Adsorptive Removal Of Ciprofloxacin Research Articles

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin from simulated wastewater using crosslinked starch ester: Isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, modeling, and simulation for continuous operation

The rise in fluoroquinolone concentrations in wastewater caused significant concern due to their potential acute toxicity to living organisms. A novel eco-friendly adsorbent, crosslinked potato starch ester, was used to remove ciprofloxacin from a simulated aqueous solution by a batch adsorption process and used its obtained parameters to solve mathematical modeling. With a maximum adsorption capacity of 243.90 mg/g, the ciprofloxacin adsorption on crosslinked potato starch ester was suitable for the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetics of ciprofloxacin adsorption showed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was a good fit for the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters exhibited that ciprofloxacin adsorption onto crosslinked potato starch ester was exothermic, achievable, and spontaneous. Finally, the process is simulated under various operating conditions using the mathematical model of a fixed bed continuous adsorption column. According to the results, under optimal operation conditions of inlet fluid velocity, particle size, bed height, and initial ciprofloxacin concentration with values 0.002 m/s, 1.2 mm, 0.2 m, and 143.4 mg/L, respectively, the highest dynamic adsorption capacity was 18.75 mg/g.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous medium by magnetic guar gum grafted graphene oxide nano composite

In view of the huge quantum of harmful pharmaceuticals being released into the water stream from various sources, eradication or reduction of these harmful chemicals to a minimum permissible limit is of primary importance. The current work reports a two-step fabrication of magnetic guar gum graphene oxide nanocomposite, mGG/GO NC, a bio nanocomposite based on guar gum polymer blended with Graphene oxide decorated with magnetic nanoparticles. It was subsequently examined for its adsorption ability for the sequestration of ciprofloxacin form wastewater. Various techniques including XRD, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, HRTEM, EDX, FESEM, VSM, pHZPC, and TGA have been employed for the characterization of guar gum as well the nanocomposite. Experimental kinetic and isotherm data obtained from batch adsorption studies when fitted into known models reveals that pseudo second order model and Langmuir isotherm model can best illustrate the behavior of the adsorption process. Thermodynamic studies carried out at varying temperatures confirm the spontaneity and exothermic nature of the adsorption phenomenon. Moreover, a significant extent of recyclability of the nanocomposite is predicted with a retention of adsorption efficiency up to several cycles of adsorption-desorption studies. The novel natural polysaccharide-based nanocomposite can prove to be an excellent adsorbent as evident from a considerably high maximum adsorption capacity value of 555.56 mg g−1. Numerous interactions such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, electron-donor acceptor (EDA) or π − π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions act as driving forces in the adsorption mechanism; a synergistic effect of all these interactions may have plausibly resulted in such an excellent adsorption capacity exhibited by mGG/GO NC.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous matrices using sawdust and plastic waste-derived biochar: A sustainable fight against antibiotic resistance

We produced carbon-negative biochar from the pyrolysis of sawdust biomass alone (SB) and from the co-pyrolysis of sawdust and plastic waste (SPB). The co-pyrolysis approach in this study was driven by several hypothetical factors, such as increased porosity, surface chemistry, stability, as well as waste management. We applied pyrolyzed and co-pyrolyzed biochars for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Due to its more alkaline and amorphous nature, SB showed better removal efficiencies compared to SPB. The maximum removals of CFX and SMX with SB were observed as ∼95% and >95%, respectively whereas with SPB were 58.8%, and 34.9%, respectively. The primary mechanisms involved in the adsorption process were H-bonding, electrostatic and π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions. Homogenously and heterogeneously driven adsorption of both antibiotics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, implying electron sharing/transfer (chemisorption) mediated adsorption. The work is highly pertinent in the context of emerging concerns related to drivers that promote antimicrobial resistance.

MOF‐Heterostructure‐Mediated pH‐Responsive Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: A Step towards Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges of the modern world is the antibiotic pollution in the water resources owing to the lack of effective removal techniques in the conventional wastewater treatment processes. Importantly, very few commercially available adsorbents are at the same time porous, magnetic, and have the capacity to bind and remove particular antibiotic classes from the slurries in a selective manner. Herein we report CNS@ZIF67 heterostructure derived adsorbent for the pH‐dependent removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The materials can be synthesized via a simple two‐step wet chemical method followed by annealing in a controlled atmosphere. The material demonstrates an attractive surface‐to‐mass ratio of 203.02 m2 g−1. We have performed a detailed time dependent adsorption study indicating a high removal efficiency of 96% within 2 h. Experimental adsorption data matches the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetics follows pseudo‐second‐order reaction kinetics suggesting a chemisorption pathway of adsorption kinetics. The adsorbent has an interesting pH dependent adsorption behavior towards CIP. The adsorbent has also demonstrated its value in being reusable for four cycles of adsorption and desorption without significantly changing the removal efficiency.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by a chitosan modified Fe pretreatment biochar composite from aqueous solution

A natural adsorbent that effectively removes the ciprofloxacin from water by altering biochar made from straw using an eco-friendly procedure.

