Adsorbent For Removal Of Rhodamine Research Articles

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Mineral Materials as Low-Cost Adsorbents

In this work, the potential adsorption abilities of mineral materials such as zeolite (Ze), halloysite (Ha), chalcedonite (Ch), and Devonian sand (DS) used as low-cost resources for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solutions were investigated in batch conditions. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium and the effect of solution reaction (pH) were studied. Adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using two kinetic models: pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Adsorption kinetics was better represented by the pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium data were analyzed by the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips isotherms. The results show that equilibrium data fit well with the Freundlich equilibrium. Monolayer maximum adsorption capacities of RhB were assumed at 6.964, 4.252, 2.701, and 0.349 mg/g for Ze, Ha, Ch, and DS, respectively. Adsorption was strongly pH-dependent. The maximum RhB adsorption on all tested materials was observed at pH = 2.2 and decreased with further pH increase. The results of these investigations suggest that natural materials represented by certain minerals have a good potential for the removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions.Graphical

Pineapple Leaves (Ananas Comosus) Ca-Alginate Immobilized as Adsorbent For Removal of Rhodamine B Dye

Pineapple Leaves (Ananas Comosus) Ca-Alginate Immobilized as Adsorbent For Removal of Rhodamine B Dye

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B Dye Using Carbon Graphite/CNT Composites as Adsorbents: Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamic Study.

The study of the adsorption efficiency of new carbon/CNT composites was undertaken to remove a cationic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), from dye-contaminated wastewater. Indeed, we investigated the effect of different experimental parameters such as time, initial concentration of dye and temperature on the adsorption of RhB by the carbon composites (KS44-0 and KS44-20). The results showed that the adsorption uptake increased with the initial concentration and solution temperature while maintaining a relatively constant pH. The presence of the carbon nanotubes provided more active sites for dye removal and improved the adsorption behavior of Rhodamine B dye. The analysis of the experimental data was conducted using model equations, such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. As regards the Freundlich isotherm model, it was the best fit for the equilibrium data obtained from the experiments. The applicability of the pseudo-second-order equation could be explained assuming that the overall adsorption rate is limited by the rate of adsorbate transport that occurs on the pore surfaces of adsorbents. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion and Bangham models were used to investigate the diffusion mechanism of RhB absorption onto carbon composites. They showed that multiple adsorption stages occurred simultaneously via pore surface diffusion. Concerning the thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S°), they were calculated and explained in the mean of the chemical structure of the adsorbate. Negative standard Gibbs free energy change values (ΔG°ads) at all temperatures suggested that the adsorption process was spontaneous, and the positive values of the standard enthalpy change of adsorption (∆H°ads) revealed the reaction to be endothermic. The values of standard enthalpy (ΔH°ads) and activation energy (Ea) indicated that the adsorption process corresponds to physical sorption. The mechanisms for the removal of Rhodamine B dye from wastewater using carbon composite were predicted. RhB is a planar molecule that is readily adsorbed, in which adsorbed molecules are bound by hydrophobic or other weak interactions due to the π-π interactions between the dyes' aromatic backbones and the hexagonal skeleton of graphite and carbon nanotubes. Thus, the graphite carbon/carbon nanotube composite is believed to play a major role in organic pollutant reduction.

Bimetallic Fe/Al-MOF for the adsorptive removal of multiple dyes: optimization and modeling of batch and hybrid adsorbent-river sand column study and its application in textile industry wastewater.

