Adropin Concentrations Research Articles

Ultra-processed foods intake in relation to metabolic health status, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adropin levels in adults

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been a lot of discussion over the impact of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) intake on overall health of subjects. However, the association between UPFs intake and metabolic unhealthy (MU) status is still in a state of ambiguity. The current study assessed the relationship between UPFs intake and MU status with regard to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin levels.MethodsA sample of Iranian adults (aged 20–65 years) was selected to participate in this cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster random-sampling method. UPFs intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and NOVA classification. Concentrations of metabolic parameters, BDNF and adropin were determined through fasting blood samples. MU status was assessed according to the criteria proposed by Wildman.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MU phenotype among study participants (n = 527) was 42.5%. Higher intake of UPFs was associated with elevated odds of MU status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1=1.88; 95%CI: 1.02–3.45). Moreover, a positive association was observed between UPFs intake and hypertriglyceridemia after controlling all confounders (ORT3 vs. T1=2.07; 95%CI: 1.15–3.73). However, each tertile increase in UPFs intake was not significantly associated with serum BDNF (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\:\\beta\\:$$\\end{document}=0.15; 95%CI: -0.05, 0.34; P = 0.14) and adropin (\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\:\\beta\\:$$\\end{document}=-1.37; 95%CI: -6.16, 3.42; P = 0.58) levels in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.ConclusionOur findings suggested that higher consumption of UPFs was related to increased likelihood of MU status among a sample of Iranian adults. Further longitudinal studies are needed to verify the directionality and generalizability of the results to all adult populations.

Adropin Is Expressed in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Reduces Glucagon Release in Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus affects 537 million adults around the world. Adropin is expressed in different cell types. Our aim was to investigate the cellular localization in the endocrine pancreas and its effect on modulating pancreatic endocrine hormone release in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adropin expression in the pancreas was investigated in normal and diabetic rats using immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Serum levels of insulin, glucagon pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and somatostatin were measured using a Luminex® χMAP (Magpix®) analyzer. Pancreatic endocrine hormone levels in INS-1 832/3 rat insulinoma cells, as well as pancreatic tissue fragments of normal and diabetic rats treated with different concentrations of adropin (10-6, 10-9, and 10-12 M), were measured using ELISA. Adropin was colocalized with cells producing either insulin, glucagon, or PP. Adropin treatment reduced the number of glucagon-secreting alpha cells and suppressed glucagon release from the pancreas. The serum levels of GLP-1 and amylin were significantly increased after treatment with adropin. Our study indicates a potential role of adropin in modulating glucagon secretion in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

Dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients in relation to metabolic health status, serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and adropin

There is a lack of evidence on dietary intake of methyl donor nutrients with metabolic health status and related biomarkers. Thus, this study aimed to assess the relation between methyl donor nutrients intake and metabolic health status with regarding the interactive roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 527 Iranian adults (45.7% female) selected by multistage cluster random-sampling method. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate participants' dietary intake. Metabolic unhealthy status was defined by Wildman criteria as having ≥ 2 of hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hypertension, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Concentrations of metabolic parameters, BDNF and adropin were determined using fasting blood samples. An inverse association was found between methyl donor nutrients intake and metabolically unhealthy status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORT3 vs. T1=0.30; 95%CI: 0.12-0.75). This association was especially significant among overweight/obese adults and was stronger in women. Additionally, consumption of vitamin B6 and choline was separately related to reduced odds of metabolically unhealthy status. Methyl donor intake was not significantly related to low BDNF (ORT3 vs. T1=0.93; 95%CI: 0.60-1.44) and adropin (ORT3 vs. T1=0.71; 95%CI: 0.44-1.15). However, the interaction between high methyl donor nutrients intake and high BDNF was related to lower odds of metabolically unhealthy status in multivariable-adjusted model (ORMDNS∗BDNF=0.27; 95%CI: 0.11-0.67). Higher intake of methyl donor nutrients, alone and in interaction with BDNF levels, was associated with decreased odds of metabolically unhealthy status in Iranian adults.

