Adsorption Of Anticancer Drug Research Articles

Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Removal of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Removal Process Optimization and Biological Activity.

This study looked at the doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) anticancer drug's adsorption characteristics on a silver-based metal-organic framework (Ag-MOF). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the characterization of Ag-MOF. The pore volume and surface area of Ag-MOF were determined through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) testing at 77 K to be 0.509 cm3/g and 676.059 m2/g, respectively. Adsorption at pH 6 was established to be the best for DOX compared to alkaline solution. Ag-MOF has a good capacity for eliminating DOX (1.85 mmol/g), according to adsorption experiments. From the adsorption results, we can find that Langmuir is the most fitted adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second order model best fitted the adsorption kinetics. The energy of activation for adsorption, which was determined to be 15.23 kJ/mol, also supported a chemisorption process. The mechanism of adsorption was evaluated, and details of all possible interactions between DOX and Ag-MOF were illustrated. On the other hand, while examining the impact of temperature, we identified the thermodynamic constraints as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° and confirmed that the reaction was an endothermic one and spontaneous. Even after numerous reuse cycles, the efficiency remained constant. The synthetic adsorbent was remarkably recyclable at a rate of more than 91.6%. By using the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of the tested Ag-MOF and DOX@Ag-MOF against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was evaluated in vitro. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Ag-MOF and DOX@Ag-MOF was also tested.

Efficient synthesis strategy of folate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan/CaCO3 hybrid nanospheres and their drug-carrying and sustained release properties

Folate-modified carboxymethyl chitosan (FCMC) was made by folate acid as targeted group and attaching folate to carboxymethyl chitosan, and then, targeted FCMC/CaCO3 hybrid nanosphere were formed by self-assembly of calcium carbonate in FCMC solution. The physicochemical properties of the nanospheres were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurement and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the FCMC/CaCO3 hybrid nanospheres were composed of calcite, vaterite and polysaccharides, and the content of organic compounds was 12.17%. Also, the structure performance of the hybrid nanospheres was analyzed. Besides, the effects of the hybrid nanospheres on the encapsulation efficiency, the drug loading content and the release behavior were also analyzed with the metformin (MET) as a model drug. Scanning electron microscope, Zeta potential analysis and UV–Vis were used to characterize the hybrid nanospheres. Under the conditions of FCMC/Ca2+ molar ratio of 4: 1 and reaction for 24 h, the achieved results showed that the spherical aggregates with regular morphology were obtained and the average particle size of the nanospheres was 207 nm. The specific surface area of the hybrid nanosphere is 27.06 m2·g−1 and the average pore diameter of the sample is 3.84 nm, indicating the presence of mesoporous structure in the sample. This mesoporous structure can supply potential space for adsorption of anticancer drugs. Additionally, the surface charge of the nanoparticles was positive and the entrapment efficiency was 83.32%. The hybrid nanospheres have a capability of effective pH-sensitivity controlled drug release. All the drug loaded hybrid nanospheres successfully sustained the release of MET at pH 7.4, only about 44.58% of the drug released in 6 days. While under acidic condition (pH 5.0) drug release was significantly accelerated, being over 98.85% of the drug released. The hybrid nanospheres demonstrated an excellent smart drug delivery behavior.

Investigation of carboxylation of carbon nanotube in the adsorption of anti-cancer drug: A theoretical approach

Nowadays, an important process applied in the design of novel composite materials and drug delivery fields is the carboxylation of carbon nanotubes. In this work, we study the interaction of the anti-cancer drug hydroxyurea with carboxyl-functionalized zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by employing the method of the density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP levels in gas and solvent phases. The results show that all complexes are energetically favorable, especially in the aqueous phase. The enthalpy energy values are negative in all cases, which indicate their exothermic adsorption nature. The presence of COOH groups would create enough free space on the nanotube surface for the adsorption between interacting atoms. Thus, these can increase the activity of CNTs. Data indicates that adsorption is dependent on the carboxyl sites of the nanotube as well as on the sites of the drug. Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding interactions between drug and COOH-CNTs play an important role for the different kinds of adsorption observed.

How strong is the edge effect in the adsorption of anticancer drugs on a graphene cluster?

The adsorption of nucleobase-analog anticancer drugs (fluorouracil, thioguanine, and mercaptopurine) on a graphene flake (C54H18) was investigated by shifting the site at which adsorption occurs from one end of the sheet to the other end. The counterpoise-corrected M06-2X/cc-pVDZ binding energies revealed that the binding stability decreases in the sequence thioguanine > mercaptopurine > fluorouracil. We found that adsorption near the middle of the sheet is more favorable than adsorption near the edge due to the edge effect. This edge effect is stronger for the adsorption of thioguanine or mercaptopurine than for fluorouracil adsorption. However, the edge effect reduces the binding energy of the drug to the flake by only a small amount, <5kcal/mol, depending on the adsorption site and the alignment of the drug at this site.