsThe associations between adult attachment styles and postpartum bonding were fully mediated by postpartum psychopathology. Avoidant attachment had indirect effects on bonding through general PTSD symptoms (Beta=0.05, p=.019) and PPD (Beta=0.06, p=.010). Anxious attachment also had indirect effects on bonding through general PTSD symptoms (Beta=0.04, p=.044) and PPD (Beta=0.10, p=.001). In contrast, birth-related PTSD symptoms were not associated with bonding. The model presented a good fit. LimitationsWomen sampled from one health-care center and self-report measures used. ConclusionsOur results suggest that although birth-related PTSD symptoms may cause difficulties, importantly they may not be associated with bonding difficulties six months postpartum. Therefore, women could be reassured that their birth-related PTSD symptoms, may not impact on bonding. Consequently, if interventions are specifically aimed at improving the mother-infant bond, the general-related PTSD, PPD symptoms and insecure attachment styles should be the focus of treatment.

Do early parental postnatal depression, attachment style and perceived social support affect neurodevelopmental outcomes of premature infants?

BackgroundThe birth of a premature infant is both a stressful event for both parents and associated with an increased rate of postnatal depression (PND). Additionally some mothers may have delayed feelings of attachment to their babies because of the medical procedures or possible medical complications. Social support is known as an important factor for well-being in the postnatal period. However there is scarce data about these factors for fathers. We aimed to identify the impact of parental PND, attachment style and social support on premature infant development considering the prematurity degree and risk groups. MethodsThis prospective study was conducted by including 96 infants who were born preterm. Mothers and fathers were given Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Adult Attachment Style Scale (AASS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to fill out when their infants’ corrected age was 3 months. The developmental evaluation was conducted with Bayley III at the corrected 6 months and 18 months of age. ResultsPostnatal depression scores were more in mothers than fathers, the rates of secure attachment and social support were similar between mothers and fathers. Factors associated with the neurodevelopmental outcomes including prematurity degree and risk groups, EPDS, AASS and MSPSS scores were analyzed for both parents. In multivariate analysis, fathers’ depression scores were inversely associated with cognitive development (p = 0.030, R2 = 0.080, B=-0.283) and mothers’ anxious/ambivalent attachment style was inversely associated with language development (p = 0.011, R2 = 0.108, B=-0.329) at the age of corrected 6 months old. ConclusionsOur findings underscore that the efforts to improve developmental outcomes of premature infants should include parental well-being taking into account new fathers’ depressive symptomatology and maternal anxious/ambivalent attachment.

Association of the attachment styles with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with psoriasis

Objectives: This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the attachment styles and their impact on depression, anxiety, and quality of life in people with psoriasis. Methods: All participants completed socio-demographic and illness specific questionnaires along with Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Adult Attachment Style Scale (AASS). 100 individuals with psoriasis and 130 individuals with no dermatological problems participated in the study. Results: HADS scores for depression (38% versus 15.4%, P

The relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma: a transgenerational perspective - a controlled study of patients with psychiatric disorders.

This study had two aims. The first aim was to compare attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences of women with psychiatric disorders and their children to a control group. The second aim was to determine the relationship between attachment styles and traumatic childhood experiences both in mothers and their children. According to attachment theories, trauma in an early relationship initiates a developmental cascade in which insecure attachments may occur. A cross-sectional, descriptive study which, employed a case-control design, was performed between May 2013-March 2014. This study was conducted in 63 women with psychiatric disorders and their children. The control group consisted of 63 women without any psychiatric disorders and their children. Data were collected using questionnaire forms, including the Adult Attachment Style Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for both mothers and children. Descriptive statistics, a Pearson correlation and comparative statistics were used to analyse data. The childhood trauma scores of both the women with psychiatric disorders and their children were higher than the control group scores. Compared to the control group, the mothers with psychiatric disorders and their children were found to have less secure attachment styles. It was determined that the mothers and children with insecure attachment were more likely to have been abused. These results point to a relationship between trauma in childhood and attachment style. They also suggest that this relationship may undergo intergenerational transfer. This study contributes to the existing literature on the relationship between childhood traumas and attachment. Psychiatric nurses should focus not only on psychiatric disorders but also on the difficulties a patient faces regarding being a parent.

A comparison of anxiety, depression and attachment in tender age and adult pregnancy in Southeastern Anatolia Region.

