Adoption Of Artificial Insemination Research Articles

A Policy Brief on the Application of Artificial Insemination (AI) in Lanao del Sur

This paper is a policy brief regarding the application of the Artificial Insemination (AI) as a mode of reproductive technology in Lanao del Sur. Lanao del Sur is one of the provinces in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), the dwelling of Meranao tribes who practice Islam as their religion. The province has favorable climatic conditions for agricultural productions both in crops and animals’ production. Lanao del Sur is a landlocked province and is agriculturally rich having a well-suiting climate and extensively arable land, and it has a growing inventory of livestock such as carabao, cattle, goat, duck and chicken. This policy brief was based on the research findings conducted regarding the perceptions and acceptance of the AI among livestock growers. The goal of this policy brief is to provide baseline data about the farmers perceptions on AI and formulate a research-based policy recommendation to help the LGU, implementing agencies and the farmers for effective and efficient implementation of AI program in the province. The6 following are the salient points: 1) Meranao livestock growers’ perceptions about using Artificial Insemination (AI). 2) Capacitating the farmers towards adoption of artificial insemination, and breeding programs. 3) Ensuring efficiency of livestock production among farmers. 4) Increase the livestock production in Lanao del Sur.

Review: Genetic mutations affecting bull fertility.

Cattle are a well-suited "model organism" to study the genetic underpinnings of variation in male reproductive performance. The adoption of artificial insemination and genomic prediction in many cattle breeds provide access to microarray-derived genotypes and repeated measurements for semen quality and insemination success in several thousand bulls. Similar-sized mapping cohorts with phenotypes for male fertility are not available for most other species precluding powerful association testing. The repeated measurements of the artificial insemination bulls' semen quality enable the differentiation between transient and biologically relevant trait fluctuations, and thus, are an ideal source of phenotypes for variance components estimation and genome-wide association testing. Genome-wide case-control association testing involving bulls with either aberrant sperm quality or low insemination success revealed several causal recessive loss-of-function alleles underpinning monogenic reproductive disorders. These variants are routinely monitored with customised genotyping arrays in the male selection candidates to avoid the use of subfertile or infertile bulls for artificial insemination and natural service. Genome-wide association studies with quantitative measurements of semen quality and insemination success revealed quantitative trait loci for male fertility, but the underlying causal variants remain largely unknown. Moreover, these loci explain only a small part of the heritability of male fertility. Integrating genome-wide association studies with gene expression and other omics data from male reproductive tissues is required for the fine-mapping of candidate causal variants underlying variation in male reproductive performance in cattle.

Adoption of Artificial Insemination Among Large Ruminants in Arid Western Rajasthan, India

This study estimated the adoption rate of Artificial Insemination (AI) among large ruminants based on primary data collected from 200 farm households in Jodhpur district from 2019 to 2022. The composition of cow and buffalo population was 74 and 26 per cent in the study villages. 56 per cent farmers in cows and 13 per cent in buffaloes adopted AI with a success rate of conception after first insemination of 31 per cent in cows and 22 per cent in buffaloes. AI cost ranged from Rs. 400-800/- and Rs. 500-1000/- per insemination in cows and buffaloes respectively. Breeding cost through pedigreed bull was comparable to insemination in both cows and buffaloes. Subsistence mode of livestock rearing and natural grazing on community pastures were the main reasons for low adoption rate of AI. Farmers ensured that their buffaloes were sired only through pedigreed bulls. Since, pedigreed bulls were not available in all villages, their availability in villages or at the selected farmers on payment basis is required for genetic improvement of cattle.

Determinants of Adoption of Artificial Insemination for Dairy Production: In Case of Zala Woreda, Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Despite Ethiopia possessing the largest number of livestock in Africa, its benefit to the country and dairy holder farmers was small. Though the government introduced Artificial Insemination (AI) technology to improve this contribution, but the adoption of AI by dairy farmers was still low. The objective of the study was determinant factors affecting adoption of AI technology for dairy farmers in Gofa zone zala woreda. In this study both qualitative and quantitative data from Primary and secondary sources was collected. Survey questionnaires were used to collect raw data from AI adopters and non-adopters. AI adopters were selected by using purposive sampling because all sampled household heads were the only adopters in the study area whereas non-adopters were selected by using random sampling. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and binary regression model were used for analyzing data. A binary logit model was used to analyze the determinants of adoption of AI technology. Totally eleven variables were included in the model of which age of household head, training on AI, and frequency of DA contact were found significant at 1% (P<0.01) probability level. On the other hand household head’s educational level, access to AI information, and distance from AI center were significant at 5% (P<0.05) probability level. Finally an effort should be given by the woreda government and livestock and fishery development office in increasing rural adult education, expanding AI center, strengthening DA's regular contact with dairy farmers, strong and appropriate information should be disseminated and training on AI technology should be given, which widens the knowledge of farmers on the technology.

