Adoption Of Appropriate Strategies Research Articles

Collaborative governance of an integrated system for collecting contributions for social health insurance, pension, and taxes from the informal sector: a synthesis of stakeholder perspectives

BackgroundMany low-and middle-income countries have adopted social health insurance schemes. However, the collection of contributions from the large informal sector of these economies poses a significant challenge. Employing an integrated system of contribution collection from all relevant institutions may be cost-effective. We used the integrative framework for collaborative governance, to explore and explain factors that may shape the governance of an integrated system for collecting contributions for social health insurance, pension, and taxes from the informal sector in Zambia.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative case study involving 25 key informants drawn from government ministries and institutions, cooperating partners, non-governmental organizations, and association representatives in the informal sector. Data were analyzed thematically using Emerson’s integrative framework for collaborative governance.ResultsThe main drivers of collaboration included a need for comprehensive policies and legislation to oversee the integrated system for contribution collection, prevent redundancy, reduce costs, and enhance organizational effectiveness. However, challenges such as leadership issues and coordination complexities were noted. Factors affecting principled engagement within the collaborative regime consisted of communication gaps, organizational structure disparities, and the adoption of appropriate strategies to engage the informal sector. Additionally, factors influencing shared motivation involved concerns about power dynamics, self-interests, trust issues, corruption, and a lack of common understanding of the informal sector.ConclusionThis study sheds light on a multitude of factors that may shape collaborative governance of an integrated system for contribution collection for social health insurance, pension, and taxes from the informal sector, providing valuable insights for policymakers and implementers alike. Expanding social health insurance coverage to the large but often excluded informal sector will require leveraging factors identified in this study to enhance collaboration with pension and tax subsystems.

Advances in smallholder large ruminant production and profitability in Southeast Asia over the past decade – lessons from the Mekong region: a review

The global demand for protein in the form of red meat is growing, especially in Southeast Asia, with income and population growth driving an increase in global beef consumption projected to continue from 2023 to 2032. This provides incentive for smallholder large-ruminant producers to build on production improvements obtained over the past decade to ensure long-term profitability and sustainability. This review aims to provide an update on advances in smallholder large-ruminant production and profitability in Southeast Asia over the past decade, as well as highlight ongoing challenges that require further investment from governments and the private sector to meet the growing regional and global demand for protein that is safe for human consumption. Improvements are discussed in detail across the areas of health, production and welfare, using outputs from research for development projects across Southeast Asia, specifically Cambodia and Laos which have high proportions of population living below the national poverty line. Areas covered include nutrition, disease control, diversification and farmer engagement. Ongoing challenges and opportunities are also considered. Key improvements in smallholder large-ruminant production, health and welfare in Southeast Asia over the past decade include the introduction of strategies to improve nutrition through forage utilisation and disease control through vaccination and biosecurity as well as farmer engagement and diversification. However, major challenges continue in the areas of disease control and eradication, training, climate variability, gender empowerment and policy. Increasing global demand for red meat places smallholder large-ruminant producers throughout Cambodia and Laos in an ideal position to capitalise. To do this and gain improved regional food security requires ongoing investment in stakeholder training and adoption of appropriate strategies to ensure greater productivity from existing numbers and resisting increasing numbers in an environment with limited resources. Although the challenges for large-ruminant smallholders are substantial, the rewards for continual investment to improve health and production include increased household incomes and profitability as well as greater regional food security.

Assessment of learning levels of students using ‘Dennis Congo study skill inventory’ & evaluation of protocol for slow, average & advanced learners in medical education