Adsorption of Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline by Organically Modified Magnetic Bentonite

In order to endow magnetic bentonite (MB) with better magnetic separation and magnetic stability, obtain stronger adsorption of antibiotics, carboxymethylcellulose-chitosan/magnetic bentonite composite (MB/CC) was prepared by modifying previously fabricated MB with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CS). The characterization of MB/CC and the adsorption properties towards ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC) was investigated. The characterization results revealed that CC improves the Fe3O4 stability and removal capability of CIP and TC for the final product. Adsorption results indicated that MB/CC exhibited superior adsorption performance for CIP (182 mg·g−1) and TC (189 mg·g−1). Adsorptive removal of CIP and TC by MB/CC was more than 90% even after 5 cycles of adsorption-desorption process. The adsorption process fitted well with the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The main steps during the successful adsorption process of MB/CC for CIP and TC includes pore diffusion, ion exchange and electrostatic interaction. MB/CC has advantages of simplified synthesis, convenient operation and high-efficiency, which could be deemed as a promising alternative adsorbent for antibiotics removal from wastewater.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin with different dissociated species onto titanate nanotubes

Exploring the specific characteristics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) via adsorption and degradation are scientific and practical significance to control their release to water matrix. In this work, a good adsorbent and ion-exchange material, i.e., titanate nanotubes (TNTs), was employed for adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP, a model PPCPs). The adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of CIP with different dissociated species by TNTs were studied through both experimental and theoretical calculations. The multilayered TNTs with high BET surface area (272.3 m2/g) and large pore volume (1.26 cm3/g) exhibited good adsorption property for CIP. The CIP species (i.e., CIP+, CIP±, CIP−) at various pH exhibited significantly different adsorption favorability. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms data revealed that TNTs offered the high uptake for CIP+ (Qmax = 464.47 μmol/g or 153.90 mg/g at pH 5) than CIP± and CIP−. Characterizations indicated the formation of Ti−O−N linkage between CIP molecules and TNTs after adsorption, suggesting the chemical interaction between CIP and TNTs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal variation on pH affects the protonation/deprotonation state of CIP, and then changes the distribution of molecular orbitals and the electrostatic potential (ESP) energy of CIP. ESP follows the trend as: CIP+ (180.57 kcal/mol) > CIP± (146.78 kcal/mol) > CIP− (12.30 kcal/mol), indicating the side of piperazine ring in CIP oriented to TNTs dominates the CIP adsorption. The integrated experimental and theoretical results, for the first time, suggest that ESP energy can serve as the indicator and predictor of adsorption ability for the PPCPs molecules with various speciation, and can help to deeply describe the adsorption mechanism of PPCPs. In addition, TNTs have great application for the removal of PPCPs through adsorption in practical wastewater treatment area.

Adsorptive removal of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin from single and binary aqueous systems using acid-activated carbon from Prosopis juliflora

Adsorptive removal of emerging contaminants like antibiotics from aqueous systems having one or more antibiotics using acid activated carbon have rarely been studied and reported. Current study deals with the adsorptive removal of individual antibiotic species i.e. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Amoxicillin (AMX) from single (CIP and AMX) and binary (CIP + AMX) adsorption systems using acid activated carbon prepared from Prosopis juliflora wood (PPJ). Binary adsorption system involved the synergistic and antagonistic influence of one antibiotic over the adsorption of other antibiotic. Physico-chemical alterations of PPJ surface due to acid activation and after adsorption were characterized for any surface modification. Parameters influencing the efficient adsorption of CIP and AMX viz. Initial pH of antibiotic solution, dosage of PPJ, sorbent-sorbate incubation temperature and initial concentration of antibiotic species were optimized. Sorbate-sorbent interaction studies for single system revealed sorbate's monolayer formation over adsorbent's surface and the involvement of chemisorption as verified by Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order model respectively. For single system, Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of PPJ was 250 mg/g for CIP and 714.29 mg/g for AMX. Meanwhile, competitive Langmuir model was used to investigate adsorption capacity of individual antibiotics in binary system i.e. 370.37 mg/g for CIP and 482.14 mg/g for AMX thus verifying CIP has antagonistic effect on AMX adsorption and AMX has synergistic effect on CIP adsorption on PPJ surface. Recyclability studies verified the PPJ can be used up to 4 cycles and co-existing cationic and anionic salts had minimal effect on the adsorption of antibiotics over PPJ surface. Conclusively PPJ proved efficient in eliminating emerging contaminants like that of antibiotics and thus it can be exploited for other grades of pollutants.