Technification in Dairy Farms May Reconcile Habitat Conservation in a Brazilian Savanna Region

The assessment of the relationships between farm management systems and nature conservation may help in the design of more efficient strategies to uphold economic benefits and biodiversity conservation. To our knowledge, this is the first work in Brazil to study the relationship between farm conservation status and technification level. Here, we test the hypothesis that dairy farms with higher levels of technification have a higher percentage of natural vegetation and connectivity, and that differences in environment features between farms explain their conservation status. We obtained variables related to the level of technification such as feed, milking, sanitary control and breeding management systems. We show that farmers with a higher level of technification, such as artificial insemination in cattle breeding, tended to conserve a higher percentage of natural vegetation, as well as larger farms with a higher percentage of riparian forest. The adoption of artificial insemination is associated with other technification systems such as a forage diet, milking method and frequency and sanitary control. It is also significantly related to higher milk productivity. Our novel results point to a positive effect of technification on the conservation of natural vegetation, suggesting that economic incentives and programs aimed at increasing technification in cattle breeding may increase dairy production and conservation within the study area. Our findings also show an effect of larger areas of riparian forests, which are protected by Brazilian policy, in the conservation status of dairy farms.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucella Infection in Dairy Animals in Urban and Rural Areas of Bihar and Assam, India.

This study assessed seropositivity of Brucella infection in dairy animals and risk factors associated with it. The cross-sectional study used multi-stage, random sampling in the states of Bihar and Assam in India. In total, 740 dairy animals belonging to 534 households of 52 villages were covered under this study. Serological testing was conducted by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Animal-level Brucella seropositivity was found to be 15.9% in Assam and 0.3% in Bihar. Seropositivity in urban areas (18.7%) of Assam was found to be higher than in rural areas (12.4%). Bihar was excluded from the risk factor analysis, as only one Brucella seropositive sample was detected in the state. A total of 30 variables were studied for assessing risk factors, of which 15 were selected for multivariable regression analyses following a systematic process. Finally, only three risk factors were identified as statistically significant. It was found that animals belonging to districts having smaller-sized herds were less likely (p < 0.001) to be Brucella seropositive than animals belonging to districts having larger-sized herds. Furthermore, the chance of being Brucella seropositive increased (p = 0.007) with the increase in age of dairy animals, but decreased (p = 0.072) with the adoption of artificial insemination (AI) for breeding. We speculated that the identified risk factors in Assam likely explained the reason behind lower Brucella seropositivity in Bihar, and therefore any future brucellosis control program should focus on addressing these risk factors.

Farmers’ Attitude and Factors Influencing The Adoption of Artificial Insemination in Goat Farming System

Small Ruminant such goats are familiar to keep growing for a farming system in the rural area. However, farmers are facing many problems to grow them. This study describes the goat farming system's performance in the rural area based on the farmers’ attitude and factors influencing farmers in adopting Artificial Insemination of the goat farming system. This study was conducted in Wunduwatu Village Andoolo Sub District, South Konawe District of Southeast Sulawesi Province in 2015. The research method was employed based on the survey and interview using a questionnaire through a purposive sampling method for selecting respondents that have chosen 30 farmers. Research findings show that its farming system's performance indicated the traditional pattern such as feed performance and farm management. It is due to the lack of skill and lack of capital. Most of the respondent farmers (44.29%) perceived artificial insemination is a good program. Moreover, 60.50% of respondents stated that using artificial insemination is better than using a male / natural mating.

PENGARUH DAN HUBUNGAN PERILAKU PETERNAK TERHADAP TINGKAT ADOPSI INSEMINASI BUATAN PADA SAPI POTONG

The success of artificial insemination is not only a factor of feed, seeds and environment but also the quality of human resources. It depends not only from the inseminators but also on farmers’ behaviours as main actors in artificial insemination, which are knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The research was conducted at Amarasi sub-district, aiming to determine the level of farmer s’ adoption of artificial insemination, and the effect of farmer s’ behaviors on the adoption rate of artificial insemination in beef cattle. The sampling method was purposive sampling, the number of respondents was 40 breeders, data were analyzed descriptively. The effect of farmer s’ behavior on adoption rates, the analysis used was multiple linear regression. The relationship between knowledge and adoption rate was a positive and close relationship (rs= 0.715), attitude and adoption rate was a positive relationship (rs= 0.693), skills were positively related to moderate closeness (rs= 0.450), with the adoption rate. Key words : Behaviour, Adoption, Artificial Insemination, Farmers, Beef Cattle.

