Adrenalectomy For Primary Aldosteronism Research Articles

Predicting the resolution of hypertension following adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: Controversies and unresolved issues a narrative review.

Hypertension resolution following adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) remains a criticalclinical challenge. Identifying preoperatively which patients will become normotensive is both a priority and a pointof contention. In this narrative review, we explore the controversies and unresolved issues surrounding theprediction of hypertension resolution after adrenalectomy in PA. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published between 1954 and 2024 thatevaluated all studies that discussed predictive models for hypertension resolution post-adrenalectomy in PApatients. Databases searched included MEDLINE®, Ovid Embase, and Web of Science databases. The review identified several predictors and predictive models of hypertension resolution, including female sex,duration of hypertension, antihypertensive medication, and BMI. However, inconsistencies in study designs andpatient populations led to varied conclusions. Although certain predictors and predictive models of hypertension resolution post-adrenalectomy in PA patients aresupported by evidence, significant controversies and unresolved issues remain. While the current predictivemodels provide valuable insights, there is a clear need for further research in this area. Future studies should focuson validating and refining these models.

A New Disease Severity Score for Measuring Treatment Response to Adrenalectomy in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism

ObjectiveCure after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism has been reported in only 15% to 40% of patients, with no disease severity score available to measure response objectively. Furthermore, the criteria used to define cure are outdated. This study aims to determine the rate of cure based on the current definition of normal blood pressure and develop a disease severity score to measure clinical improvement after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. MethodsThis was a retrospective single-center study that included patients who underwent adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism between 2000 and 2023. Blood pressure, a defined daily dose of antihypertensives, and potassium supplementation were incorporated into a new Primary Aldosteronism Disease Severity Score (PADSS), which was calculated with preoperative and 6-month postoperative parameters. ResultsThe study included 201 patients. Adrenalectomy was guided by adrenal venous sampling in 86.1% of patients. The cure rate per the new definition of normal blood pressure was 7.5% (n = 15). The median PADSS was 16.3 (13.6-19.9) preoperatively and decreased to 10 (4.5-13.3) postoperatively. An improvement of the PADSS was observed in 90% (n = 180) of patients at 6 months of adrenalectomy. The median rate of improvement in PADSS was 33.3% (13.8% to 56.6%). ConclusionsAlthough complete cure rates are low after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism, especially based on the new definition of normal blood pressure, a clinical improvement is seen in the vast majority of patients postoperatively. The newly introduced PADSS can be used to assess the clinical benefit achieved with adrenalectomy.

Clinical and biochemical outcomes after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism in tertiary and quaternary referral centers: data from SOPRANO study.

Hypertension cure following adrenalectomy in unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) remains uncertain. Previous meta-analyses have shown highly variable surgical outcomes. Our study aimed to determine the unknown proportion of complete clinical and biochemical success in tertiary and quaternary referral centers. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting surgical outcomes of unilateral PA patients within the Surgical Outcome of PRimary Aldosteronism progNostic mOdels (SOPRANO) study. From 27 publications we identified 32 eligible studies, of which 22 were judged to be at low risk of bias. Eighteen were single-center studies, while fourteen were multi-center studies, with patients recruited from 132 referral centers worldwide. Adrenalectomy was performed on 5887 patients, with 4861 (83%) included in the final analysis. The pooled estimates of complete clinical and biochemical success for all studies were 39% (95% CI: 34-44%) and 99% (95% CI: 96-99%), respectively, similar to that found for studies at low risk of bias. Multivariate meta-regression analyses for all studies and low-bias risk studies revealed that BMI (P < 0.01), recruitment time period (P < 0.01), and hypertension duration (P < 0.05) inversely correlated with complete clinical success, while BMI (P < 0.05) and the number of enrolled centers (P < 0.05) inversely correlated with complete biochemical success. In summary, our findings offer robust estimates of complete clinical and biochemical success rates following adrenalectomy for unilateral PA in tertiary and quaternary referral centers and identify new potential effect modifiers that can help clinicians to inform and counsel patients about post-surgery expectations, guaranteeing effective treatment and ultimately enhancing outcomes.

Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism and its related surgical characteristics.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Adrenalectomy is an effective treatment for unilateral PA, particularly aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), resulting in improvements in biochemical parameters and blood pressure in the vast majority of patients. The article provides a comprehensive overview of PA, focusing on the outcomes of adrenalectomy for PA and the factors that may suggest prognostic implications. Analysis of the outcome of different PA patients undergoing adrenalectomy in terms of preoperative factors, vascular and adipose conditions, type of pathology, and somatic variants. In addition, it is recommended to use the histopathology of primary aldosteronism (HISTALDO) consensus to classify the patient's pathological type, with classical and nonclassical pathological types showing a different prognosis and possibly being associated with an unresected contralateral adrenal gland. The primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) consensus sets uniform standards for postoperative outcomes in unilateral PA, but its setting of thresholds remains controversial. Partial adrenalectomy shows similar surgical results and fewer postoperative complications than total adrenalectomy, but there is a risk of missing the true source of abnormal aldosterone secretion. Steroid profiling and functional imaging techniques offer alternative options to adrenal vein sampling (AVS) for unilateral and bilateral judgments in patients with PA. A combination of factors is needed to predict the prognosis of PA patients undergoing adrenalectomy in order to manage patient expectations of the outcome of the procedure and to closely monitor blood pressure and biochemical parameters in patients who suggest a poorer prognosis.

Abstract P301: Predicting Complete Resolution Of Hypertension After Adrenalectomy In Primary Aldosteronism: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Prognostic Models. Surgical Outcome of PRimary Aldosteronism progNostic mOdels (SOPRANO) Study

Background: Unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common surgically curable form of hypertension, despite complete clinical success after adrenalectomy being far from certain. Several presurgical factors were associated with complete resolution of hypertension (CRH). However, it remains unclear which of the available prognostic models combining those factors can be used in clinical practice to predict blood pressure-related outcomes after surgery for PA. Objectives: To identify, describe and appraise all prognostic models developed to predict CRH, and meta-analyse their predictive performances. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, for development and validation studies of prognostic models according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The quality assessment used adapted TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) and PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool) criteria. After selection, we extracted descriptive statistics and aggregated area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) using meta-analysis. Results: From 25 eligible studies, we identified 12 prognostic models used for predicting CRH after total adrenalectomy in PA. We report the results for three models that had available data from at least three external validation studies: the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) score (AUC: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.86; 95% predictive interval [PI]: 0.04–1.00), Utsumi nomogram (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72–0.85; 95% PI: 0.03–1.00), and the Aldosteronoma Resolution Score (ARS) model (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.74–0.80; 95% PI: 0.59–0.86 for all studies and AUC: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75–0.85; 95% PI: 0.57–0.93 for the studies with the same adrenal vein sampling-guided adrenalectomy rate compared to the models meta-analyzed). Conclusions: The PASO score, Utsumi nomogram, and ARS model showed good and comparable discrimination performance to predict CRH after unilateral adrenalectomy in PA. However, unlike the ARS model, the number of external validation studies for the PASO score and the Utsumi nomogram was relatively low to draw definite conclusions.

Surgery for Primary Aldosteronism in France From 2010 to 2020 - Results from the French-Speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE): Eurocrine Study Group.

Describe the diagnostic workup and postoperative results for patients treated by adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism in France from 2010 to 2020. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the underlying cause of hypertension in 6% to 18% of patients. French and international guidelines recommend CT-scan and adrenal vein sampling as part of diagnostic workup to distinguish unilateral PA amenable to surgical treatment from bilateral PA that will require lifelong antialdosterone treatment.Adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism has been associated with complete resolution of hypertension (no antihypertensive drugs and normal ambulatory blood pressure) in about one-third of patients and complete biological success in 94% of patients.These results are mainly based on retrospective studies with short follow-up and aggregated patients from various international high-volume centers. Here we report results from the French-Speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) using the Eurocrine® Database. Over 11 years, 385 patients from 10 medical centers were eligible for analysis, accounting for >40% of adrenalectomies performed in France for primary aldosteronism over the period.Preoperative workup was consistent with guidelines for 40% of patients. Complete clinical success (CCS) at the last follow-up was achieved in 32% of patients, and complete biological success was not sufficiently assessed.For patients with 2 follow-up visits, clinical results were not persistent at 1 year for one-fifth of patients.Factors associated with CCS on multivariate analysis were body mass index, duration of hypertension, and number of antihypertensive drugs. These results call for an improvement in thorough preoperative workup and long-term follow-up of patients (clinical and biological) to early manage hypertension and/or PA relapse.