Serum Adropin Levels Are Elevated in Patients With Hyperthyroidism.

Objective: Adropin is a unique hormone, which controls metabolism and energy homeostasis. Hyperthyroidism is a disease with a high metabolic rate that affects both glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the change of adropin levels and the association between adropin levels and clinical parameters in patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 90 newly diagnosed patients with hyperthyroidism and 90 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Circulating adropin levels and thyroid hormone levels were evaluated in each participant. Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the hyperthyroid patients had significantly higher levels of serum adropin (p < 0.001). In addition, adropin levels were positively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), whereas they were negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum adropin concentrations were independently correlated with FT3 and TSH after adjustment for age, gender, and other confounding factors (FT3: β = 0.231, p < 0.05; TSH: β = -0.301, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with hyperthyroidism had elevated serum adropin levels. And the serum adropin concentrations were independently correlated with the FT3 and TSH levels.

Low circulating adropin levels in late-middle aged African Americans with poor cognitive performance

We recently reported accelerated cognitive decline in Europeans aged > 70 years with low circulating adropin levels. Adropin is a small, secreted peptide that is highly expressed in the human nervous system. Expression profiling indicate relationships between adropin expression in the human brain and pathways that affect dementia risk. Moreover, increased adropin expression or treatment using synthetic adropin improves cognition in mouse models of aging. Here we report that low circulating adropin concentrations associate with poor cognition (worst quintile for a composite score derived from the MMSE and semantic fluency test) in late-middle aged community-dwelling African Americans (OR = 0.775, P < 0.05; age range 45–65 y, n = 352). The binomial logistic regression controlled for sex, age, education, cardiometabolic disease risk indicators, and obesity. Previous studies using cultured cells from the brains of human donors suggest high expression in astrocytes. In snRNA-seq data from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) of human donors, adropin expression is higher in astrocytes relative to other cell types. Adropin expression in all cell-types declines with advance age, but is not affected by dementia status. In cultured human astrocytes, adropin expression also declines with donor age. Additional analysis indicated positive correlations between adropin and transcriptomic signatures of energy metabolism and protein synthesis that are adversely affected by donor age. Adropin expression is also suppressed by pro-inflammatory factors. Collectively, these data indicate low circulating adropin levels are a potential early risk indicator of cognitive impairment. Declining adropin expression in the brain is a plausible link between aging, neuroinflammation, and risk of cognitive decline.

Clinical Significance of Adropin and Afamin in Evaluating Renal Function and Cardiovascular Health in the Presence of CKD-MBD Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease.

The study aims to test the hypothesis that concentrations of adropin and afamin differ between patients in various stages of chronic kidney disease when compared with healthy controls. The study also investigates the association of the biomarkers (adropin and afamin) with CKD-MBD and traditional cardiovascular risk parameters in CKD patients. The cross-sectional study includes the subjects divided into four groups comprising the control group (healthy volunteers = 50), CKD stages 1-2 patients (n = 50), CKD stages 3-4 patients (n = 50), CKD stage 5 patients (n = 50). Serum concentrations of adropin and afamin were determined using ELISA. Clinical variables (renal, lipid, and CKD-MBD parameters) were correlated to adropin and afamin concentrations. Afamin concentration was found to be higher in group IV, followed by groups III and II when compared to the control group, i.e., (83.243 ± 1.46, 64.233 ± 0.99, and 28.948 ± 0.72 vs. 14.476 ± 0.5) mg/L (p < 0.001), and adropin concentration was found to be lower in group IV as compared to groups III, II, and I (200.342 ± 8.37 vs. 284.682 ± 9.89 vs. 413.208 ± 12.32 vs. 706.542 ± 11.32) pg/mL (p < 0.001), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that afamin was positively correlated with traditional cardiovascular risk biomarkers, while adropin showed a negative correlation. Adropin and afamin may potentially serve as futuristic predictors for the deterioration of renal function and may be involved in the pathological mechanisms of CKD and its associated complications such as CKD-MBD and high lipid levels.