The Attitude Changes Of Local Farmers Toward The Introduction Of Artificial Insemination In The Extensive Of Cattle Raising In The Seram Bagian Barat District, Maluku Province, Indonesia

Special efforts for cow must be pregnant (Upsus Siwab) is a program for the achievement of meat adequacy in 2022 through the optimization strategy of implementing Artificial Insemination (AI) in 34 provinces including Maluku Province. One of them is Seram Bagian Barat District. The type of cattle that are kept are Bali with extensive management. Maluku Province is The AI introduction area, so there are many challenges to meet the targets set. The purpose of this paper is to know the performance of AI introductions and the effect toward farmer attitudes in the SBB District during the 3 years of assistance. The method of this research was a survey, interviews with farmers, field officers, and district officers. Data with the Ishiknas format for 3 years was collected from the Agriculture services of SBB District. Data was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The basic problems related to the application of AI are (1) it is difficult to detect the oestrus because all cattle are released, (2) the habits of mating cattle naturally, (3) there is no interest in participating of AI, and (4) the knowledge of oestrus is very minimal. The strategy to solved the problem was introduction the hormone of Oestrus Synchronization (SE). The strategy was quite successful, in 2017, the realization of AI was 85%. Realization in 2018 and 2019 were more than 100%. The S/C score was 1.13 times indicates that the cows have very good reproductive performance. There were 15 variations in gestational age with the range of 8 months 4 days - 9 months 17 days. The most average were 9 months 10 days (16.6%) and 9 months 11 days (16.6%). The pregnancy rates of AI was 10 -311 cows/month with an average of 108.8 cows, while in natural marriages 0 - 32 cows/month with an average of 12.5 cows. The birth weights of AI with Bali bulls straw ranged from 17 to 23 kg (an average of 19.6 kg), while the natural mating was an average of 16 kg. Another results, the birth weight of AI with Ongole bulls straw on male was an average of 32.2 kg and 30 kg on female. In 2017, the implementation of the AI was all done in combination with the SE because no farmers wanted to report the oestrus of cows. In 2018 there were reports from farmers and in 2019, all AI implementations were based on normal oestrus reports. The change in attitudes of farmers regarding adoption of AI was caused by the calves had a higher birth weight and a higher selling price. Implementation of AI in the District of SBB has good prospects for increasing the quantity and quality of cattle and also increasing the income of farmers

English

Adoption of artificial insemination (AI) in Ethiopia is low and there is paucity of information in documentation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the determinants of smallholder farmers&rsquo; adoption of AI technology in Laelay-Maichew district. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 155 sample respondents for the study. The primary data were collected through individual interviews using semi-structured interview and check list. Descriptive, inferential statistics and binary logistic model were employed to describe the study results and identify the determinants of farmers to adopt improved breeding method of AI. The farmers&rsquo; adoption of AI was influenced by access to credit facilities and mobile phone, social participation, formal training, frequency of extension contact, knowledge about AI practice and perception of AI profit positively and&nbsp; participating in off-farm activities negatively. In conclusion, ownership of information and communication technology (ICT), access to extension services (training and extension visit), knowledge of AI practices and perception of profit determined farmers&rsquo; AI adoption. There is a need to improve the effectiveness of extension service through strengthening the training, frequent home visit, making credit service accessible, and educating farmers regarding the knowledge and importance of AI technology for its effective dissemination. Key words: Adoption, artificial insemination (AI), crossbreeding cattle, binary logit econometric model. &nbsp

Factors in the Adoption of Beef Cattle Artificial Insemination (AI) Technology in Brebes Regency