Object: The aim of this study is to compare anxiety, depression and attachment in tender age and adult pregnants in a township of Southeastern Anatolia Region. Method: The study was conducted in a hospital in southeast of Turkey. 56 patients of obstetrics and gynecology clinic who did not have a psychiatric diagnosis and who were there for a routine assessment were involved in the study. Only the patients who could communicate Turkish at a sufficient level contributed to the study. Help was received from a hospital employee who was fluent in Kurdish and Arabic when necessary. Tender age and adult pregnant were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Adult Attachment Style Scale (AAS) and sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Between two groups statistically no significant difference was found in mother care, mother overprotection and father care subscales of parental bonding instrument (PBI); however father overprotection subscales were found to be significantly higher in tender age pregnant women compared to adult pregnant women. Statistically no significant difference was found between two groups with regards to Hamilton Depression scale and Hamilton Anxiety scale total scores. Avoidant attachment style was found to be associated with depression in tender age pregnant women although such association was not found for the group of adult pregnant women. Conclusion: A secure attachment style during pregnancy will be passed on to the child by mother and the child as an individual under the influence of this bonding pattern will have its greater effects in its life and this primary attachment status will be transmitted to offspring. That is why it is important to break insecure attachments in risk groups and therefore developing new healthy attachment patterns should be aimed. The problems in the southeast of Turkey such as the language barrier and low literacy rate as well as the difficulty in applying the questionnaire make it difficult to conduct studies. Future research especially with women in this area is needed.

成人愛着スタイル尺度（ＥＣＲ）の日本語版作成の試み

This study attempted to adapt into Japanese the Adult Attachment Style Scale (ECR: Experiences in Close Relationships inventory) that was constructed by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver (1998), based on 14 existing scales. Of 387 respondents, 231 who reported having been or are currently involved in romantic relationships were employed for final analysis. We examined validities of the Japanese version of ECR in the two ways: (1) Examining the correlations between "Anxiety" and Self-esteem scale by Rosenberg (1965) which were theoretically related to Self-view, and the correlations between "Avoidance" and Other-view scale by Kato (1999b) which were theoretically related to Other-view; (2) whether or not ECR represents the features of four attachment styles as classified by Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). The results supported our expectations. This Japanese version of ECR was demonstrated to have adequate psychometric properties in validity and reliability.

The Drug-User Husband and His Wife: Attachment Styles, Family Cohesion, and Adaptability

This study which assesses the association between the attachment styles of drug-user husbands (n = 56) and their wives (n = 56) and their perceptions of family dynamics was conducted in 1998. The population study included heroin (52.9%) and multidrug detoxified outpatients. All subjects completed the Adult Attachment Style Scale and the FACES III. Results indicated that the perceptions of family adaptability and cohesion among the drug-user husbands and their wives did not differ from the Israeli norm. Most of the drug users (60.7%) were characterized by the avoidant attachment style, followed by the secure style (26.8%), and the anxious/ambivalent style (12.5%). Half the wives (53.6%) were characterized by the secure style, followed by the avoidant style (42.9%) and the anxious/ambivalent style (3.6%). A secure style in husband and wife was associated with higher levels of family cohesion and adaptability, and the anxious/ambivalent style with a lower perception of family cohesion and adaptability. These findings have important implications for rehabilitation prospects and for planning intervention programs.

The association between parental reports of attachment style and family dynamics, and offspring's reports of adult attachment style.

This research assessed the association between parents' reports of attachment styles and their perceptions of family environment, on the one hand, and offspring's reports of adult attachment styles, on the other. The sample included 98 Israeli young adults who completed the adult attachment style scale, and their mothers and fathers who completed this scale, as well as FACES III, and the conflict and expressiveness subscales of the Family Environment Scale. Findings revealed associations between parents' and offspring's reports of attachment styles, which were qualified by gender matching. They also indicated independent and differential contributions of the examined dimensions of perceived family environment to offspring's attachment styles. The discussion attempts to integrate attachment theory with a family system perspective.

The association between spouses' self-reports of attachment styles and representations of family dynamics.

The current research assesses the association between spouses' self-reports of attachment style and their perceptions of family dynamics. The sample included 93 Israeli married couples with young children. Both husbands and wives completed the adult attachment style scale and the perceived and ideal versions of FACES III. Findings showed that spouses whose self-reports endorsed the secure style perceived relatively high levels of family cohesion and adaptability; persons who endorsed the anxious-ambivalent style reported high levels of family cohesion but low levels of adaptability; and persons who endorsed the avoidant style reported relatively low levels of both family dimensions. In addition, significant associations were found between reports of attachment styles, on the one hand, and ideal representations of family dynamics, the marital partner's representations of family dynamics, and spouses' discrepancies in these representations, on the other. Findings are discussed in terms of attachment theory.