Adoption Of Novel Techniques Research Articles

Methods for Detecting and Classifying Weeds, Diseases and Fruits Using AI to Improve the Sustainability of Agricultural Crops: A Review

The rapid growth of the world’s population has put significant pressure on agriculture to meet the increasing demand for food. In this context, agriculture faces multiple challenges, one of which is weed management. While herbicides have traditionally been used to control weed growth, their excessive and random use can lead to environmental pollution and herbicide resistance. To address these challenges, in the agricultural industry, deep learning models have become a possible tool for decision-making by using massive amounts of information collected from smart farm sensors. However, agriculture’s varied environments pose a challenge to testing and adopting new technology effectively. This study reviews recent advances in deep learning models and methods for detecting and classifying weeds to improve the sustainability of agricultural crops. The study compares performance metrics such as recall, accuracy, F1-Score, and precision, and highlights the adoption of novel techniques, such as attention mechanisms, single-stage detection models, and new lightweight models, which can enhance the model’s performance. The use of deep learning methods in weed detection and classification has shown great potential in improving crop yields and reducing adverse environmental impacts of agriculture. The reduction in herbicide use can prevent pollution of water, food, land, and the ecosystem and avoid the resistance of weeds to chemicals. This can help mitigate and adapt to climate change by minimizing agriculture’s environmental impact and improving the sustainability of the agricultural sector. In addition to discussing recent advances, this study also highlights the challenges faced in adopting new technology in agriculture and proposes novel techniques to enhance the performance of deep learning models. The study provides valuable insights into the latest advances and challenges in process systems engineering and technology for agricultural activities.

Investigating the Challenges of Engineering Project Managers in achieving Sustainability in the UK Construction Industry

Aim: The essential purpose of the current research was to identify the challenges faced by project engineering managers in the UK construction industry while seeking to achieve sustainability.
 Study Design: The current study was built upon six important subjects in order to accomplish this goal. In the current study, the researcher opted to do both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis comprised frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis and was based on data collected through questionnaires.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Bristol United Kingdom for an investigative period of six (6) Months including the research question distribution and collection time as well as the interview and interaction sections with the Construction Project Engineering Managers. 
 Methodology: In light of the nature of the current research, the researcher selected the mixed research design. Mixed research design is the method used to collect data and analyze it using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.
 Results: The major threats in handling the challenges of Project Engineering Management are; A probability of impact of 59.28% and a level of impact of 40.2% for General Project Management(GPM) and Establishing a Climate of trust (ECT) factors both ranked Cost Class 1, Providing a suitable context for development work (PSCDW) factor was ranked as Cost Class 2 having the percentage of occurrence (51.29%) and level of impact (36.67%) , Providing support within the team (PSWT) factor and Taking Responsibility and ownership (TRO) factor were ranked as Cost Class 4 having percentage of occurrence (40.22% and 36.78%) and level of impact (45.75% and 53%) respectively, it was noted, that GPM and ECT can cause a great threat if ignored during engineering project management procedures.
 Conclusion: The study resolved that policies should be put in place to guarantee that advancement in the building sector follows economic integration. It was revealed from the findings of the study that construction is heavily dependent on conventional methods in most rising economies, including the UK, which makes the adoption of novel techniques more challenging and stressful. An important barrier to attaining sustainable construction is clients' and other stakeholders' lack of support for innovative construction techniques.
 The findings further revealed that the implementation of eco-friendly building practices by the construction sector has the tendency to reduce an asset's overall environmental impact and promote sustainable economic growth.

Analytical Study on the Rational Challenges Project Engineering Managers Encounter Prior to Achieving Sustainability in the UK Construction Industries