The Impact of Obesity on the Resolution of Hypertension Following Adrenalectomy for Primary Hyperaldosteronism

BackgroundThis study aims to determine the impact of patient obesity on the resolution of hypertension and pill burden post-adrenalectomy for PA. Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension that may be remedied with surgery (unilateral adrenalectomy). Obesity may independently cause hypertension through several mechanisms including activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway. The influence of obesity on the efficacy of adrenalectomy in PA has not been established.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients undergoing adrenalectomy for PA at a single, tertiary-care surgical centre from January 2015 to December 2020. Electronic health records of patients were screened to collect relevant data. The primary outcomes of the study include post-operative blood pressure, the reduction in the number of anti-hypertensive medications and potassium supplementation burden post-adrenalectomy.ResultsFifty-three patients were included in the final analysis. There was a significant reduction in the blood pressure and the number of anti-hypertensive medications in all patients after adrenalectomy (p < 0.001). Of the 34 patients (64.2%) with pre-operative hypokalaemia, all became normokalaemic and were able to stop supplementation. However obese patients required more anti-hypertensive medications to achieve an acceptable blood pressure than overweight or normal BMI patients (p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender and BMI were independent predictors of resolution of hypertension (p <0.01).ConclusionUnilateral adrenalectomy improves the management of hypertension and hypokalaemia when present in patients with PA. However, obesity has an independent deleterious impact on improvement in blood pressure post-adrenalectomy for PA.

Prognostic models to predict complete resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Complete resolution of hypertension (CRH) after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is far from a certainty. Although several prognostic models have been proposed to predict outcome after adrenalectomy, studies have not clarified which of the available models can be used reliably in clinical practice.To identify, describe and appraise all prognostic models developed to predict CRH, and meta-analyse their predictive performances.We searched MEDLINE, Embaseand Web of Science for development and validation studies of prognostic models. After selection, we extracted descriptive statistics and aggregated area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) using meta-analysis.From 25 eligible studies, we identified 12 prognostic models used for predicting CRH after total adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism. We report the results for 3models that had available data from at least 3external validation studies: the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) score (AUC: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.86; 95% predictive interval [PI]: 0.04-1.00), Utsumi nomogram (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72-0.85; 95% PI: 0.03-1.00)and the aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) model (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.74-0.80; 95% PI: 0.59-0.86 for all studies and AUC: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75-0.85; 95% PI: 0.57-0.93 for the studies with the same adrenal vein sampling-guided adrenalectomy rate compared to the models meta-analysed).The PASO score, Utsumi nomogramand ARS model showed comparable discrimination performance to predict CRH in primary aldosteronism. Unlike the ARS model, the number of external validation studies for the PASO score and the Utsumi nomogram was relatively low to draw definite conclusions.

Predictors of successful outcome after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism

Predictors of successful outcome after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism

Prognostic value of contralateral suppression on kidney function after surgery in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) has been associated with decreased kidney function after surgery. It has been proposed that elimination of excess aldosterone unmasks an underlying failure of the kidney function. Contralateral suppression (CLS) is considered a marker of aldosterone excess and disease severity, and the purpose of this study was to assess the hypothesis that CLS would predict change in kidney function after adrenalectomy in patients with PA. Patients with PA referred for adrenal venous sampling (AVS) between May 2011 and August 2021 and who were subsequently offered surgical or medical treatment were eligible for the current study. A total of 138 patients were included and after AVS 85/138 (61.6%) underwent adrenalectomy while 53/138 (38.4%) were treated with MR-antagonists. In surgically treated patients the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was reduced by 11.5 (SD: 18.5) compared to a reduction of 5.9 (SD: 11.5) in medically treated patients (p = .04). Among surgically treated patients, 59/85 (69.4%) were classified as having CLS. After adrenalectomy, patients with CLS had a mean reduction in eGFR of 17.5 (SD: 17.6) compared to an increase of 1.8 (SD: 12.8) in patients without CLS (p < .001). The association between CLS and change in kidney function remained unchanged in multivariate analysis. Post-surgery, 16/59 (27.1%) patients with CLS developed hyperkalemia compared to 2/26 (7.7%) in patients without CLS (p = .04). This retrospective study found that CLS was a strong and independent predictor of a marked reduction of eGFR and an increased risk of hyperkalemia after adrenalectomy in patients with PA.

