Adper Single Bond Universal Research Articles

30-Month performance of a 10-MDP based universal adhesive system under mechanical and biological perspectives

Strategies towards the long-term durability of dentin-adhesive interface is the goal of many investigations. As the universal dentin bonding systems (DBS) represents a promissory category, other approaches seem to be refrained. Besides their chemical capacity to bond to dentin, their ability in terms of suppression of dentin metalloproteinases of matrix at the interface is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term adhesive performance and gelatinolytic activity effect of a 10-MDP-based universal DBS compared with 2 % chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) as control to connect the understanding of mechanical and biological mechanisms. For this, bond strength to dentin (μTBS) and in situ zymography (Z) at initial, 6-month, and 30-month aging times were run. 102 sound human molars were randomized according to DBS: Adper Single Bond 2 – (SB - MDP-free control); Adper Single Bond Universal in etch-and-rinse (SUER) and self-etching (SUSE) modes. They were subdivided according to dentin pretreatment: W- water or CHX-2% (30s-passive application). The specimens were restored according to the manufacturer's instructions. For μTBS (n = 12), beams (0.64 mm2) were obtained and tested (500N/0.5 mm/min). For Z (n = 5), 0.1 mm-thick slices were incubated with fluorescein-conjugated gelatin (24h/37 °C) and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). At 6-month, CHX effectiveness was observed in some circumstances under both tests. However, 30-month assessments evidenced no difference neither among the groups regardless of DBSs nor pretreatment for all comparisons, despite some peculiarities detected under Z. It is concluded that the 10-MDP universal DBS present limited action over the proteolytic action.

Impact of functional monomers, bioactive particles, and HEMA, on the adhesive performance of self-etch adhesive systems applied to simulated altered dentin

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate how self-etching/universal dental adhesive systems (DASs) with differing compositions interact with sound (S), post-radiotherapy (irradiated; I), and artificially eroded (E) dentin in terms of bonding properties. Methods: The DASs tested were Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose (MP; control), Clearfil SE Bond (SE), FL Bond II (FL), Adper Single Bond Universal (SU) and BeautiBond Xtreme (BX). They were analyzed for initial and 6-month microtensile bond strength (µTBS, n = 12), mode of failure (40 x), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface wettability (W, n = 10), and degree of conversion (DC, n = 3) via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Normal and homogeneous distribution of the data allowed their analyses through ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results: All DASs except BX exhibited higher µTBS for S decreasing for I and E. BX demonstrated the greatest stability among the altered substrates. FL showed the most hydrophobic properties, likely due to its bioactive components. Universal DASs achieved higher DC, regardless of composition. Conclusions: HEMA-free formulation combined with carboxylic and phosphoric acids in BX, achieved the most stable performance for altered substrates. Clinical SignificanceSince radiotherapy and erosion affect dentin, their characteristics compromise adhesive performance and impair the achievement of durable and satisfactory restorations. The use of universal adhesives less dependent on calcium seems less susceptible to hydrolytic degradation and may be a promising option for maintaining adhesive stability over time.

Twenty-month Performance of a Universal Bonding System on Simulated-challenged Dentin Substrates Pretreated with Chlorhexidine.

Since the use of dentin antiproteolytic agents with universal adhesives (UAs) can potentially degrade the bonding interface, this study evaluated bond strengths with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) on variously altered dentin surfaces for up to 20 months. Human molar specimens (n=20) were categorized by substrates as S=sound, E=eroded, and C=carious, and by pretreatment as W=water or CHX. These specimens were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing at 24 hours, 6 months, and 20 months, after 30 seconds of pretreatment with CHX or W, followed by self-etching and bonding (Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE). Modes of failure were assessed using optical microscopy (40×) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's statistical tests (α=0.05). Substrate (p<0.001), pre-treatment (p=0.0413), and time (p<0.0001) were statistically significant. The sound-dentin group in initial time (W=39.27/CHX=40.55) yielded the higher μTBS values (MPa) in comparison with altered substrates pre-treated with CHX (E-CHX=19.84; C-CHX=18.24) after 20 months, which showed the lowest values. Under SEM analysis, heterogeneous patterns appeared in the hybrid layer of the CHX-treated group, particularly in the altered substrates. Bond strength to dentin decreased over a period of 20 months using UA with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) in self-etching mode. Substrates altered by erosion or caries have impaired adhesion and associated clinical use of UA with MDP and CHX should be avoided.