Low circulating adropin concentrations predict increased risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

The secreted peptide adropin is highly expressed in human brain tissues and correlates with RNA and proteomic risk indicators for dementia. Here we report that plasma adropin concentrations predict risk for cognitive decline in the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00672685; mean age 75.8y, SD = 4.5years, 60.2% female, n = 452). Cognitive ability was evaluated using a composite cognitive score (CCS) that assessed four domains: memory, language, executive function, and orientation. Relationships between plasma adropin concentrations and changes in CCS (∆CCS) were examined using Cox Proportional Hazards Regression, or by grouping into tertiles ranked low to high by adropin values and controlling for age, time between baseline and final visits, baseline CCS, and other risk factors (e.g., education, medication, APOE4 status). Risk of cognitive decline (defined as a∆CCS of - 0.3 or more) decreased with increasing plasma adropin concentrations (hazard ratio = 0.873, 95% CI 0.780-0.977, P = 0.018). Between adropin tertiles, ∆CCS was significantly different (P = 0.01; estimated marginal mean ± SE for the 1st to 3rd tertile, - 0.317 ± 0.064; - 0.275 ± 0.063; - 0.042 ± 0.071; n = 133,146, and 130, respectively; P < 0.05 for 1st vs. 2nd and 3rd adropin tertiles). Normalized plasma Aß42/40 ratio and plasma neurofilament light chain, indicators of neurodegeneration, were significantly different between adropin tertile. These differences were consistent with reduced risk of cognitive decline with higher plasma adropin levels. Overall, these results suggest cognitive decline is reduced in community-dwelling older adults with higher circulating adropin levels. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying causes of the relationship and whether increasing adropin levels can delay cognitive decline.

Circulating levels of adropin and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

ObjectiveAdropin, a newly identified regulatory protein has garnered attention given its potential role in metabolism regulation, especially glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, studies on the association between adropin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are equivocal. The aim of this study is to assess the association between serum adropin levels and T2DM using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of science, and Google Scholar were searched, up to August 2022, for studies that reported the association between serum levels of adropin in adults with T2DM compared to a control group without diabetes. A random-effect model was used to compute the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsMeta-analysis of 15 studies (n = 2813 participants) revealed that the serum adropin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared with the control group (WMD= -0.60 ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.70 to -0.49; I2 = 99.5%). Subgroup analysis also found lower concentration of adropin in patients with T2DM who were otherwise healthy compared to a control group (n = 9; WMD=-0.04 ng/ml, 95% CI= -0.06 to -0.01, p = 0.002; I2 = 96.4).ConclusionsOur study showed adropin levels are lower in patients with diabetes compared to a control group without diabetes. However, the limitations of observational studies challenge the validity of the results, and further investigations are needed to confirm the veracity of these findings and additionally explore possible mechanisms.

Adropin in pregnancy complicated by hyperglycemia and obesity - a preliminary study.

According to the data, approximately 33-37% of women of reproductive age are obese. These numbers are reflected in the increasing number of complications in pregnancy, including gestational diabetes. The study aims to assess the concentrations of adropin in the course of gestational diabetes and their possible relationship with the occurrence of obstetric complications characteristic for it. The study included 65 obese and overweight pregnant patients (BMI > 27 kg/m²) with glycemic disorders diagnosed during pregnancy. Blood samples we collected during visits: V0 - the first half of pregnancy V1 - 28-32 weeks of gestation, and V2 - 37-39 weeks of gestation. The concentrations of adropin were measured during V1 and V2 by ELISA tests. We analyzed the studied patients' anthropometric, metabolic parameters and obstetrical results. In the study group, at the visit V1, the mean level of adropin was 525.5 mmol/mL and 588.1 mmol/mL for the V2 visit. The comparison of adropin concentration between visits showed a statistically significant increase (p = 0.02). The concentration of adropin did not differ between obese and morbidly obese patients at V1, but at V2, there was a significant lover adropin level in morbidly obese patients. In overweight and obese pregnant patients with gestational diabetes, the levels of adropin in serum increased significantly in the last trimester of pregnancy. The increase in concentration was significantly lower in the morbidly obese patients than in the obese group. The study provides the basis for further analyses of the role of adropin in pregnancies complicated by obesity and gestational diabetes.