Bimetallic metal organic framework (MOF) has garnered interest over the years with its applications in industrial wastewater treatment. In this work, Fe-Al-1,4-benzene-dicarboxylic acid (FeAl(BDC)) MOF was synthesized, and adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B dye in batch and unique hybrid FeAl (BDC)-river sand fixed-bed column was studied. The experimental data from the batch studies corroborated well with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) (R2: 0.97) and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models (R2: 0.98) and achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 48.59mg/g in 90min. Furthermore, a fixed-bed column study was conducted to assess the effect of varying flow rate (2, 5, 8mL/min), bed height (5, 9, 13cm), and feed concentration (10, 20, 30mg/L) on the adsorption performance of FeAl(BDC) in continuous mode of operation. A uniform mixture of river sand and FeAl(BDC) by weight ratio (9:1) was packed into the column. The sand-FeAl(BDC) fixed-bed column could achieve the maximum adsorption capacity (qexp) of 113.05mg/g at a 5mL/min flow rate, feed concentration of 20mg/L, and a bed height of 13cm. The experimental data of the column study were successfully fitted well with BDST, Thomas (qcal: 114.94mg/g), Yoon-Nelson, and dose-response models (qcal: 113.41mg/g) and R2: 0.97-0.99. The fitting parameter values from the BDST model raise the scope of viable upscaling of the fixed-bed column. In all, it is proposed that these river sand-FeAl(BDC)-based filters can be widely used in areas facing critical contamination and in poor communities with a high demand for water.

Efficient Rhodamine B Dye Removal from Water by Acid- and Organo-Modified Halloysites

The halloysite has been subjected to modification through ultrasound (HU), sulfuric acid (HU-SA), and oligocyclopentadiene resin (HU-OCPD). The modified materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and tested as low-cost adsorbents for removal of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of different operational parameters such as adsorbent dose, solution pH, and contact time. It was observed that the adsorption was strongly pH-dependent and that solution pH at 2.0 had the greatest removal efficiency for the dye. The experimental data were modeled using several isotherm and kinetic models such as Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin as well as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion. It was found that the equilibrium adsorption data can be fitted well using the Freundlich isotherm model and the adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption capacity of HU, HU-SA, and HU-OCPD was found to be 8.37, 13.1, and 17.8 mg/g, respectively. The results revealed that surface modification of halloysite via acid activation and polymer loading results in a significant increase in the removal of RhB from aqueous solution. This study has shown potential on organo-halloysite for organic dye adsorption from water.

Various Adsorbents for Removal of Rhodamine B Dye: A Review

Lately, there has been an increase in dye manufacturing, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Recent studies show a wide availability of usage adsorbents, including banana peels, potatoes, algae, etc. Food and Drug Administration prohibited the use of Rhodamine B (RhB) for its toxicity and harmful effects. Therefore, this study presents a wide range of non-conventional low-cost alternative adsorbents to remove RhB dye from wastewater. It has been observed that the mechanism of the dye adsorption is focused on kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics models, which depend on the chemical nature of the materials and various physicochemical experimental conditions such as solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature of the system. The kinetic data of adsorption of RhB dye usually follow the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Several studies revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models are frequently used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Furthermore, thermodynamic examination showed that RhB adsorption was endothermic and unconstrained in nature. Thus, both photocatalytic degradation and adsorption methods offer good potential to remove RhB dye from industrial effluents. The work is in progress to evaluate the possibility of using other modified waste biomass for industrial pollution control.

Evaluation of poly(ethylene diamine-trimesoyl chloride)-modified diatomite as efficient adsorbent for removal of rhodamine B from wastewater samples.

Diatomite (D) as a low-cost and eco-friendly clay was modified by ethylene diamine (EDA)-trimesoyl chloride (TMC) polymer to achieve a novel adsorbent for efficient removal of rhodamine B dye (RB) from wastewater samples. The EDA-TMC polymer was grafted to the surface of diatomite by in situ interfacial polymerization. The prepared p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDX techniques. The effective experimental parameters on the adsorption performance were optimized with factorial design analysis. The equilibrium data were better correlated by non-linear Langmuir model compared to non-linear Freundlich model. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of the p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was determined as 371.8 mg g-1. The key adsorption parameters were optimized by experimental design analysis. The kinetic findings showed the adsorption mechanism of RB onto p(EDA-TMC)/D adsorbent was well designated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic results indicate that the RB adsorption had an exothermic character in thermal nature and was less favorable with increasing temperature from 20 to 60 °C. Furthermore, the adsorption/desorption yield of p(EDA-TMC)/D was still 80%/70% after 5th cycle and reduced to 60%/52% at the end of 8th cycle. Thus, the present study revealed that the developed p(EDA-TMC)/D composite had great adsorption potential for removal of RB from wastewater samples compared to that of different kinds of adsorbents reported in the literature.