Lateralization in 11 C-Metomidate PET and outcome of adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism.

Subtype classification method is essential when considering adrenalectomy as a possible treatment for primary aldosteronism. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate surgical outcomes of primary aldosteronism in patients who had undergone 11 C-metomidate positron emission tomography (11 C-MTO-PET) for subtype classification. Postoperative clinical and biochemical cure and histopathological diagnosis from biobank samples were retrospectively evaluated in 44 patients who had all undergone preoperative 11 C-MTO-PET with or without adrenal venous sampling (AVS). We compared those operated based on 11 C-MTO-PET alone and those with concordant or discordant lateralization in 11 C-MTO-PET and AVS studies according to postoperative immunohistochemical findings and biochemical and clinical cure. Adrenalectomy side was based on 11 C-MTO-PET alone in 14 cases and on AVS in 30 cases of whom 42 achieved complete and two partial biochemical cures. Among those who underwent AVS and were operated according to it, the two lateralization methods were concordant in 22 cases and discordant in 8 cases. Similar immunohistochemical profiles and cure rates were seen after 11 C-MTO-PET alone or AVS-based operations. Respectively, those with concordant or discordant 11 C-MTO-PET and AVS lateralization did not differ in surgical outcome. Together, we found errors of lateralization diagnostics with 11 C-MTO-PET in 18% and with AVS in 3% among those eligible for adrenal surgery. Outcomes of adrenalectomy based on clinically significant lateralization in 11 C-MTO-PET alone correspond to those based on 11 C-MTO-PET with concordant AVS lateralization. However, our results suggest that diagnosis of unilateral PA should be performed with caution with 11 C-MTO-PET in case of discordant lateralization studies.

Predictive factors of clinical success after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unilateral adrenalectomy is the mainstay treatment for unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). This meta-analysis aimed to systematically analyse predictors of clinical success after unilateral adrenalectomy in PA. A search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from their inception to February 2022. Observational studies in adult PA patients which reported predictors of clinical success after unilateral adrenalectomy were included. A random-effects model was employed to pool the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Thirty-two studies involving 5,601 patients were included. Females had a higher clinical success rate (OR 2.81; 95% CI 2.06-3.83). Older patients, patients with a longer duration of hypertension and those taking a higher number of antihypertensive medications had lower clinical success rates (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99, OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88-0.96 and OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.29-0.67, respectively). Compared to non-clinical success cases, patients with clinical success had a lower body mass index (SMD -0.49 kg/m2; 95% CI-0.58,-0.39), lower systolic (SMD -0.37 mmHg; 95% CI -0.56,-0.18) and diastolic blood pressure (SMD -0.19 mmHg; 95% CI -0.33,-0.06), lower serum potassium (SMD -0.16 mEq/L; 95% CI -0.28,-0.04), higher eGFR (SMD 0.51 mL/min/1.73m2; 95% CI 0.16,0.87), a lower incidence of dyslipidemia (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.15-0.58) and a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.22-0.59). Multiple predictors of clinical success after unilateral adrenalectomy in PA were identified which can help improve the quality of care for PA patients. Systematic Review Registration: INPLASY, identifier 202240129.

Assessing Outcomes After Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism - Early is Accurate: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:We aimed to investigate the postoperative trend in blood pressure (BP)-related outcomes [BP and antihypertensive (AHT) drug use] during the year following adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) to determine the optimal timing for outcome assessment and to determine the necessary follow-up length.Background:Since the course of BP-related outcomes after adrenalectomy is unknown, the optimal timing of outcome assessment and follow-up duration are not clear.Methods:In this retrospective single center cohort study, we used a prospectively collected database with all patients referred for difficult-to-control-hypertension-analysis. All patients diagnosed with PA who underwent adrenalectomy were included. AHT drug use [in defined daily dose (DDD)] and home blood pressure measurements (HBPMs) during the first postoperative year were collected. A mixed-effects model was developed to assess the stability of DDD and HBPM over time and adjust for potential confounders.Results:In total 1784 patients were assessed for difficult-to-control-hypertension of whom 41 were included. Both the DDD and HBPM showed the strongest decrease in the first postoperative month (mean 1.6DDD; mean 140/85 mm Hg) compared with preoperative values (4.5DDD; 153/92 mm Hg). Thereafter, both outcomes showed a stable course from 4 to 6 months (1.6DDD; 136/86 mm Hg) up to 12 months postoperatively (2.0DDD; 136/83 mm Hg).Conclusions:This study showed that AHT drug use and HBPM decreased substantially within the first month after adrenalectomy for PA and afterwards generally remained stable during the year following adrenalectomy. We propose that BP-related outcomes can be assessed reliably early after adrenalectomy and question the need for routine long-term follow-up in referral centers.