The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Adropin Serum Levels in Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Heart Failure

adropin plays a protective role in cardiac remodeling through supporting energy metabolism and water homeostasis and suppressing inflammation. Low circulating levels of adropin were positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflosin might represent cardiac protective effects in T2DM patients with known chronic HF through the modulation of adropin levels. we prospectively enrolled 417 patients with T2DM and HF from an entire cohort of 612 T2DM patients. All eligible patients were treated with the recommended guided HF therapy according to their HF phenotypes, including SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin 10 mg, daily, orally. Anthropometry, clinical data, echocardiography/Doppler examinations, and measurements of biomarkers were performed at the baseline and over a 6-month interval of SGLT2 inhibitor administration. in the entire group, dapagliflozin led to an increase in adropin levels by up to 26.6% over 6 months. In the female subgroup, the relative growth (Δ%) of adropin concentrations was sufficiently higher (Δ% = 35.6%) than that in the male subgroup (Δ% = 22.7%). A multivariate linear regression analysis of the entire group showed that the relative changes (Δ) in the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and E/e' were significantly associated with increased adropin levels. In the female subgroup, but not in the male subgroup, ΔLVEF (p = 0.046), ΔLAVI (p = 0.001), and ΔE/e' (p = 0.001) were independent predictive values for adropin changes. the levels of adropin seem to be a predictor for the favorable modification of hemodynamic performances during SGLT2 inhibition, independent ofN-terminal brain natriuretic pro-peptide levels.

The effects of different fatty acids on nesfatin-1, omentin-1, adropin, leptin and ghrelin levels

There are many studies on nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin. However, data on the effects of long, medium, and short chain fatty acids on serum/tissue concentrations of nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin are scarce. This study aims to investigate the effects of butyric acid, caprylic acid, and oleic acid alone or in combination on nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin secretion. In the study, 49 male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into 7 groups as control (CONT), butyric acid (BA), caprylic acid (CA), oleic acid (OA), butyric acid+caprylic acid (BA+CA), butyric acid+oleic acid (BA+OA) and caprylic acid+oleic acid (CA+OA) groups. The rats were orally administered fatty acids for twenty-one days. At the end of the study, the levels of nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin were determined by the ELISA method. When the groups were compared in terms of nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin levels, the butyric acid group had higher nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin levels than the other groups (p&lt;0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the other groups (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that butyric acid use caused an increase in serum nesfatin-1, omentin, adropin, leptin, and ghrelin levels.

Interplay between Myokine Profile and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Heart Failure.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a powerful predictor of progressive heart failure (HF), but it is not clear whether altered glycemic control interferes with HF progression via an impaired profile of circulating myokines. The aim was to investigate plausible effects of glucose control on a myokine signature in T2DM patients affected by chronic HF. We selected 372 T2DM patients from the local database and finally included 314 individuals suffering from chronic HF and subdivided them into two groups according to glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (&lt;6.9% and ≥7.0%). Echocardiography and Doppler examinations along with biomarker measurements were performed at the baseline of the study. The results showed that irisin levels were significantly lower in patients with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% than in those with HbAc1 &lt; 6.9%, whereas concentrations of apelin, myostatin and adropin did not significantly differ between these two groups. We also identified numerous predictors of poor glycemic control, but only N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.10, p = 0.04) and irisin (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.04-1.17, p = 0.001) remained independent predictors of the dependent variable. In conclusion, we found that decreased levels of irisin were associated with poor glycemic control in T2DM patients with HF regardless of clinical conditions and other biomarkers.