Aim: The essential purpose of the current research was to identify the challenges faced by project engineering managers in the UK construction industry while seeking to achieve sustainability.
 Study Design: The current study was built upon six important subjects in order to accomplish this goal. In the current study, the researcher opted to do both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis comprised frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis and was based on data collected through questionnaires.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Bristol United Kingdom for an investigative period of six (6) Months including the research question distribution and collection time as well as the interview and interaction sections with the Construction Project Engineering Managers. 
 Methodology: In light of the nature of the current research, the researcher selected the mixed research design. Mixed research design is the method used in collecting and analyzing data by using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.
 Results: The results of the present study showed that effective health and safety management systems are necessary for sustainable construction. However, the UK construction industry lacks these systems. The study also identified lack of education and training as a hindrance. The proper understanding of the project and its processes can only be attained through training and education, and managers have to deal with the problem of being unable to successfully complete sustainable building owing to lack of such resources. However, with the right on-the-job training and efficient monthly meetings that include training and education sessions, this can be improved.
 Conclusion: The study resolved that policies should be put in place to guarantee that advancement in the building sector follows economic integration. It has been revealed from the findings that construction is heavily dependent on conventional methods in most rising economies, including the UK, which makes the adoption of novel techniques more challenging and stressful. An important barrier to attaining sustainable construction is clients' and other stakeholders' lack of support for innovative construction techniques. The findings further revealed that the implementation of eco-friendly building practices by the construction sector has the tendency to reduce an asset's overall environmental impact and promote sustainable economic growth.

Double-edged sword of surgical innovation: ethical issues of early and late adoption of novel techniques.

Double-edged sword of surgical innovation: ethical issues of early and late adoption of novel techniques.

International survey finds majority of gynecologists are not aware of and do not utilize ultrasound techniques to diagnose and map endometriosis.

International survey finds majority of gynecologists are not aware of and do not utilize ultrasound techniques to diagnose and map endometriosis.

V02-12 URETHRA AND EJACULATION PRESERVING ROBOT-ASSITED SIMPLE PROSTATECTOMY: NEAR INFRARED IMAGING-GUIDED MADIGAN TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:With the increasing adoption of novel techniques, the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) provides significant benefits in terms of obstruction rel...

Raman Spectrometric Detection Methods for Early and Non-Invasive Diagnosis ofAlzheimer's Disease.

The continuous increasing rate of patients suffering of Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide requires the adoption of novel techniques for non-invasive early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Here we review the various Raman spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier Transform-Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy, and confocal Raman microspectroscopy, that could be used for the diagnosis of AD. These techniques have shown the potential to detect AD biomarkers, such as the amyloid-β peptide and the tau protein, or the neurotransmitters involved in the disease (e.g., Glutamate and γ-Aminobutyric acid), or the typical structural alterations in specific brain areas. The possibility to detect the specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies and to obtain high resolution 3D microscope images of the affected area make the Raman spectroscopy a valuable ally in the early diagnosis and monitoring of AD.

A review on adoption of novel techniques in construction waste management and policy

The purpose of this study is to review extensively the literatures associated with the adoption of different novel techniques in Construction Waste Management and Policy (CWMP) to find out the state and development of the construction waste stream and to reveal gaps for further investigations through the exploration of several publications which have emphasis on construction waste management. A cross-referencing examination was performed to ensure the comprehensiveness of the study. All references cited by the selected papers were searched manually, and then the titles of potentially related articles were aggregated into an Excel table to avoid replication. Following a systematic evaluation of the retrieved papers, two characteristic classification criteria of the current literatures were revealed as waste management and waste regulatory or policy. The findings show that there is a substantial growth in the number of studies associated with construction waste which attempts to reveal comprehensive results in the adoption of numerous methods from various perspectives. Nevertheless, there are several areas which need further research in both theoretical and intensive approaches in the empirical aspect to experiment the real application of the proposed methods. This study shows that reuse and recycle rates of construction waste is still minimal which continue to impact the environmental well-being. This review presents future direction and research gaps as well as recommendations on CWMP adoption which will be helpful to academics and professionals that are working or intend to operate in the related area.

Adoption of Robotic vs Fluoroscopic Guidance in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is Acetabular Positioning Improved in the Learning Curve?