: Students starting their medical education congregate from diverse educational environments and varied learning experiences. Hence, they would have developed individual preferences in learning styles for obtaining and refining information. Some students need accelerated approach so that they can learn things in the syllabus at their own speed. While some lack focus and understand topics at a slower pace compared to their peers. The process of assessment of the learning levels of students and conduction of activities for them can open up a new window for the teachers in adopting different teaching learning methods and result in more dynamic classroom interaction. This also paves way for adoption of appropriate strategies to address the concerns of all learners. The study was done with the aim to explore the study skills and determine any correlation between study skills of the students and their academic performance. This is a cross-sectional observational, questionnaire - based descriptive study involving undergraduate students enrolled in medical college. A predesigned, pretested structured and validated questionnaire, the Denis Congo Study Skills Inventory was administered on the sample. Study Skills Efficacy Scores were determined using the same. Learners were categorized as slow, average and advanced based on their scores in the first internal examination. These scores were aligned with the study skills used by the learner and the data was analysed using Microsoft Excel 2010 & IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0.1.1 Windows software to find out any correlation.: It was found that all the six skills included in the Dennis Congo study skill inventory may need to be developed in slow learners with equal emphasis so as to facilitate them in becoming average learners. All the six skills also require improvement in average learners to become advanced learners, however our study shows that more emphasis needs to be laid on the development of skills of note-taking, memory enhancement, test preparation and concentration. Out of these, note-taking and test preparation are skills which might be easier to work on as compared to memory and concentration, as a part of these skills are inherent to the individual. Teachers can play a significant role in helping the students in acquiring the skills. : Factors affecting student academic performances is a multidimensional issue which has to be identified at individual level. Deficient study skills appear to be a statistically significant cause for poor academic performance. With the objective to change the learner’s behaviour, it can be conveyed to learners what exactly is to be accomplished by providing a direction in the planning of a learning activity.This study assesses student learning levels in medical education using the 'Dennis Congo Study Skill Inventory'. It further evaluates a tailored protocol designed for slow, average, and advanced learners, aiming to enhance learning outcomes across diverse proficiency levels."

Internal control systems of SMEs in Nigeria: a proactive or reactive strategy against employees’ fraud?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy adopted by small- and medium-scale enterprise (SME) owners in setting up internal control systems, examine the relationship between the numbers of employees’ fraud and strategy adopted in setting up internal control and evaluate the difference between proactive and reactive strategies in employee’s fraud prevention among SMEs. Design/methodology/approach A survey research approach was adopted to determine whether proactive or reactive strategies were adopted by the SME owners. Specifically, a survey questionnaire was used to gather primary data from selected respondents in Lagos and Oyo States. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and the Mann–Whitney test were used to analyse the primary data. Findings The study found that most of the SME owners used reactive internal control strategies in setting up their internal control systems after they suffered financial losses occasioned by employees’ fraud. Also, the study found a positive relationship between the number of employees’ fraud and reactive strategy. Finally, the study found a significant difference in the number of employees’ fraud occurrences between proactive and reactive internal control strategies in SMEs. Research limitations/implications The study provides further confirmation that where internal control is properly set up and strengthened, a lower number of employee frauds will occur. Thus, giving credence to the fraud theory. The study was, however, conducted in six selected local government areas in two states. Practical implications The study provides recommendations on the adoption of a proactive strategy for curbing employees’ fraud at the onset of business operations and not until devastating events of employees’ fraud become a reality. Originality/value The study is original, as it focuses on the strategy adopted by SME owners in setting up internal control systems, which is rare in fraud empirical studies, particularly for studies conducted in emerging markets like Nigeria. It provides the need for the sustainability of SMEs as engine of growth and employment through the adoption of appropriate strategies in setting up internal control systems.

Optimizing the Cooling System of High-Speed Train Environmental Wind Tunnels Using the Gene-Directed Change Genetic Algorithm.

Environmental wind tunnels play a crucial role in the research and development of high-speed railways. However, constructing and operating these wind tunnels requires significant resources, especially with respect to the cooling system, which serves as a vital subsystem. The cooling system utilizes an air compression refrigeration cycle and consists of multiple components. The efficient operation of these components, along with the adoption of appropriate strategies, greatly enhances the efficiency of the wind tunnel refrigeration system. Despite this, the existing methods for evaluating the refrigeration system do not fully capture the energy consumption of an air compression refrigeration system during practical use. To address this issue and effectively evaluate the wind tunnel refrigeration system, we propose using an exergoeconomic evaluation coefficient with experimental cycles to establish the system. This method incorporates the use of frequency coefficients and related parameters. By employing the newly developed evaluation coefficient as an objective function, we utilize the adaptive value-sharing congestion genetic algorithm to optimize the wind tunnel for high-speed trains. Furthermore, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of different optimization schemes. Traditional optimization methods prove inefficient because of the system's numerous variables and the presence of multiple peaks in the objective function. Inspired by the biogenetic breeding method, we introduce an optimization approach based on a specific gene mutation. This innovative method significantly reduces optimization time and improves efficiency by approximately 17%.