A model for predicting acute heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction by taking into account energy and adipokine metabolism indicators

Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Currently, adropin, irisin, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP 4) and C1q/TNF-binding protein 3 (CTRP 3) are considered to be valid markers of energy homeostasis and the adipokine system in AMI patients. The aim of the study was to predict the development of AHF in AMI patients by taking into account indicators of energy homeostasis and adipokine system using generalized linear mixed model. The study examined 189 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Concentrations of adropin, irisin, insulin, FABP4 and CTRP3 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting capillary blood glucose level was measured by glucoseoxidase method. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The study identified thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade before intervention. A generalized linear mixed model was used to develop a method for predicting AHF in AMI patients. The study showed decreased levels of adropin, irisin and CTRP3 and increased levels of FABP4 in AMI patients. A mathematical model for predicting AHF development in AMI patients was proposed. The model consisted of fixed effects, namely, two one-factor indicators (HOMA-IR and systolic blood pressure (BP)), one two-factor indicator (systolic and diastolic BP) and one three-factor indicator (adropin, irisin and CTRP3) and random effects such as four one-factor indicators (FABP4, TIMI Grade Flow, platelets, total cholesterol). The accuracy of predicting the absence of Killip class I AHF was 100%, Killip class II AHF – 0%, Killip class III AHF – 11%, Killip class IV AHF – 82%. It should be noted that systolic BP on day 1 was a strong negative prognostic factor, while HOMA-IR, the combined effect of adropin, irisin and CTRP3, the combined effect of systolic and diastolic BP were positive prognostic factors. Thus, the model showed a very high sensitivity in predicting Killip class IV AHF. The overall accuracy of the model was 89.4%.

DYNAMICS OF ADROPIN AND IRISIN BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

summary. A pressing concern of modern medicine is the search for new biomarkers that can influence the development and course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim – To examine the dynamics of adropin and irisin serum levels in diabetic patients with or without AMI complications. Materials and Methods. In total, 134 AMI patients were enrolled. Among 60 examined AMI patients (group I), 41 patients were identified without early cardiovascular (CV) complications of AMI and 19 patients – with complicated AMI. Among 74 AMI patients with type 2 DM (group II), there were 48 patients without early AMI complications and 26 patients with early AMI complications. The control group consisted of 20 otherwise healthy persons. Serum levels of adropin and irisin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The adropin and irisin serum levels on day 1 of treatment was low in both nondiabetic (I) and diabetic patients (II) compared with those in the control group (p&lt;0.05). On the 10th day of treatment, the levels of adropin in group II patients without early AMI complications were reduced by 13.91 % compared with those in group I (p&lt;0.05). Group II with the presence of early AMI complications showed a reduction of 17.34 % in adropin levels on day 10 compared with group II (p&lt;0.05). On day 10 of treatment, the irisin levels in group II without early AMI complications were reduced by 18.94 % compared with those in group I (p&lt;0.05). In group II with the presence of early AMI complications on the 10th day, the irisin levels were reduced by 23.87 % compared with those in group I (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. The concentrations of adropin and irisin were significantly low in group II on day 1 and 10 of hospital stay. In the dynamics of treatment on day 10, the levels of adropin and irisin remained low in group II with early CV complications of AMI.

