Adsorbent For Methylene Blue Adsorption Research Articles

Computational investigations on the performance of transition metal carbide (MXene) for methylene blue dye adsorption and remediation from wastewater

MXenes are receiving a lot of attention as adsorbents for environmental contaminants, due to their distinct characteristics, and the adsorption abilities were toughly influenced by the surface terminal groups. In this research the adsorption ability of free-standing Ti3C2 for methylene blue (MB) dye as a major hazardous contaminant in the watery environment is investigated and compared with the O and OH terminated MXene counterparts using computational material tools. DFT simulations are carried out to explore the structural properties and electronic structures, thermodynamic stability, and adsorption behavior of MB on the considered MXenes surface. The Ti3C2 monolayer is observed to behave as superior adsorbent for MB with strong interaction characteristic which is typical for the chemisorption followed by the Ti3C2(OH)2 and Ti3C2O2 MXenes with hydrogen bonding (strong physisorption) and electrostatics attractions, respectively. Meanwhile the DFTB-MD simulation of MB/MXene in ambient conditions reveals a strong ability of Ti3C2 monolayer in MB adsorption by chemical bond formation between N/C atom of MB and surface Ti atom followed by hydrogen bond formation in MB/Ti3C2(OH)2 system. The superior adsorption behavior of free-standing Ti3C2 monolayer in aqueous solution, make this novel monolayer a promising adsorbent for MB adsorption and removal from watery contaminants. The present findings will be beneficial for the design of suitable nanoadsorbents for remediation of hazardous organic contaminants from wastewater.

New insights into visible light active SnS semiconductor for the elimination of methylene blue: RSM and DFT approaches

In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was performed by varying five pivotal variables: concentration of pollutant (mg/L), mass of catalyst (g), time (min), temperature (°C), and pH to evaluate the degradation efficiency of Methylene Blue (MB) using nanostructured SnS under visible light irradiation. The quadratic model displayed a notable level of reliability and fitness, as evidenced by its R2 value of 0.925. The optimized conditions obtained (Concentration of pollutant: 13.38 mg/L, mass of catalyst: 0.09 g, irradiation time: 25.26 min, temperature: 47.34 °C and pH: 8.36) yielded a degradation efficiency of 99 %, which is highly remarkable. Furthermore, based on density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption energy (Eads), charge transfer, and density of states (DOS) are investigated to study the application of tin sulfide as an adsorbent for Methylene Blue adsorption. When the MB molecule was positioned in a horizontal configuration at a distance of 3.136 Å from SnS, the significant adsorption energy of −3.22 eV was obtained. Due to the bond formation between tin atoms of SnS and carbon atoms of MB, it can be stated that there is a strong chemical interaction between SnS and MB molecule in this configuration. Regarding vertical orientation, adsorption energy was obtained to be −0.45 eV and no sign of any bond formation or breaking was observed, indicating that the adsorption process may be physisorption. The computational and experimental results proved that SnS is a promising candidate for MB adsorption and degradation.

Synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate/multi-walled carbon nanotubes adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

Synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate/multi-walled carbon nanotubes adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

Synthesis of activated carbon-surfactant modified montmorillonite clay-alginate composite membrane for methylene blue adsorption

In this research work, a novel composite membrane was synthesized from activated carbon (AC) derived from sesban, sodium benzyl dodycyel sulphate (SBDS) treated montmorillonite (MMT) clay and alginate (alg) for the adsorption of methylene-blue (MB) dye. The AC-MMT-alg composite membranes were characterized using analytical characterizations such as FTIR, SEM, EDX and TGA analysis. Several important factors like initial solution pH, contact time, membrane dose, MB concentrations and temperature effect on the adsorption efficiency of membrane were investigated. MB dye adsorption on the synthesized membrane was explained well by pseudo second order equation. Isotherm study showed that MB adsorption data followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of membrane for MB was 1429 mg/g from aqueous solution. Thermodynamic study confirmed endothermic and spontaneous MB adsorption on the adsorbent. The mechanistic path way indicated that electrostatic forces were involved in this adsorption process. The synthesized membrane proved an efficient adsorbent for MB adsorption from aqueous media.