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles Doping on Cellulose as Adsorbent for Removal of Rhodamine B in Aqueous Solution

Cellulose from banana fruit bunch was used as a precursor for doping titanium oxide (TiO2) in producing of TiO2/cellulose adsorbent. Cellulose was obtained by chemical impregnation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and followed by the hydrothermal process at 250oC for 5 h. The mixture of TiO2 nanoparticles and cellulose was carried out into hydrothermal reactor under de-ionized water and ethanol and heated up to 200oC for 4 h in graphite furnace. Surface morphology analysis showed that the TiO2 clearly immobilized on the surface of cellulose with an increasing roughness of surface and irregular size of porosity. The development of the amorphous to the crystalline phase of TiO2/cellulose was clearly observed by the XRD. The effectiveness of TiO2/cellulose for removal of rhodamine B was investigated from different parameters of adsorption in aqueous solution. Kinetic models were well described by the pseudo-first and second-order with the best correlation coefficient (R2) attributing to the occurrence of chemisorption and physisorption mechanism.

Meso-architectured siliceous hollow quasi-capsule

Reactive dyes have been identified to be highly hazardous pollutants because they were shown to be more toxic towards mammals than general organic compounds and organic dyes. Accordingly, for the first time, meso-architectured mercapto-modified siliceous hollow quasi-capsules (SH-SHQC) were prepared by a facile, ultrasonic-assisted, and one-step synthesis protocol. Adsorptive removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) onto SH-SHQC in a batch system has been investigated. Isotherm results agreed very well with the Langmuir equation for both dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of SH-SHQC for RhB and MB was determined with the Langmuir equation and was found to be 147.06 and 119.05 mg g−1 at 298 K, respectively (pH: 6.0 for RhB and 7.0 for MB; adsorbent dosage: 15.0 mg; the volume of the dye solution: 40.0 mL). Among different kinetic models, the pseudo-first-order equation was better fitted since experimental data agreed very well with theoretical data. SH-SHQC was shown to be a promising adsorbent for adsorptive removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions. To date, there has been no report on the adsorption of reactive dye cations by meso-architectured mercapto-modified siliceous hollow quasi-capsules prepared by an ultrasonic-assisted, one-pot, and sol-gel synthesis method.

Honeycomb-like hydrogel adsorbents derived from salecan polysaccharide for wastewater treatment

There is an emerging quest for water purification materials with high efficiency and low cost, while still being renewable and sustainable. In this study, a series of honeycomb-like composite hydrogels based on salecan polysaccharide and poly(acrylamide-co-sodium allylsulfonate) were developed by solution polymerization and were employed as adsorbents for removal of rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous solutions. Adsorption of RhB onto the salecan-based materials was investigated as a function of salecan amount, initial dye concentration, gel dose, contact time and solution pH. The equilibrium adsorption data of RhB were successfully fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum sorption of 71.6 mg/g. Furthermore, pseudo-second-order kinetic model matched the kinetic results satisfactorily, revealing that the dye sorption process was driven by chemisorption. More significantly, the designed gel adsorbents showed good reusability and acceptable regeneration ability. In conclusion, this work opens up a new horizon in the fabrication of salecan-based polysaccharide biosorbents for potential wastewater remediation application.

Ability of different adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution

Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye on powdered TiO2, zinc oxide (ZnO) and natural Bentonoit clay from aqueous solutions have been studied .The potential for the adsorption of Rhoamine dye at a fixed initial concentration of 5 ppm. The experiments were carried out in a batch system to optimize operation variables initial concentration, effect of time adsorption isotherms.
 The langmuir and frendlish isotherm equations were applied to the data and values of parameters of these results suggest that the adsorption of (RB) dye on ZnO observed more fit to Freundlich model it means the Rhodamine B adsorbed weakly to the surfaces of ZnO, physical adsorption is achieved between the adsorbed and adsorbent, but the adsorption on TiO2 and bentonite better fit to Langmuir model. Kinetics study was made using lagergreen equation the results show the sorption of Rhodamine B dye uptake on ZnO fitted to first order reaction. And the sorption of RB on TiO2, and Bentonite fitted with second order. The partition coefficient kd for the sorption of RB on TiO2, ZnO and bentonite also determined and shows the value of Kd increases with time until equilibrium and becomes constant. we can conclude that the proportion of RB dye on each adsorbent increase which means that the large number of adsorption sites available with the rate slowing with time as sites fill up. The enthalpy of adsorption of rhodamine B on TiO2, + 4.09 kJ/mol, on ZnO +15.25 kJ/mol and on bentonite +4.01 kJ/mol indicates that the process is endothermic. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, for the adsorption of rhodamine B dye on the surfaces of TiO2, ZnO and bentonite have been calculated. The result shows that the value of ΔG° decrease with an increase in temperature indicates that the adsorption process is more favorable at high temperature. Whereas the positive value of ΔS° as a result of rhodamine B adsorption due to an increased degree of freedom in the system and indicates high affinity of the adsorbent for Rhodamine molecules.

Competitive Adsorption removal of Congo red and Rhodamine B over alkaline membrane from in situ polymerization of Gemini cationic molecule

An alkaline membrane with full interpenetrating network (Full-IPN) with positive charge groups of uniform distribution was prepared as adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B (RB) and Congo red (CR) in single and binary dye systems. Compared with single dye system, in binary dye systems a synergistic effect is due to the interaction between RB (cationic dyes) and CR (anionic dyes), which will impede the adsorption of CR or RB. Moreover, under the same experimental conditions, the magnitude of CR removal is better than that of RB in binary dye systems and that in the single system. The aforementioned phenomenon has resulted from one CR molecule bound to one RB molecule; the RB–CR binding occurred spontaneously, and the main binding forces between CR and RB were hydrogen bond and van der Waals interactions. Pseudo-second-order rate equation and Freundlich adsorption isotherm are with the better fit in single and binary dye systems for fitting the kinetic data. The results of ΔG, ΔH and ΔS revealed that the adsorption process for single and binary systems is endothermic and spontaneous. The electrostatic interaction between the dye and the quaternized ammonium groups present in membrane was identified as a major mechanism of the adsorption process.

Tuning electronic properties of boron nitride nanoplate via doping carbon for enhanced adsorptive performance

In this paper, the carbon-doped boron nitride nanoplate (C-BNNP) was prepared by pyrolyzing the precursor under N2 and served as an excellent adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B (RhB). The structure and composition of C-BNNP were characterized and its adsorption behavior for RhB was investigated. Compared with boron nitride nanoplate (BNNP) which was synthesized under NH3, C-BNNP displayed an enhancement of the adsorption capacity for RhB (833mg/g). The adsorption activity was comprehensibly studied by kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium adsorption data agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm. And the thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption process. In addition, the density functional theory was proposed that doping carbon in the BNNP decreased the chemical hardness of the adsorbent and enhanced the adsorption capacity of C-BNNP for RhB.

Application of Taguchi L16 design method for comparative study of ability of 3A zeolite in removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of 3A zeolite as a novel adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes from water samples. To increase the removal efficiency, effecting parameters on adsorption process were investigated and optimized by adopting Taguchi design of experiments approach. The percentage contribution of each parameter on the removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes determined using ANOVA and showed that the most effective parameters in removal of RhB and MG by 3A zeolite are initial concentration of dye and pH, respectively. Under optimized condition, the amount predicted by Taguchi design method and the value obtained experimentally, showed good closeness (more than 94.86%). Good adsorption efficiency obtained for proposed methods indicates that, the 3A zeolite is capable to remove the significant amounts of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples.