Sodium trimetaphosphate combined to calcium as a strategy to improve dentin-bonding interface

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of STMP as biomimetic analog of dentin matrix onthe dentin bond strength submitted to artificial cariogenic challenge over time. Material and Methods: The totalnumber of teeth used in the experiment was 60 teeth, which were divided into 6 groups (n = 10). Of these totalamount, 10 teeth were not submitted to the artificial cariogenic challenge (ACC), serving as control group (SoundDentin - SD) while the other 50 were submitted to an ACC (7d/37ºC), being treated with treatment solutionsaccording to each group: SD- deionized water/sound dentin, CD- deionized water/ artificial caries dentin, GIIISTMP,GIV- STMP + Ca(OH)2, GV- STMP + NaF, and GVI- NaF. After treatments (24h), the specimens wererestored (Adper Single Bond Universal + Filtek Z250), to obtain resin–dentin sticks with a cross sectional area of0.8mm2, approximately. Two-third of these sticks were stored in artificial saliva (37°C) for analyzes after 6 and12 months. The 1/3 remains were subjected to mTBS test (baseline). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVAand Tukey tests (p&lt;0.05). Results: In general, the highest mTBS values were obtained in sound condition(SD), while the artificial caries condition (CD) determined minimum values. Groups treated with NaF (with orwithout STMP- GV and GVI) were not able to improve adhesion over time. Only the use of STMP + Ca(OH)2(GIV) improved the mTBS compared to the others caries-challenged dentin after 1 year. The adhesive failurepattern was predominant in all time. Conclusion: The use of the STMP associated with Ca(OH)2 seems to be aviable therapeutic strategy conciliating the biomimetizing capacity to the adhesive process satisfactorily even itsperformance is not superior to initial condition.KEYWORDSDentin; Dental adhesive; Protease inhibitors.

Performance of a Universal Bonding System Associated With 2% Digluconate Chlorhexidine in Carious and Eroded Dentin.

Carious and eroded dentin represent clinical challenges. The use of a universal bonding system, in a self-etching mode, associated with chlorhexidine (CHX) seems to not improve its longevity. This may be attributed to the competition for calcium between the bonding agent functional monomer and CHX.

Effect antioxidants application on microshear bond strength of universal adhesive to bleached enamel

Purpose: To evaluate, in vitro, the influence of antioxidants (green tea extract - GT and sodium ascorbate - SA) on microshear bond strength (?SBS) of a universal adhesive system – self-etching mode (UAS) to bleached enamel. Material and Methods: After obtaining 50 fragments of human dental enamel (4 mm x 4 mm), forty fragments were submitted to at-home bleaching technique using 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF, Ultradent) for two hours/day, for four weeks. They were randomly divided in four groups (n=10): GT - 10% aqueous GT solution (60 minutes); SA - 10% SA solution (10 minutes); Negative control - no antioxidant agent, immediately restored; PC1 (positive control 1) - no antioxidant agent, restored 14 days the bleaching procedure. Ten enamel fragments were assigned to PC2 group (positive control 2), in which the adhesive procedures were realized in non-bleached enamel. The UAS (Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied on enamel surface according to manufacturer’s instructions and two cylinders (0,8 mm diameter) of nanoparticulate composite resin (Z350, 3M ESPE) were made on each sample. After 24 hours, the cylinders were submitted to ?SBS in a universal test machine (0.5 mm/min). Fracture mode was evaluated in stereomicroscope (40x magnification). SBS data, in MPa, was submitted to one-way ANOVA (?=0,05). Results: There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups (p=0,545). The fracture mode demonstrated that there was predominance of adhesive fracture in all groups. Conclusion: Neither the bleaching procedure nor the application of antioxidants to bleached enamel interfered in the bond strength of the tested universal adhesive system. KEYWORDS Antioxidants; Dental bleaching; Shear strength.