Development of Mn-PBA on GO sheets for adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin from water: Kinetics, isothermal, thermodynamic and mechanistic studies

Water as a universal solvent has well-documented for its ability to dissolve various substances leading to water pollution. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proved to have interesting properties for the adsorptive removal of pollutants from water. In this work, Mn-PBA (Mn[Fe(CN)6]) and Mn-PBA/GO composite have been developed using simple and facile method for the adsorption of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The adsorption kinetic performance of as-synthesized composite for CIP is justified by applying pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.99638) and liquid-film diffusion model (R2 = 0.91603), whereas for the Mn-PBA, pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.99951) and intra-particle model (R2 = 0.80577) is well-fitted. The adsorption isotherm data of Mn-PBA/GO composite for CIP is fitted using Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99994) and adsorption capacity (1826.64 mg/g) is observed higher than previous reports. The relative correlation coefficient value is calculated by using Tampkin model (R2 = 0.62798), which indicated electrostatic relationship between Mn-PBA/GO and ciprofloxacin (CIP). Adsorption of CIP on the Mn-PBA/GO takes place according to endothermic and spontaneous processes (ΔH = +16.94 kj/mol, ΔG = −9.25 kj/mol). The composite has well retained its reusability and the removal efficiency is reduced only 5% after several cycles. Further, the influence of various factors (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate quantity, temperature and ionic strength) on adsorptive removal of CIP is also discussed.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid from aqueous solution

Abstract This paper describes study of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid removal from aqueous solutions using coal fly ash (FA), kaolinite, perlite, talc and vermiculite. The adsorptive features of the adsorbents were evaluated for ciprofloxacin and isoniazid with regards to the effects of contact time, pH, the solid/liquid ratio and antibiotic concentration. All adsorbents were sterilised by dry heat before use to avoid the proliferation of antimicrobial resistance by the bacteria present on the adsorbents during experiments. The regression correlation coefficients indicate that the Langmuir model gives the best fit for the sorption of both antibiotics onto FA and talc, ciprofloxacin onto kaolinite, and isoniazid onto perlite and vermiculite with R2 values ranging from 0.908 – 0.999. The Freundlich isotherm best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto vermiculite and isoniazid onto kaolinite with R2 values of 0.999 for both. The Tempkin model best describes the sorption of ciprofloxacin onto perlite with an R2 = 0.997. The values of the Freundlich exponent, 1/n, range from 0.221 – 0.998, indicating a favourable adsorption of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid onto the adsorbents. The heat of sorption, B, calculated from the Temkin plots has values ranging from 0.018 – 10.460 J/mol, indicating a physical adsorption process (physisorption). Adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 30 min for both antibiotics and the kinetic data obtained conforms best to the pseudo-second order equation with R2 values ranging from 0.998 – 0.999. The removal of ciprofloxacin and isoniazid by all adsorbents except FA was strongly influenced by the pH suggesting that electrostatic interactions play a major role in the adsorption processes.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid/β-cyclodextrin composite from aqueous solution

EDTA/β-CD was prepared by EDTA cross-linked with β-CD, and then used as adsorbent for the removal of ciprofloxacin.

Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin by sodium alginate/graphene oxide composite beads from aqueous solution

Graphene oxide (GO) was encapsulated into environmentally benign sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a GO-SA composite hydrogel and an aerogel, which were then used as adsorbents to remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of these materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterizations demonstrated that the incorporation of GO improved the pore uniformity of the gels and decreased the pore sizes. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SA composite gels increased approximately seven to nine times after the incorporation of GO, matching with pseudo-second-order models. Non-linear fitting parameters of adsorption isotherm studies indicated that a Langmuir model could precisely represent the adsorption behavior. GO-SA aerogels exhibited high tolerance to changes in pH and ionic strength; changes in these parameters minimally influenced the adsorption capacity of the GO-SA aerogels for ciprofloxacin. This work is especially relevant for environmental applications. These graphene-based composites are environmentally benign adsorbents and can remove organic contaminants from aqueous solutions.

Adsorption and intercalation of ciprofloxacin on montmorillonite

Fluoroquinolones are a group of antibiotics commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. Highly enriched in sewage sludge as well as animal manure they can enter the environment by surface application of the sludge and manure. In this study, the interaction and adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with a sodium montmorillonite (MMT) were studied in batch tests and supplemented by XRD and FTIR analyses. The adsorption of CIP on MMT was instantaneous with a large rate constant and a high initial rate. Quantitative desorption of exchangeable cations confirmed cation exchange as the most important mechanism of CIP adsorption on MMT. Higher CIP adsorption was achieved when solution pH was less than the pK a2 value of CIP, above which adsorption coefficient decreased significantly. Fitting of experimental data to adsorption of different CIP species indicated that both cationic and zwitterion forms of CIP could adsorb on MMT. An increase in basal spacing after CIP uptake indicated interlayer adsorption, i.e. intercalation of CIP. The substantial adsorption of CIP when pH was greater than the pK a2 together with the disappearance of C = O stretching vibration of the –COOH group in FTIR analyses suggested that complexation may be the dominant mechanism at high pH.