Assessment of performance of stratum-specific likelihood ratios of the aldosteronoma resolution score for predicting hypertension cure after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Aldosteronoma Resolution Score (ARS) is the most studied scoring system for predicting the high likelihood of hypertension cure after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). However, the ARS's accuracy in PA patients worldwide is uncertain. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the accuracy, discrimination, and calibration of the ARS using stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR) by organizing available data from cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science to November 2021 according to PRISMA statement. The quality assessment used adapted TRIPOD and PROBAST criteria. Thirteen studies comprising 2158 PA patients from North America (43%), Europe (32%), Asia (22%), and other continents, were included. The pooled estimate of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all studies was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), and the ratio of the observed to expected complete resolution of hypertension (CRH) for all studies was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8-1.0). The summary estimates of the SSLR for all studies were 0.31, 0.89, and 3.1, for the low (ARS 0-1), medium (ARS 2-3), and high-likelihood group (ARS 4-5) of CRH, respectively. However, substantial heterogeneity existed among studies. Follow-up period, and adrenalectomy AVS (adrenal vein sampling)-guided served as potential sources of heterogeneity for quantitative studies, which were measurement and reference standard for qualitative studies selection. In conclusion, in patients with unilateral PA, the ARS is currently an accurate prediction tool, the easiest and cheapest, for identifying long-term high likelihood of CRH after adrenalectomy, particularly when the adrenalectomy is AVS-guided.

DISCRIMINATION, CALIBRATION, AND STRATUM-SPECIFIC LIKELIHOOD RATIOS FOR THE ALDOSTERONOMA RESOLUTION SCORE: A META-ANALYSIS

Objective: The Aldosteronoma Resolution Score (ARS) is the most studied scoring system for predicting the high likelihood of complete resolution of hypertension (CRH) after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA). We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the accuracy, discrimination, and calibration of the ARS using a novel approach to calculation of stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLR). Design and method: We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) to November 2021 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The quality assessment used adapted TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) and PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool) criteria. Results: Thirteen studies comprising 2,158 PA patients from North America (43%), Europe (32%), Asia (22%), and other continents, were included. The pooled estimate of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all studies was 0.77 (95% CI 0.73–0.81), and the ratio of the observed to expected CRH for all studies was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8–1.0). The summary estimates of the SSLR for all studies were 0.3, 0.9, and 3.1, for the low (ARS 0–1), medium (ARS 2–3), and high-likelihood group (ARS 4–5) of CRH, respectively. For studies with a mean follow-up closest to 6, 12, and 36 months, the likelihood ratios were 0.3, 0.8, and 2.6; 0.3, 0.7, and 3.9; and 0.3, 1.8, and 7.0, respectively. When we compared studies that had performed adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in at least 50% of the cohort (mean 77% vs. 38%), the ARS model’s accuracy doubled in the high-likelihood group (ARS 4–5) and tripled in the only study in which all patients were underwent AVS (Figure). Conclusions: In patients with unilateral PA, the ARS is currently the easiest, cheapest, and accurate prediction tool for identifying the long-term high likelihood of CRH after adrenalectomy, particularly when the adrenalectomy is AVS-guided.