Effect of Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Makueni County

traditional and non-bank players. Their ability to navigate this competitive landscape and remain competitive depends on their adoption of appropriate strategies and partnerships with peers to leverage complementary resources and innovation capabilities The aim of this study was to assess the effect of strategic management practices on the performance of commercial banks in Makueni County. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the effect of strategy evaluation, customer relationship management, strategic partnerships and organization culture on the performance of commercial banks in Makueni County.
 Methodology: This research used descriptive research design. The target population of this study constituted the six commercial banks currently operating in Makueni County. From this target population, the unit of observation was the managerial staff from each of the banks’ branches. These were; branch managers, operations managers, credit managers and customer relationship departmental heads, branch credit administrators and accounts opening supervisors in all the commercial bank branches in Makueni County. The target population were ninety respondents. The study used census survey data collection method and utilized primary data obtained from semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to respondents using the drop and pick later method. Quantitative data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential analysis while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Regression analysis used the model of fitness measured by R Squared, ANOVA. Qualitative data analyzed using common themes. the study found that customer relationship management, strategic partnerships and organization culture have a positive significant relationship with the performance of commercial banks in Makueni County.
 Results: It was confirmed that strategy evaluation, customer relationship management, strategic partnerships and organization culture have a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance in Makueni County Kenya.
 Contribution to policy and practice: Banks in Makueni County should consider investing in talent development programs to enhance the skills and knowledge of their employees. This could include initiatives such as continuing education, professional certifications, and leadership development programs. Banks in Makueni County should consider implementing strategies to retain experienced employees and provide opportunities for career growth and development. This can help create a strong talent pipeline and ensure the continuity of institutional knowledge

GEOSPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST SPECIES IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF RECIFE, PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL

The adoption of appropriate strategies for the conservation and management of forest ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest depends on understanding the pattern of spatial distribution of forest species, mainly in protected areas. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the geospatial distribution of forest species in a fragment of Atlantic Forest (Lowland Dense Ombrophilous Forest) in the Botanical Garden of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The phytosociological study was carried out by the plot method, with 40 plots of 10 m x 25 m, systematically distributed, where all living individuals that showed circumference at 1.3 m above the ground ≥ 15 cm were identified and georeferenced. To identify the existence of floristic similarity between the plots, the obtained data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis. The spatial variability of forest species was characterized using geostatistical analysis. The data were interpolated by kriging, followed by the construction of thematic maps of spatial distribution. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the formation of two groups of plots. The forest species Artocarpus heterophyllus, Dialium guianense, Helicostylis tomentosa, Hevea brasiliensis, Pouteria durlandii and Thyrsordium spruceanum showed spatial dependence. The use of geostatistics allowed visualizing the spatial distribution arrangements and identifying the concentration sites of these species. Information on the geospatial distribution of forest species can be used for the preservation, conservation and management of forest remnants.

Measuring the comparative advantage of camping businesses: A multicriteria sorting methodology

The adoption of appropriate strategies is an obligation for firms to gain in competitiveness. This paper develops a camping comparative advantage measure methodology by composing an operational definition of this concept and by implementing an assessment method. The paper first undertakes a literature review concerning competitiveness and performance measurement in tourism and hospitality. Secondly, it develops a multi-criteria framework to evaluate comparative advantage of camping businesses. This framework is then applied to French firms by using the ELECTRE TRI methodology. The article has management implications in relation to the usefulness of the proposed methodology to real-world situations. Its results have theoretical significances: the paper extends the literature regarding hospitality firms’ competitiveness and specifies criteria concerning camping businesses advantage against competitors. Findings reveal three homogeneous categories. To ensure the relevance of these categories, the investment strategies and then the camping manager feedbacks are detailed. In terms of limitations, the adopted approach recalls to an accumulation of resources, and this does not automatically equate to competitiveness as exposed the resource quality or capabilities to manage these large number of resources.

Genotyping of candida albicans isolates obtained from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients in Zanjan, Iran, based on ABC and RPS typing systems.