Performance of MDP-based system in eroded and carious dentin associated with proteolytic inhibitors: 18-Month exploratory study

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the interaction between an MDP-based universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse mode and two proteolytic inhibitors on the longevity of restorations bonded to artificially-affected-dentin substrates. 90 sound human third molars were randomly distributed into three groups according to the substrate: N-no challenges-control (stored in artificial saliva), ACD-artificial caries dentin (6 h DE + 18 h-RE/5 days + 48 h RE) and ERO-artificial erosion dentin (3 × 5 min/5 days with orange juice). They were further redistributed according to dentin pretreatment: W- water (control), CHX-2% digluconate chlorhexidine and E64- 5 μM E64-Trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-Leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane, which resulted in the following 9 groups (n = 10): N–W, N-CHX, N-E64, ACD-W, ACD-CHX, ACD-E64, ERO-W, ERO-CHX and ERO-E64. All specimens were restored with Adper Single Bond Universal (Etch-and-rinse mode)/Filtek Z250. Sticks (0.64 mm2) were obtained and subjected to microtensile test (μTBS) in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min for 7-days, 6 and 18-month analyses. Failure modes were classified using optical microscopy (40X). Data were statistically analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). All individual factors (p < 0.0001) and interaction between factors were statistically significant (substrate X pretreatment (p = 0.00093); substrate X time (p = 0.01035) and pretreatment X time (p = 0.0035). Caries-affected substrate was the most compromised one, disregarding the pretreatment. CHX was mostly affected compared with E64 up to 18 months, possibly due to its calcium-dependent mechanism.

Profile of a 10-MDP-based universal adhesive system associated with chlorhexidine: Dentin bond strength and in situ zymography performance

The incorporation of functional monomers and proteolytic inhibitors into adhesive systems have shown to be promising strategies to improve the longevity of adhesive restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term bonding performance and anti-gelatinolytic effect of a 10-MDP-based universal adhesive system applied in combination with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). For that, this study assessed the resin-dentin bond strength and the in situ gelatinolytic activity profile at the adhesive interface at initial and after 6 month of storage. One hundred and two sound human third molars were prepared and randomly divided into 3 groups according to the adhesive strategy: SB (two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive, Adper Single Bond 2, 10-MDP-free control group); SU-ER (Adper Single Bond Universal, 10-MDP containing universal adhesive applied on etch-and-rinse mode); and SU-SE (SU applied on self-etching mode). The groups were subdivided into two according to the dentin pretreatment: W - water or CHX- 2% chlorhexidine digluconate aqueous solution (SB–W; SB-CHX; SU-ER-W; SU-ER-CHX; SU-SE-W; SU-SE-CHX) and subsequently restored according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bond strength (n = 12) was assessed by a microtensile test (μTBS) (500N/0.5 mm/min) after 24h or after 6 months of storage. In situ zymography was performed to evaluate anti-gelatinolytic activity (n = 5). Resin-dentin samples were incubated with fluorescein-conjugated gelatin for 24 h at 37 °C and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fluorescence indicating gelatinolytic activity at hybrid layer zone and adjacencies was quantified using Image J. Data was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: SU-SE showed the highest bond strength values, while similar results were observed for SU-ER and SB. No statistical significant differences were observed between pretreatment (CHX vs. W) or storage time (initial vs. 6 months of aging). For in situ zymography, fluorescence was detected in all groups and CHX pre-treatment was able to inhibit the gelatinolytic activity in all conditions. The 10-MDP-based universal adhesive system in self-etching mode was the strategy that showed the best bonding performance irrespective of its combination with chlorhexidine. Pre-treatment with CHX did not impair the bond strength when used in combination with 10-MDP and it may promote collagen stability overtime.

Effect of thermo-mechanical cycling and chlorhexidine on the bond strength of universal adhesive system to dentin

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the influence of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on the bond strength (BS) of a universal adhesive system (UAS - Adper Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) to dentin treated or not with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). MethodsEighty human molars were flattened until reach the dentin and separated into 4 groups according to the bonding protocol: ENR Group: 37% phosphoric acid + 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (ENR); UAS Group: UAS in self-etch mode; ENR + CHX Group: 37% phosphoric acid + CHX + ENR; UAS + CHX Group: CHX + UAS in self-etch mode. After treatments, teeth were restored (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE). Samples (n = 10) were submitted to aging process: stored in distilled water at 37°C/30 days or TMC (ERIOS - 98N/1.6Hz + thermal cycling 5/37/55 °C - 1,200,000 cycles). Specimens were sectioned into sticks (1.0 mm2) and submitted to the microtensile test (Mechanical Test Machine - 0.5 mm/min). Fracture patterns and hybrid layer integrity were analyzed under Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). ResultsThe BS results (3-way ANOVA, Bonferroni's test, α = 5%) showed that groups treated with CHX presented higher BS values than control groups; significant in all cases (p < .05), except for ENR submitted to TMC (p > .05). When CHX was applied and samples were cycled, UAS revealed higher BS (p < .05) than ENR. After TMC, cohesive fractures increased for UAS, regardless of CHX application. SEM analysis demonstrated different hybridization patterns for the adhesive systems tested. ConclusionThe performance of the universal adhesive system used in self-etch mode was better than that of the 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system. Clinical significanceUniversal adhesive systems have been developed in order to simplify the dentin hybridization protocol. It is important to determine the longevity of the adhesive interface using these bonding materials after chewing.