Relationship between Biomarkers of Carbohydrate, Energy and Adipokine Metabolism in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The purpose of the study was to examine the indicators of carbohydrate, energy and adipokine metabolism in acute myocardial infarction patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. A total of 134 patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 58.97 ± 7.92 years were examined in the Government Institution “L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” and Kharkiv Railway Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the “Center of Healthcare” branch of Public Joint Stock Company “Ukrainian Railway”. The main group (group 1) included 74 patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The comparison group (group 2) was represented by 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The control group was composed of 20 otherwise healthy individuals. Serum concentrations of insulin, adropin, irisin, fatty acid binding protein 4 and C1q/TNF-related protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results and discussion. It was found that the levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR index were increased in acute myocardial infarction patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with the control group (p˂0.05). In acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the serum levels of adropin, irisin and C1q/TNF-related protein were significantly lower, while the fatty acid binding protein 4 levels were higher as compared to those in the control group (p&lt;0.05). Acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus demonstrated significantly lower serum concentrations of adropin and C1q/TNF-related protein in comparison with acute myocardial infarction patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (p&lt;0.05). Negative correlations between blood glucose and adropin (r = -0.499, p&lt;0.001), irisin (r = -0.495, p&lt;0.001), fatty acid binding protein 4 (r = -0.518, p&lt;0.001), between HOMA-IR and adropin (r = -0.304, p&lt;0.02), fatty acid binding protein 4 (r = -0.429, p = 0.001), as well as positive correlations between blood glucose levels and C1q/TNF-related protein (r = 0.435, p = 0.001) were revealed in acute myocardial infarction patients. In acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, negative correlations were found between blood glucose and adropin (r = -0.504, p&lt;0.001), irisin (r = -0.520, p = 0.03), C1q/TNF-related protein (r = -0.546, p&lt;0.001); between blood insulin and adropin (r = -0.361, p = 0.017), irisin (r = -0.396, p = 0.01), C1q/TNF-related protein (r = -0.361, p = 0.018); between adropin and HOMA-IR (r = -0.508, p = 0.001), C1q/TNF-related protein (r = -0.436, p = 0.003), as well as positive correlation between blood glucose and fatty acid binding protein 4 (r = 0.508, p = 0.007); between blood insulin and fatty acid binding protein 4 (r = 0.501, p = 0.001); between HOMA-IR and fatty acid binding protein 4 (r = 0.516, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion. Characteristics of adropin, irisin, fatty acid binding protein 4 and C1q/TNF-related protein serum levels are evidence of violated energy and adipokine metabolism in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Relationships between adropin, irisin, fatty acid binding protein 4 and C1q/TNF-related protein could indicate involvement of these markers in carbohydrate metabolism

Predictive Model for Acute Heart Failure in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Energy and Adipokine Metabolism Indicators

BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the early complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in diabetic patients. Evaluation of biomarkers of energy and adipokine metabolism can help in the early identification of diabetic patients at risk of AHF. AIM: The present study is aimed to predict the development of AHF in diabetic patients with AMI based on energy and adipokine metabolism parameters. METHODS: A total of 74 diabetic patients with AMI were examined between September 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. Serum adropin, irisin, and C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To predict AHF development in AMI patients, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied. RESULTS: The serum concentrations of adropin, irisin, and CTRP3 have been found to be reduced in diabetic patients with AMI and AHF. The accuracy of predicting AHF Killip Class 1 was 96.7%, and the accuracy of prediction for AHF Killip Class 2 was 57.1%, that is, the model was poorly sensitive to this level of complications. The prediction accuracy for AHF Killip Class 3 was 80%, that is, the model was highly sensitive to complications of this level, and for AHF Killip Class 4 – 100% being the maximum level of the model sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Low serum concentrations of adropin, irisin, and CTRP3 indicate an imbalance in energy and adipokine homeostasis. The constructed model predicts the probability of AHF development with high accuracy of 91.9% in diabetic patients with AMI.

Зміни показників енергетичного та ліпідного обміну в пацієнтів на гострий інфаркт міокарда та цукровий діабет 2 типу

The purpose of the study was to examine the indicators of lipid and energy metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. A total of 134 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 58.97 ± 7.92 years were examined on the basis of the Intensive Care Department at the Government Institution “L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” and the Kharkiv Railway Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the branch “Center of Healthcare” of Public Joint Stock Company “Ukrainian Railway”. Group 1 consisted of 74 patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 59.42 ± 7.66 years. Group 2 (comparison group) included 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction without type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 58.42 ± 8.25 years. The control group comprised of 20 healthy individuals. All the patients of groups 1 and 2 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The study was conducted from September 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. Serum concentration of adropin and irisin in patients was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were measured by peroxidase enzymatic method. Triglyceride levels were analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric method. The atherogenic index was calculated by A. M. Klimov formula. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were estimated by the Friedewald formula. Results and discussion. Group 1 patients were found to have higher serum triglyceride levels compared with group 2 patients (p&lt;0.05). In groups 1 and 2, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels presented an upward tendency (p˃0.05), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly by 4.04 and 2.92 times increased, respectively, as compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). The serum adropin levels were significantly lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison to those in patients with acute myocardial infarction without type 2 diabetes mellitus (p&lt;0.05). There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of adropin and irisin in both groups compared with the control group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion. Characteristics of changes in adropin and irisin levels suggest an energy homeostasis imbalance in acute myocardial infarction in the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that may significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular complications of acute myocardial infarction in this category of patients. The relationship between adropin, irisin and lipid profile may indicate the influence of these markers on lipid metabolism