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B with Activated Carbon Obtained from Okra Wastes

This study aimed at preparing and optimizing an activated carbon (OAC) obtained from dry okra wastes by chemical activation with zinc chloride. Also, Rhodamine B removal performance from aqueous solution was analyzed by using this optimized activated carbon. The characterization of the resultant activated carbon, with a high surface area of 1044 m2/g, was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model, t-plot, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, density functional theory, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the point of zero charge. Furthermore, the effects of operating conditions (contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH) on Rhodamine B adsorption onto OAC were investigated. Langmuir model was determined to be the best adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 321.50 mg/g at 25°C. Also, the intraparticle diffusion and boundary layer diffusion were involved in RhB adsorption onto OAC. Moreover, OAC adsorption curves of Rhodamine B followed pseudo second-order model. At 25°C, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy obtained from thermodynamic studies were determined to be −27.87 kJ/mol, 13.03 kJ/mol, and 0.15 kJ/mol K, respectively. These thermodynamic values revealed that Rhodamine B adsorption onto OAC was feasible, endothermic, physical, and spontaneous.

Adsorption of Rhodamine B on two novel polar-modified post-cross-linked resins: Equilibrium and kinetics

We employed two polar monomers, triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and butyl acrylate (BA), to copolymerize with divinylbenzene (DVB), and synthesized two starting copolymers labeled PDT and PDB. Then, the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction was performed for the two starting copolymers, and the residual pendent vinyl groups were consumed, and hence we obtained two novel polar-modified post-cross-linked resins PDTpc and PDBpc. The surface polarity greatly improved due to introduction of the polar monomers, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume significantly increased after the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. Compared with the starting copolymers, the non-polar post-cross-linked resin PDVBpc and some other adsorbents in the references, PDTpc and PDBpc possessed a much enhanced adsorption to Rhodamine B, and the equilibrium capacity reached 578.2mg/g and 328.7mg/g, respectively, at an equilibrium concentration of 100mg/L, and the Freundlich model characterized the equilibrium data very well. The adsorption was a fast process and the kinetic data obeyed the micropore diffusion model. These results confirmed that PDTpc and PDBpc had the potential superiority in adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution.

Adsorptive removal of rhodamine B from textile wastewater using water chestnut (Trapa natans L.) peel: adsorption dynamics and kinetic studies

Water chestnut peel, an agricultural bio-waste, was used as a biosorbent for removal of rhodamine B (RhB), basic textile dye, from an aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters were studied. The equilibrium data correlated well with a Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.98–0.99) followed by a Halsey isotherm model (R2 = 0.98–0.99) which indicated heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface and multilayer adsorption of RhB dye onto the water chestnut peel waste (WCPW). High correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.99) together with close agreement between experimental qe (0.4–1.7 mg g−1) and calculated qe (0.4–2.5 mg g−1) suggested that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, with k2 values in the range of 52–3.4 × 10−1 g mg−1 min−1 at different concentrations. The overall mechanism of adsorption was controlled by both liquid-film and intra-particle diffusions. The negative values of change in Gibb's free energy (−ΔG0 = 19.2–29.2 kJ mol−1) and positive values of change in enthalpy (ΔH0 = 30.9–117.6 kJ mol−1) revealed the process to be spontaneous and endothermic. WCPW was found to be an effective adsorbent for removal of RhB, a cationic dye, from an aqueous solution.

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions by Carbonaceous Microspheres

Carbonaceous microspheres adsorbents prepared by hydrothermal process have been studied for RhB removal from aqueous solutions. Carbonaceous microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that there were abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the carbonaceous microspheres. The equilibrium data of the adsorption and the effect of pH, initial pollutant concentration and temperature of solution on the adsorption of RhB by carbonaceous microspheres were studied. The carbonaceous microspheres exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for RhB.

Preparation of room temperature ferromagnetic BiFeO3 and its application as an highly efficient magnetic separable adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution

In this work, room temperature ferromagnetic BiFeO3 ceramics has been prepared through complex-assisted sol–gel method by using tartaric acid as a complex and tested for the efficient adsorption removal of the model compound (Rhodamine B, RhB). The excellent adsorption property of RhB over as-prepared magnetic separable BiFeO3 ceramics has been proved by batch adsorption experiments. Further studies indicate the static-electric adsorption mechanism may play an important role in the adsorption process. This is a first study of its kind where magnetic separable BiFeO3 has been employed for efficient removal of RhB molecules from an aqueous solution.