A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-Generation Self-etch Dentin Bonding Agents in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

ABSTRACTAimTo compare the shear bond strength of seventh- and eight-generation self-etch dentin bonding agents in primary teeth using universal testing machine.Materials and methodsForty extracted sound human primary molars were collected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 sample each. Shear bond strength of seventh-generation bonding agent [ADPER Single Bond Universal, (group II)] and eighth-generation bonding agent [Futurabond DC, VOCO Germany, (group I)] were calculated by using Universal Testing Machine (PTC/O83/ME, INSTRON, USA) and expressed in megapascals (MPa). Recorded data were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis using Student's t test.ResultsThe mean shear bond strength of group I (eighth-generation dentin bonding agent) and group II (seventh-generation dentin bonding agent) ranged from 22.10 to 37.10 MPa and 19.80 to 30.30 MPa, respectively Student's t test showed significantly different and higher (8.7%) shear bond strength in group I when compared to group II (p value = 0.017).ConclusionShear bond strength of eighth-generation dentin bonding agent (Futurabond DC) was better than seventh-generation dentin bonding agent (Adper Single Bond Universal).Clinical significanceAn effective bond to tooth would reduce marginal microleakage, bacterial penetration, postoperative sensitivity, possibility of pulpal inflammation, and preserve tooth structure by allowing minimal cavity preparation.How to cite this articleMishra A, Koul M, Upadhyay VK, et al. A Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Self-etch Dentin Bonding Agents in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(3):225–229.

Interaction effect of Nd:YAG laser and universal adhesive system for dentin sealing.

BackgroundTo evaluate the influence of the association of the universal adhesive system to different energy densities of the Nd:YAG laser on the hydraulic conductance of dentin. Material and MethodsFifty bovine dentin discs were made. The samples were stratified into four groups (n = 10) according to the treatment performed; SBU- Adper Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE), SBU_60 - SBU associated with the Nd:YAG laser (60mJ, 10Hz, 0.6W - 47.77 J / cm²), SBU_80 - SBU associated with the Nd:YAG laser (80mJ, 10Hz, 0.8 W - 63.69 J / cm2) and C – dentin without treatment (smear layer). Hydraulic conductance measurements were taken 24 hours after the treatments (HC1) and after erosive challenge (HC2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) helped to visualize the dentin after the different treatments. Scheffe and Games-Howell statistical tests were used to analyze hydraulic conductance (α = 0.05). ResultsThe treated dentin (SBU, SBU_60, and SBU_80) reduced HC1 when compared to dentin with smear layer (C) (p< 0.001). The erosive challenge has increased HC2 in SBU_60 and C (p< 0.001), and did not promote a significant difference in SBU_80 and SBU. The SEM / EDX analyzes showed an irregular and semi-permeable barrier on the surfaces of the treated dentin. ConclusionsThe association of universal adhesive with Nd:YAG can be an effective alternative for the occlusion of dentinal tubules, whereas higher energy per pulse Nd:YAG (SBU_80) can increase the resistance to permeability when exposed to the erosive challenge. Key words:Dentin, permeability of dentin, Nd:YAG Laser, adhesives.