Efforts to increase beef cattle population and genetic in Brebes Regency can be done by using artificial insemination (AI) technology approach.Therefore this study aims to determine the factors that influence the ability of beef cattle farmers in adopting artificial insemination technology (AI) in Brebes Regency. Survey method was applied to observe beef cattle and farmers. Sampling technique used Slovin formula with 90% significant rate to observe variables, namely the ability of farmers to adopt AI technology (Y); social factors (X1) consisting of age (X1.1), educational background (X1.2), farming experience (X1.3), herd size (X1.4); technical factors consisting of S/C (X2.1) and oestrous detection (X2.2); and economic factor is AI costs (X3). The research data obtained were analysed using descriptive analysis and correlation. The results showed that adoption of artificial insemination in beef cattle in Brebes Regency had a negative correlation with age (X1.1) (rs = -0.498), did not correlate with educational background (X1.2) (rs = 0.221), farming experience ( rs = X1.3) (rs = -0.056), and the herd size (X1.4) (rs = 0.094) as social factors; does not correlate with the value of S/C (X2.1) (rs = 0.203) and estrous detection (X2.2) (rs = 0.259) as technical factors; and negatively correlate.ed with AI cost (X3) (rs = -0,661) as an economic factor. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the adoption of artificial insemination in beef cattle in Brebes Regency is influenced by social and economic factors, especially from the age factor and AI cost factor that is less supportive.

Adoption of Artificial Insemination among Smallholder Dairy Producers and Influence of Extension Service in Ekerenyo Division, Nyamira County, Kenya

Adoption of Artificial Insemination among Smallholder Dairy Producers and Influence of Extension Service in Ekerenyo Division, Nyamira County, Kenya

Level of Adoption and Factors Influencing Adoption of Artificial Insemination for Cattle in the Kilinochchi District of Sri Lanka

Level of Adoption and Factors Influencing Adoption of Artificial Insemination for Cattle in the Kilinochchi District of Sri Lanka

Profile of dairy cattle farmers in the Northwest of Minas Gerais and the perception about the use of artificial insemination

This study aimed to characterize the profile of milk cattle farmers of the Northwest region of Minas Gerais State regarding the use of artificial insemination (AI) and see the most relevant factors in the perception of farmers for the adoption process of AI. From January to April 2014, 97 milk cattle farmers associated to milk cooperatives of the municipalities of northeastern Minas Gerais were interviewed. Of those interviewed farmers, 61.3% did not use artificial insemination. The majority (92.48%) of respondents were male and 48.88% were over 53 years of age, with low schooling, incomplete primary education (28.57%), or complete primary education (25.97%). Among the respondents, 66.67% had over 20 years experience in dairy farming. The average breeders by property were 99, and the average size of properties was 73 hectares (ha). In general, it was found that personal motivation is the main driver for the adoption of AI, and it is more linked to positive expectations generated by the phenotype of the animals than to economic factors. The prerequisites for adoption of AI are in the background and, among them, manpower, infrastructure, and animal handling are prominent, followed by social influence, evidenced by entities and persons involved in AI and in the daily life of farmers. Little emphasis on human resource management and use of scientific knowledge may have affected the adoption of biotechnology, resulting in low utilization. It is also possible to associate the advanced age of farmers to the resistance to the use of reproductive biotechnologies.

Relationship between Breeder Characteristics and Adoption of Artificial Insemination in Bali Cattle

Artificial Insemination was a program aimed at increasing the production of livestock as well as the income of farmers. The study was conducted from July to September 2017 in Balusu District, Barru District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The population in this study was the whole Bali cattle breeders who adopt artificial insemination technology located in District Balusu, Barru regency was as much as 548 spread in six villages.With using Slovin formula obtained by the sample amounted to 85 respondents. Kinds of data used in research these were qualitative data and quantitative data. Sources of data used were primary data and secondary data. Methods of data collection were observation and interview. Analyzes used in this research was Rank Spearman. The results showed that closely related to the adoption of IB, namely formal education and temporary business scale associated with the weak of age, family dependents and income. Keywords: adoption, artificial insemination, Bali cattle, characteristics

Are Technology Adoption and Collective Action Important in Accessing Credit? Evidence from Milk Producers in Tanzania

One of the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 2 is to double agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers through, among other things, improving access to financial services including credit. However, designing appropriate mechanisms for increasing access to credit by poor households remains a challenge, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper argues that technology adoption and collective action could provide pathways to enhancing access to credit. Evidence from milk-producing households in Tanzania suggests that group membership increases the probability of borrowing and the amount of funds borrowed by households, while adoption of artificial insemination increases the amount of funds borrowed. Two major conclusions are that public policy for increasing rural households’ access to credit should promote collective action, and that the likely increase in amount of funds demanded by households due to technology adoption and collective action will require policy to address issues pertaining to credit rationing of rural households.