A sustainable, low-cost carbonaceous hydrochar adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption derived from corncobs

In this study, activated carbon from corncobs was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and hydrochemical activation at low temperatures, followed by pyrolysis. A developed method of hydrochemical activation of hydrochar that uses only small amounts of chemicals is a promising approach. After activation, the activator residues in the hydrothermal product can constantly act as a chemical activator during pyrolysis to form corncob-activated carbon (AHC-KOH), which had specific surface area of 965.028 m2/g and oxygenated functional groups of 0.3780 mmol/g, 31.67 and 4 times, respectively, of those of the inactivated sample. AHC-KOH was used to study the adsorption characteristics of methylene blue (MB). The MB adsorption efficiency of AHC-KOH was the highest at 489.560 mg/g, which was considerably higher than that of activated carbons produced from other biomasses. The isotherm equilibrium and adsorbent kinetics parameters of MB adsorption on AHC-KOH were also determined using the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.99). Thus, the results indicate that an inexpensive adsorbent produced from corncobs using the above method is a promising material for wastewater treatment.

Nitrogen-rich melamine-based carbon nanosheets prepared via polyvinyl pyrrolidone/ammonia chloride-mediate strategy as an excellent adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

The removal of the methylene blue (MB), a cationic azo dye, in water is highly demanded due to its harmful effects on human health. In this study, the nitrogen-doped carbon nano-sheet was prepared as the adsorbent for MB using the efficient one-pot pyrolysis of melamine in the presence of NH4Cl and PVP. During the heat-treatment, the PVP interacted with melamine forming hydrogen-bond, which would not only elevate the melamine deamination process but also prohibit the melamine polymerization, which led to the formation of the layered structure. The addition of NH4Cl in the pyrolysis mixture would favor the formation of crumpled graphene-like-structure. The prepared materials showed a very high adsorption capacity of MB (348.2 mg/g), which is much higher than many other materials. Such a high adsorption capacity was likely due to its unique graphene-like structure, high N doping with a high content of pyridinic N and graphitic N, and large specific surface area. Moreover, the material was successfully recycled with only a slight decrease in the removal efficiency after 5 cycles.

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by silica gel supported calix[4]arene cage: Investigation of adsorption properties

The silica gel supported dinitro calix[4]arene cage (DNCC) was successfully prepared by immobilization of 3-glycidoxypropyl-bonded stationary phase (GBS) on p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivative having p-nitro benzyloxy moieties. The structural and composition analysis of the DNCC was performed by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, BET, and TGA techniques. After that, the proposed polymeric material as an adsorbent was used for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Initial adsorption experiments demonstrated that DNCC showed outstanding performance for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, many adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of some adsorption criteria on the MB adsorption. The MB adsorption capacity of DNCC was obtained approximately 212.770 mg g−1. Besides, thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and it was concluded that the MB adsorption came true in exothermically and spontaneously. Adsorption phenomena of MB on DNCC were clarified by the investigation of isotherm and kinetic criteria. Finally, the applicability of proposed adsorbent for MB adsorption was investigated in real samples such as tap water and textile wastewater.

Nitrogen-doped graphene-like carbon material derived via a simple, cost-effective method as an excellent adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

Nitrogen-enriched graphene-like carbon materials were successfully prepared via pyrolysis of a mixture of melamine, ammonia chloride (NH4Cl) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at a mild temperature without inert gas protection. Different techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the products. All the prepared materials showed excellent performance in methylene blue (MB) adsorption, In particular, the materials prepared with 3 g polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (NCG-2) exhibited the best performance, a very high maximum adsorption capacity of 348.2 mg/g, much larger than many reported materials. The high adsorption capacity of the Nitrogen-doped graphene-like carbon materials was possible due to its uniform porous structure, high specific surface area. Moreover, NCG-2 could be recycled and only a only slightly decreased in the removal efficiency were observed after 5 cycles.

Nitrogen Self-Doped Activated Carbons Derived from Bamboo Shoots as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Adsorption.

Bamboo shoots, a promising renewable biomass, mainly consist of carbohydrates and other nitrogen-related compounds, such as proteins, amino acids and nucleotides. In this work, nitrogen self-doped activated carbons derived from bamboo shoots were prepared via a simultaneous carbonization and activation process. The adsorption properties of the prepared samples were evaluated by removing methylene blue from waste water. The factors that affect the adsorption process were examined, including initial concentration, contact time and pH of methylene blue solution. The resulting that BSNC-800-4 performed better in methylene blue removal from waste water, due to its high specific surface area (2270.9 m2 g−1), proper pore size (2.19 nm) and relatively high nitrogen content (1.06%). Its equilibrium data were well fitted to Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 458 mg g−1 and a removal efficiency of 91.7% at methylene blue concentration of 500 mg L−1. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model could be used to accurately estimate the carbon material’s (BSNC-800-4) adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism between methylene blue solution and BSNC-800-4 was controlled by film diffusion. This study provides an alternative way to develop nitrogen self-doped activated carbons to better meet the needs of the adsorption applications.