Effect of silane-containing universal adhesive on push-out bond strength of glass fiber post to composite resin and to resin cement/intraradicular dentin

This in vitro study aimed at evaluating the effect of glass-fiber post (GFP) surface treatment with a silane-containing universal adhesive and/or a silane coupling agent on push-out bond strength to dual cure resin cement/dentin (Experiment 1) and to resin composite (Experiment 2). Methods: For Experiment 1, sixty human premolar root canals were prepared to receive GFP cementation. Then an adhesive system was applied, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The GFPs (Reforpost no. 2, Angelus) were randomly divided into 2 groups, according to application or non-application of a silane coupling agent for 60 seconds (Prosil, FGM). Each group was further divided into 3 groups, according to the adhesive system to be applied to the GFP surface (n = 10): 1. SBU - silane-containing universal adhesive (Adper Single Bond Universal Adhesive, 3M ESPE); 2. ASB2 – etch-and-rinse adhesive system not containing silane in its composition (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); 3. CG (control group) – no treatment. Cementation of GFPs to intraradicular dentin was performed with dual-cure conventional resin cement (Rely X ARC/ 3M ESPE). After 48 h, the roots were cross-sectioned at three different depths, resulting in serial slices corresponding to the cervical, middle and apical root thirds. For Experiment 2, surface-treated GFPs (n=10) were centered in a plastic matrix in which the resin composite (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M ESPE) was incrementally inserted and light-cured. Slices were obtained, as in Experiment 1. Push-out bond strength testing was performed on a universal machine (0.5 mm/min crosshead speed). Results: In Experiment 1, three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) indicated that the bond strength of GFP to resin cement/intraradicular dentin was not affected by use or nonuse of a silane coupling agent, by application or non-application of an adhesive layer or by the root canal depth (p > 0.05). For Experiment 2, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed that when the GFP received silane pretreatment, bond strength to resin composite was not affected by the application of an adhesive layer to the post. However, when the post was not pretreated with silane, the bond strength was higher for the universal adhesive (p = 0.021). The bond strength to post/resin cement/dentin was unaffected by post silanization or by the application of an adhesive system layer on the post. Bond strength of the post to resin composite was unaffected by adhesive system application, if the post was previously treated with a silane agent. In the absent of post silanization, a universal adhesive containing silane achieved higher bond strength of the post to resin composite.

Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Several Dentin Bonding Agents: Two Different in Vitro Studies

Objective: In this study, we compared the antibacterial effects of several dentin bonding agents with different pH values and active monomers. Method and Materials: Infected dentin samples were obtained from depths of approximately 4-6 mm, from isolated and air-dried dental caries. Streptococcus mitis was isolated and incubated on sheep blood agar plates at 37°C for 18 h. Impregnated antimicrobial disks were used for the liquids, and the samples were grouped as follows: group 1 was a negative control group with nothing applied; group 2 was a positive control group with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate applied; group 3 had Adper Single Bond Universal applied; group 4 had Clearfil SE Bond 2 (including 10-methacryloyloxydodecyl dihydrogen phosphate[MDP]) applied; group 5 had Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (including [MDP])applied; and group 6 had Clearfil Protect Bond (including 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide [MDPB])applied. The antimicrobial disks were inserted into the blood agar plates. Inhibition zones were measured on the plates by well-educated specialists. Results: The 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution had a more extensive inhibition zone than the other groups. S. mitis was significantly inhibited on the MDPB-impregnated disks applied to the agar plates. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that dentin bonding agents including MDPB-containing primer had significant antibacterial effects.

Two-year clinical performance of four adhesive strategies

Objective: To assess the clinical performance of four adhesive strategies; 3-step etch-and-rinse Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SM), 2-step etch-and-rinse (Adper Single Bond-2 [S2]), 2-step self-etch Adper Scotchbond SE (SE) and 1-step self-etch (Adper Single Bond Universal [SU]). Materials and Methods: Eighty cervical cavities exhibiting dentin carious lesions were used. Four adhesives from the same manufacturer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) representing different bonding strategies were used; SM (3-step etch-and-rinse), Adper S2 (2-step etch-and-rinse), SE (2-step self-etch) and SU (1-step self-etch). Cavities were restored with a nanohybrid composite resin (Z-350XT - 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), and clinically followed up for 24 months using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Results: The outcome of Wilcoxon signed rank test showed no significant difference among the groups for each adhesive material at different evaluation periods ( P > 0.05). Furthermore, the Friedman test revealed that there was no significant difference between all materials in all evaluation criteria, except for marginal discoloration at 24-month evaluation period. At 24-month evaluation period, teeth restored with self-etch adhesives showed more marginal staining. Conclusions: The four bonding strategies used in the current study showed an acceptable 2-year clinical performance.