Factors influencing extent of adoption of artificial insemination (AI) technology among cattle farmers in Assam

The study was carried out to identify various socio-economic factors influencing adoption of AI technology in the crossbreeding system at the farm household level. The Tobit regression for a data set of 245 sample farmers from three districts of Assam was used. The results showed that the education of the household head, accessing support from government dairy development programme, number of years since farmers first knew about AI and proportion of net dairy income positively and significantly affect extent of adoption of AI; while factors such as, distance to nearest market and risk perception of the farmers on AI negatively and statistically significantly influence extent of adoption of AI. The findings of the study suggested a package of interventions for increasing the use intensity of AI technology. These included, more specifically, the extension support to the farmers, market linkage, conducting awareness programme and direct support to the farmers to reduce the cost of farming.

Adoption status of artificial insemination in Indian dairy sector: application of multinomial logit model

ABSTRACTIndia is blessed with the highest population of dairy animals, but has very poor productivity per se, which may be due to various factors such as lack of improved breeding and feeding services, access to markets, capital, inputs and technology. Although professionals have pointed out artificial insemination (AI) as an emerging technology of socio-economic importance, the ground realities or practices about AI is entirely different. With this theoretical background, an attempt was made to study the adoption status of AI and also to identify factors affecting adoption of AI in India by both qualitative and quantitative methods from 360 dairy farmers in four states of North India. The adoption status of AI pointed out that majority of the respondents had adopted AI since more than 9 years, which was mostly partial in nature. Multinomial logit model depicted the Chi-square value of 113.97, indicating that the model was highly significant (p < .001). Two variables (‘distance to veterinary institution’ and ‘education’) significantly influenced the probability of partial and full adoption of AI. In case of full adoption, in addition to the above variables, ‘size of livestock holding’ and ‘scientific orientation’ also emerged as significant variables. Since majority of the dairy farmers were in partial adoption category, scientists have to analyse the problems of dairy farmers and find suitable solutions for higher diffusion and adoption at field conditions by participatory technology generation and transfer approach in India.

014 Development, implementation and evaluation of an artificial insemination certification course

Artificial insemination (AI) is beneficial in cattle production but remains underutilized. Impediments to adoption of AI include producers' lack of training for insemination technique. An AI certification course was initiated with the objective of partially alleviating the lack of training opportunities. The initial design of the course was a 3 d classroom and hands-on training. It was evaluated by UT Extension county agents (n=25) who indicated that the training could be accomplished in less time and that the class size should be limited to a ratio of 1 student per 3 practice cows. The initial course template was modified to a final 2 d design that included classroom and laboratory instruction with three practice sessions in non-pregnant heifers and cows (n = 36). Classes (n = 12) were limited to 12 students (n = 144) who were required to demonstrate sufficient knowledge transfer of classroom training via written exam and to exhibit proficiency for semen handling and AI technique before certification was awarded. Students completed course evaluations, rating their experience in each classroom and laboratory session and overall experience as Excellent (1), Good (2), Fair (3) or Poor (4). Course instructors' knowledge of the subject matter was rated on the same scale. Students were asked to rate their ability to properly thaw and load semen and pass the AI rod through the cervix on a Likert scale of 1 (confident) to 10 (not confident). Classroom and laboratory evaluation results are depicted in Table 014. Instructors' knowledge of the subject matter ranking averaged 1.03 ± 0.17. Student confidence in semen handling and AI technique averaged 1.95 ± 1.2 and 4.11 ± 2.2, respectively. These results indicate that the course was successful in training students to successfully inseminate cows and heifers and to understand the factors that influence fertility to AI. Evaluation results for rating classroom and lab sections. Evaluation results for rating classroom and lab sections.

Role performance of the NGO personnel in sustainable livelihood generation for tribal dairy farmers

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role performance of the NGO named Bhartiya Agro Industries Federation (BAIF) working in the Nandurbar district of Maharashtra for sustainable livelihood generation for tribal dairy farmers. A total of 64 beneficiary tribal dairy farmers and 20 NGO personnels were selected laying in 16 villages from two tahsils of Nandurbar district. Data was collected with pre-tested interview schedule. The study revealed that important role performed by the NGO personnel as perceived by beneficiaries is organizing health camps (with weighted mean score - 59.37) followed by educating the farmers regarding adoption of Artificial Insemination (56.77), to organize vaccination camps for disease like H.S., B.Q, FMD (55.20), training to tribal farmers regarding improved dairy practices (54.68). However, according to NGO personnel, among the various role played by NGO the more frequently is to educate the farmers regarding adoption of A.I. (95.00) followed by organizing health camps (91.66), making arrangement for A.I. facilities and training to tribal farmers regarding improved agriculture and dairy practices (86.66) and to organize vaccination camps for disease like H.S, B.Q, FMD (75.00). NGO was helping them to empower them economically as well as socially and bringing them in mainstream.