BackgroundAcetabulum positioning affects dislocation rates, component impingement, bearing surface wear rates, and need for revision surgery. Novel techniques purport to improve the accuracy and precision of acetabular component position, but may have a significant learning curve. Our aim was to assess whether adopting robotic or fluoroscopic techniques improve acetabulum positioning compared to manual total hip arthroplasty (THA) during the learning curve. MethodsThree types of THAs were compared in this retrospective cohort: (1) the first 100 fluoroscopically guided direct anterior THAs (fluoroscopic anterior [FA]) done by a surgeon learning the anterior approach, (2) the first 100 robotic-assisted posterior THAs done by a surgeon learning robotic-assisted surgery (robotic posterior [RP]), and (3) the last 100 manual posterior (MP) THAs done by each surgeon (200 THAs) before adoption of novel techniques. Component position was measured on plain radiographs. Radiographic measurements were taken by 2 blinded observers. The percentage of hips within the surgeons’ “target zone” (inclination, 30°-50°; anteversion, 10°-30°) was calculated, along with the percentage within the “safe zone” of Lewinnek (inclination, 30°-50°; anteversion, 5°-25°) and Callanan (inclination, 30°-45°; anteversion, 5°-25°). Relative risk (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR) were calculated. Variances (square of the standard deviations) were used to describe the variability of cup position. ResultsSeventy-six percentage of MP THAs were within the surgeons’ target zone compared with 84% of FA THAs and 97% of RP THAs. This difference was statistically significant, associated with a RR reduction of 87% (RR, 0.13 [0.04-0.40]; P < .01; ARR, 21%; number needed to treat, 5) for RP compared to MP THAs. Compared to FA THAs, RP THAs were associated with a RR reduction of 81% (RR, 0.19 [0.06-0.62]; P < .01; ARR, 13%; number needed to treat, 8). Variances were lower for acetabulum inclination and anteversion in RP THAs (14.0 and 19.5) as compared to the MP (37.5 and 56.3) and FA (24.5 and 54.6) groups. These differences were statistically significant (P < .01). ConclusionAdoption of robotic techniques delivers significant and immediate improvement in the precision of acetabular component positioning during the learning curve. While fluoroscopy has been shown to be beneficial with experience, a learning curve exists before precision improves significantly.

Safety of Adult Ambulatory Direct Laryngoscopy: Revisits and Complications.

Direct laryngoscopy, once an inpatient procedure, is now commonly performed in the outpatient setting. To ensure that safety follows the adoption of novel techniques and practice patterns, it is important to analyze the complication and revisit rates of these ambulatory surgery practices. To determine revisit rates and complications after ambulatory adult direct laryngoscopy procedures. This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of cases of adult patients who had undergone a direct laryngoscopic procedure extracted from multistate ambulatory surgery and hospital databases (State Ambulatory Surgery Databases for New York, Florida, Iowa, and California for 2010 and 2011). The analysis was performed on December 1, 2014. Index cases were linked to the corresponding State Emergency Department Databases and the State Inpatient Databases for visit encounters occurring within a 7-day postoperative window. All index cases were ambulatory surgery, without overnight stay or 23-hour observation. Adult patients who had undergone a direct laryngoscopy procedure. Direct laryngoscopy performed in an ambulatory setting. Patients who underwent flexible laryngoscopy, lesion destruction, laryngectomy, cordectomy, or a secondary nonlaryngoscopy procedure were specifically excluded. Data regarding sex, age, revisit occurrence with associated complications, and mortality were analyzed. A total of 7743 cases of ambulatory laryngoscopy were identified (mean age, 60.4 years; 61% were male). The 7-day revisit rate was 3.0% (232 revisits). Serious airway complications occurred in 0.27% of cases (n = 21) and accounted for 9.1% of revisits. The rates of other major complications and minor complications were 0.15% (n = 12) and 0.75% (n = 58), respectively. There were no cases of anoxic brain injury. Two deaths occurred at the time of the revisit (7-day mortality rate, 0.03%; 95% CI, 0.01%-0.09%). Adult ambulatory direct laryngoscopy has a favorable safety profile. Serious airway complications occur in fewer than 3 patients per 1000 cases. The risk of death following outpatient laryngoscopy is extremely low. Outpatient laryngoscopy is not universally suited for all patients, and careful preoperative selection and counseling are imperative.

Comprehensive support for nuclear decommissioning based on 3D simulation and advanced user interface technologies

There is an increasing international focus on the need to optimise decommissioning strategies, driven by the anticipation of high costs and major effort for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities in the coming decades. The goals are to control and mitigate costs and negative impacts on workers, the general public, and the environment. The methods presently employed for many decommissioning tasks do not apply the latest advancements of science and technology. Therefore, there is growing interest in research and development into the adoption of novel techniques for improving safety, reducing costs, and increasing transparency.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the authors’ results from investigating how current and emerging technologies can be applied to enhance the international decommissioning strategy, focussing in particular on three-dimensional simulation, virtual reality, advanced user interfaces, mobile and wearable devices, and geographical information systems. Our results demonstrate that emerging technologies have great potential for supporting adoption of new instrumentation, improving data and knowledge management, optimising project plans, briefing and training field operators, and for communication, surveillance, and education in general.