A sustainable process for adsorptive removal of methylene blue onto a food grade mucilage: kinetics, thermodynamics, and equilibrium evaluation

Adsorption of dyes onto natural materials like polysaccharides is considered a green chemistry approach for remediation of wastewater. In this work, the polysaccharide isolated from the corm of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott or taro tuber (CEM) was utilized for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by batch adsorption method. The CEM adsorbent was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solution pH and adsorbent dose have been found to have a significant positive correlation with the adsorptive removal efficiency of CEM for MB dye. The removal efficiency of CEM was found to be 72.35% under the optimum conditions; 20 mg/L initial concentration of dye, 120 mg of adsorbent dose, solution pH 8.5, 311.2 K temperature and 80 min contact time. The adsorption of MB onto CEM followed best the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The adsorption was thermodynamically favorable and was endothermic in nature. The desorption/adsorption data justifiably indicated the reuse capability of CEM adsorbent for MB adsorption. Hence, CEM may be regarded as an eco-friendly and cost-effective natural adsorbent for MB dye removal from aqueous solution.

Magnetic Carbon Nanofibers from Horse Manure via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Methylene Blue Adsorption

Disposal and recycle of waste biomass is of great concern. Thermochemically converting the waste biomass to carbon nanomaterials is an interesting because of environmental friendly, low cost and local availability. In this work, magnetic carbon nanofibers have been synthesized by hydrothermal and carbonization of the magnetite preloaded on horse manure which is controllable temperature and additive of catalyst. It was found that Fe is able to form magnetic carbon nanofibers (M-CNFs). Furthermore, magnetic carbon nanofibers were used as an adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption. Synthesized magnetic sorbents exhibited high performance on methylene blue adsorption and it is successfully separated from the water by magnetic separation.

Adsorption of methylene blue and crystal violet on low-cost adsorbent: waste fruits of Rapanea ferruginea (ethanol-treated and H2SO4-treated)

This study assesses the ability of two low-cost adsorbents made from waste of Rapanea ferruginea treated with ethanol (WRf) and its H2SO4-treated analog (WRf/H2SO4) for the removal of two cationic dyes methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, point of zero charge (pHpzc), specific surface, and functional groups. The adsorption of dye onto the adsorbents was studied as a function of pH solution (2–12), contact time (up to 120 min) and initial concentration (20–120 mg/L), and temperature (25, 35, and 55 °C). The influence of these parameters on adsorption capacity was studied using the batch process. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the experimental design, modeling of the process, and optimizing of the variables and was optimized by the response involving Box–Behnken factorial design (15 runs). The results show that the data correlated well with the Sips isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB and CV onto WRf were found to be 69 and 106 mg/g, and onto WRf/H2SO4, the adsorption capacities were 33 and 125 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data revealed that adsorption of cationic dyes onto the adsorbents closely follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model, with coefficient of determination (R2) values for MB (R2 = 0.9685) and MB (R2 = 0.9832) for WRf and CV (R2 = 0.9685) and CV (R2 = 0.9832) for WRf/H2SO4 indicated that regression analysis is able to give a good prediction of response for the adsorption process in the range studied. The results revealed that waste from R. ferruginea is potentially an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of MB and CV.

Optimization of Process Parameters by Response Surface Methodology for Methylene Blue Removal Using Cellulose Dusts

This study was aimed to use Cellulose dusts (CD) produced in drying section of paper mills of paper making industry as a potential adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray Diffraction. The influences of the effective parameters including pH solution, adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration, and contact time were optimized by CCD which stands for central composite design. The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was analyzed using the batch process. The accuracy of the equation that is produced by CCD was affirmed by the variance analysis and also by calculating the correlation coefficient that connects the predicted and the empirical values of the percentage of removed MB dye. Maximum removal percentage of MB dye (98.05 %) which obtained at pH 9.84, adsorbent dosage 4.38 g L-1, MB concentration 75.50 g L-1 and time 208.13 min. Freundlich, Temkin, Harkins-Jura and Langmuir isotherms are used to analyze the empirical data. Results revealed that the data is in a satisfying agreement with the Freundlich isotherm (R2= 0.99). Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit the kinetic data and it is found out that MB dye’s adsorption onto CD has a good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results showed that CD can be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption.

Carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride as environment-benign adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics study

Abstract A novel, carbon-doped graphitic carbon nitride (C C3N4-20) was used for methylene blue (MB) removal from an aqueous solution. In dye adsorption experiments, C C3N4-20 showed a high MB adsorption efficiency due to its extended π-conjugation system and porous structure, the maximum adsorption capacity of C C3N4-20 for MB was 57.87 mg g−1, when the initial concentrations of MB were 20 mg L−1. A Langmuir model fit the MB adsorption isotherm of C C3N4-20, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit the adsorption kinetics. The MB adsorption process on C C3N4-20 is physical and mainly via electrostatic attraction and π–π interactions.

Kinetics behavior of methylene blue onto agricultural waste

ABSTRACTIn the present work, investigations on a potential use of agricultural waste for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater are presented. Adsorption kinetics of MB has been studied using reaction-based and diffusion-based models. Three kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and the Elovich are analyzed at the temperature of 298 K for the reaction-based model. The kinetic studies showed that the data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Intraparticle diffusion, external-film diffusion, and internal-pore diffusion models characterizing MB were obtained. The results suggested that the agricultural waste has a high potential to be used as an effective adsorbent for MB adsorption. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and the Elovich models were employed to describe the desorption mechanism. The experimental results showed that the pseudo-second-order equation is the best model.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/titania nanocomposites as an adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption

In this study microwave-assisted reduction (MrGO) and direct reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) by Ti powders were established, and the effect of the reaction conditions on the reduction were discussed. The results showed that GO can be effectively reduced by both methods, however, microwave assistance can greatly shorten the reduction time. The produced Ti ions from the reaction of Ti powder with GO were transferred to TiO2 by hydrolysis and formed MrGO/TiO2 and rGO/TiO2. They were used as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB). MrGO/TiO2 showed a higher adsorption capacity (qmax, 845.6mg/g) than rGO/TiO2 (qmax, 467.6mg/g). Investigation on the adsorption MB onto MrGO/TiO2 was conducted and demonstrated that adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo second-order kinetics model and the adsorption isotherm was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The recycling of MrGO/TiO2 was achieved by photocatalytic degradation of MB catalyzed by MrGO/TiO2 itself.

Removal of Methylene Blue Using Chemically Modified Sugarcane Bagasse

Methylene Blue (MB) has been found to be one of the most common dyes used in the industries. Adsorption process using Activated Carbon (AC) has been proven to be able to remove MB effectively but the treatment cost using the adsorbent is considered expensive due to its high energy cost. Sugarcane Bagasse (SGB) is an agricultural by-product and abundantly available material in many developing countries. FTIR and XRD were used to confirm the existence of ligno-cellulose content of SGB after experiencing various chemical treatments. SGB had 5 - 40 folds higher MB removal capability than commercial activated carbon, depending on the pH of water medium and the type of SGB. SGB showed a much better performance in adsorbing MB in alkaline environment than in acidic environment. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was able to estimate the removal capacity of non-chemical treated SGB (NSGB) and CaCl2 treated SGB (CSGB) at 84.7458 mg/g and 35.2113 mg/g respectively. An extremely higher MB removal capacity was found for BSGB due to the complexity of the surface site after chemical treatment. NaOH treated SGB (BSGB) with low lignin residue content was the most favourable adsorbent for MB adsorption.

Alkali treated Foumanat tea waste as an efficient adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solution

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by alkali treated Foumanat tea waste (ATFTW) from agriculture biomass was investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nitrogen physisorption. FTIR results showed complexation and ion exchange appear to be the principle mechanism for MB adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir, Sips, Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich equations, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity, Qmax was found to be 461mgg−1. It was found that the adsorption of MB increases by increasing temperature from 303 to 323K and the process is endothermic in nature. The removal of MB by ATFTW followed pseudo-second order reaction kinetics based on Lagergren equations. Mechanism studies indicated that the adsorption of MB on the ATFTW was mainly governed by external mass transport where particle diffusion was the rate limiting step.

Grass waste: A novel sorbent for the removal of basic dye from aqueous solution

The aim of the present work was to investigate the feasibility of grass waste (GW) for methylene blue (MB) adsorption. The adsorption of MB on GW material was studied as a function of GW dose (0.05–1.20 g), solution pH 3–10, contact time and initial concentration (70–380 mg/L). The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was studied using the batch process. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption isotherm was found to follow the Langmuir model. The monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 457.640 mg/g. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and were found to follow closely the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The results revealed that GW adsorbent is potentially low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of MB.