A combination of laparoscopic approach and ERAS pathway optimizes outcomes and cost for adrenalectomy.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway comprises a set of comprehensive elements which have been reported to enhance patient postoperative prognosis. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ERAS in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenal resection. A retrospective review was performed to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism between the pre-ERAS period and the ERAS era. Data was generated from the traditional surgical period (September 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019) and the ERAS period (September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020), respectively. Forty-seven adrenalectomy patients were enrolled (pre-ERAS, n = 21; ERAS, n = 26) in analysis. The results revealed that both total length of hospital stay and postoperative length of stay decreased in the ERAS period compared with the pre-ERAS period (14.19 ± 4.96 vs 11.27 ± 4.37, p = 0.015; 5.43 ± 1.08 vs 3.31 ± 0.97, p < 0.001). The medical expenses decreased significantly in the ERAS group (p < 0.05). While, the surgery-related complications, including urinary retention, retroperitoneal effusion and gastrointestinal discomfort, possessed no statistical difference. The ERAS pathway was safe and feasible for adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism. The ERAS could promote patients to quickly recover from the postoperative status to a physiological state, and decrease the length of hospitalization and medical cost after surgery.

A simplified primary aldosteronism surgical outcome score is a useful prediction model when target organ damage is unknown – Retrospective cohort study

BackgroundCure of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is no certainty and therefore preoperative patient counseling is essential. The Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) Score is a useful prediction model with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.839. The PASO Score includes ‘Target Organ Damage’ (TOD) (i.e., left ventricular hypertrophy and/or microalbuminuria), which is often unavailable during preoperative counseling and might therefore limit its use in clinical practice. We hypothesized that the PASO score would still be useful if TOD is unknown at time of counseling. Therefore, we aimed to examine the predictive performance of the simplified PASO Score, without taking TOD into account. Materials and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy between 2010 and 2016 in 16 medical centers from North America, Europe and Australia were included. TOD was unknown in our database and therefore assigned as absent. Patients were classified as complete, partial or absent clinical success using the PASO consensus criteria. ResultsA total of 380 (73.9%) patients were eligible for analysis. Complete, partial and absent clinical success were observed in 29.5%, 55.8% and 14.7% of patients, respectively. The simplified PASO Score had an AUC of 0.730 (95% confidence interval 0.674–0.785) in our total cohort. ConclusionWithout taking TOD into account, the simplified PASO Score had a lower predictive value as compared to the original derivation cohort. Ideally, the complete PASO Score should be used, but when data on TOD are not readily available, the simplified PASO Score is a useful and reasonable alternative.

Outcome and predictive factors of hypertension recovery after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism

Outcome and predictive factors of hypertension recovery after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary hyperaldosteronism

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: The role of surgical adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism is common and contributes to adverse cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes. When instituted early and effectively, targeted therapies can mitigate these adverse outcomes. Surgical adrenalectomy is among the most effective treatments because it has the potential to cure, or attenuate the severity of, pathologic aldosterone excess, resulting in a host of biochemical and clinical changes that improve health outcomes. Herein, we review the role of surgical adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism while emphasizing the physiologic ramifications of surgical intervention, and compare these to other targeted medical therapies for primary aldosteronism. We specifically review the role of curative adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism, the role of non-curative adrenalectomy for bilateral primary aldosteronism, and how these interventions influence biochemical and clinical outcomes in relation to medical therapies for primary aldosteronism.

Long-term outcome success after operative treatment for primary aldosteronism

BackgroundPrimary aldosteronism is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Resolution of hypertension and hypokalemia after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is variable. This study examines preoperative factors for persistent hypertension and long-term outcome after laparoscopic adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism. MethodsWe reviewed all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for adrenal tumors from 2010 to 2018. Biochemical success was defined as normalization of hypokalemia and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio. Clinical success was defined as normalization of blood pressure requiring no antihypertensive medications. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were used. ResultsOf 202 patients who underwent unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 37 (18%) had biochemical and clinical confirmation of primary aldosteronism. Postoperatively, biochemical success was attained in all 37 patients with primary aldosteronism. Complete, partial, and absent clinical success was achieved in 41%, 38%, and 21% of patients, respectively. Number of antihypertensives (odds ratio, 2.30 per medication; 95% confidence interval, 1.07−4.93; P < .05), duration of hypertension (odds ratio, 1.11 per year; 95% confidence interval, 1.03−1.25; P < .05), and increased body mass index (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.01−1.29; P < .05) were preoperative factors associated with absent clinical success. ConclusionBiochemical success is more common than clinical resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. The number of antihypertensive medications, longstanding hypertension, and high body mass index are preoperative factors associated with absent clinical success.