The role of adropin, HIF-1α and apelin biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute mesentaric ischemia.

The absence of a specific biomarker for acute mesenteric ischemia diagnosis results in a delay in diagnosis and treatment, as well as a high mortality rate. The current research examined whether the proteins adropin, HIF-1α, and apelin may be used to help in the early detection of acute mesenteric ischemia. A total of 20 patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, 20 patients with abdominal pain, and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. The levels of adropin, HIF-1, and apelin in the serum were determined using the ELISA method. Adropin concentrations were significantly higher in the acute mesenteric ischemia group than in the abdominal pain and healthy control groups (p<0.05). HIF-1α levels were considerably greater in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia compared to both the abdominal pain group and the healthy control group (p<0.05). There was no difference in apelin levels between the acute mesenteric ischemia and abdominal pain groups (p>0.05). HIF-1α was found to be moderate (AUC: 0.705) and adropin was found to be a weak biomarker (AUC: 0.692) in the ROC analysis for acute mesenteric ischemia. In this study of 20 patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, we found adropin and HIF-1α levels to be increased compared to patients with abdominal pain who did not have acute mesenteric ischemia.

Changes in plasma C1q, apelin and adropin concentrations in older adults after descending and ascending stair walking intervention

This study compared changes in plasma complement component 1q (C1q), apelin and adropin concentrations in older obese women after descending (DSW) and ascending stair walking (ASW) training (n = 15/group) performed twice a week for 12 weeks, with gradual increases in exercise time from 5 to 60 min. Fasting blood samples were collected 3 days before the first and 4 days after the last training session. The improvements in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength of the knee extensors, functional physical fitness [e.g., 30-s chair stand (CS) performance], resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin sensitivity [e.g., oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] and blood lipid profiles [e.g., total cholesterol (TC)] were greater (p < 0.05) in the DSW than ASW group. Plasma C1q decreased (− 51 ± 30%), and apelin (23 ± 15%) and adropin (127 ± 106%) increased (p ≤ .0.05) only after DSW. Significant (p ≤ 0.01) partial correlations were found between the pre- to post-DSW changes in C1q, apelin or adropin and changes in outcome measures [e.g., C1q and MVIC (r = − 0.837), apelin and SBP (r = − 0.854), and andropin and OGTT (r = − 0.729)]. These results showed that greater decreases in plasma C1q and greater increases in apelin and adropin concentrations were associated with greater improvements in outcome measures after DSW than after ASW.

Maternal adropin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Adropin is a regulatory protein with potential implications in energy homeostasis, glucose regulation, and insulin resistance. Aim The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the maternal serum/plasma adropin levels between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients and non-GDM controls. Methods Relevant studies were retrieved by online database and manual searching. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by a random-effects meta-analysis. A one-study leave-out sensitivity analysis and trimester-wise subgroup analysis were performed. Results A total of eight observations were included in this meta-analysis. The results based on random-effects meta-analysis indicated that adropin levels were significantly increased in GDM patients as compared to non-GDM controls (SMD = 2.41, 95% CI = 0.52–4.29, p= .01). The sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study had significantly influenced the overall outcome. Conclusions The results indicate that maternal serum/plasma adropin concentrations were significantly higher in GDM patients as compared to non-GDM controls suggesting the potential associations of adropin in GDM. Despite this, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic, diagnostic and prognostic roles of trimester-wise adropin levels in GDM and associated fetal outcomes.