Genotyping of pathogenic microorganisms is important for epidemiological studies and the adoption of appropriate strategies to control infectious diseases. In this regard, the present study aimed to genotype Candida albicans strains isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) patients using combined ABC type (25SrDNA) and repetitive sequence (RPS) typing systems. using combined typing systems of ABC type (25SrDNA) and repetitive sequence (RPS). In total, 140 patients with VVC were investigated. Vaginal discharges were collected on Sabouraud dextrose agar and identified by CHROMagar. After species identification, a polymerase chain reaction system targeting 25S rDNA as well as ALT repeats in the RPS was designed to determine C. albicans genotypes. The dendrogram was constructed by zero-one matrix data based on the combination of ABC and RPS typing systems. Statistical analysis of data was performed in SPSS software (version 23). In total, 41 (29.3%) Candida isolates were obtained from 140 VVC patients. The most common Candida species that were identified included C. glabrata (56.1%) and C. albicans (39%). Genotype A3 with five isolates (31.25%) had the highest frequency, followed by B2/3 with three isolates (18.3%), A3/4, C3/4, and B3/4 with two isolates (12.5%), and C2/3 and C3 with one isolate (6.25%), respectively. No significant association was found between the genotypes and antifungal resistance (P<0.05). The results showed that non-albicans Candida species are more prevalent in VVC patients, compared to C. albicans. The results also indicated that ABC and RPS typings are useful for rapid genotyping and differentiation of C. albicans isolates in regional and small-scale studies.

The Strategy Implementation of Chinese SMEs in Different Economic Environment

It is very important for all enterprises to adjust their strategy implementation in different economic environment. The adoption of appropriate strategy will help enterprises to fulfill different requirements from the changing environment and pursue the profit-maximization. This research identifies the strategy implementation of Chinese SMEs at different economic stages from 1978 to 2022.

Diagnostic analysis of Baroda branch canal of Som Kamla Amba irrigation project, Rajasthan, India

Irrigation projects are of paramount importance in meeting the water demand of agriculture sector. Therefore, evaluating the performance of irrigation systems makes it possible to improve agricultural water management and consequently enhances irrigation efficiency. In this perspective, the present study focuses on diagnostic analysis of the Baroda branch canal of the Som Kamla Amba irrigation project, Rajasthan, India. This study attempts to identify constraints attributed to poor irrigation efficiency and remedial strategies to improve irrigation management. Results revealed that poor maintenance and lacking immediate action of damaged water distribution network were culprits resulting in silting and vegetation infestation. Poor structures viz., tempered pipe outlets and gates, blockage of minors, unauthorized pumping, and poor operations of water distribution systems resulted in poor performance of Baroda branch canal. The performance of Baroda branch canal system can be improved by adoption of appropriate strategies.

Health Workers' Perceptions of the Risk of Heart Disease: A Content Analysis Study

Introduction: People's perception of the risk of heart disease is effective in their response to disease, potential risks, decision making, and reduction of heart disease and is an important predictor of adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze health workers’ perception of the risk of heart disease. Methods: The present study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. The participants were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation. To this end, 18 health workers were selected from the medical staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection process continued until the data saturation point, and the collected data were analyzed simultaneously with the sampling procedure. Results: Three main categories including an incentive to search for more information, guidelines for health promotion, and a warning to avoid risks were identified from the data, and were divided into nine subcategories that were conceptually named based on their nature. The majority of participants believed that not perceiving the disease risk factors is due to lack of knowledge because of limited access to new sources of information. Conclusion: Individuals’ perception of the risk of heart disease promotes the adoption of appropriate strategies to prevent the disease. In contrast, inadequate perception may prevent adults from considering the need for early preventive behaviors or seeking early life-saving interventions in the presence of coronary heart disease symptoms.

Exploring the Medical Representatives’ Perception towards Motivational Measures Implemented by Selected Pharma Companies, Chennai City

Background: Indian Pharmaceutical industry has significant growth in recent decades and faces hyper competition in the local and international market. Aim: The primary objective of this research is to explore the medical representatives’ perception towards motivational measures implemented by selected pharma companies, Chennai city. Method and Material: The primary data of the research was collected through the structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared based on Work Motivation Scale. The final sample size of the survey is 227. Results: The findings of the study indicates that earnings & benefits given to the medical representatives has highest positive effect on work motivation of medical representatives, which is followed by working conditions, success orientation, task orientation, task orientation, mission orientation, coworker relations, managing others, and supervisor relations. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirms that all the factors of the conceptual model has significant positive effect on work motivation of medical representatives working in selected pharma companies. Conclusion: The medical representatives in Pharma industries can be motivated through the adoption of appropriate strategies by considering the right blend of above-mentioned factors.

Assessing the Quality of Educational Services of Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences Based on the SERVQUAL Evaluation Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:Determining the gap in the quality of educational services, followed by the adoption of appropriate strategies for eliminating or reducing the existing obstacles, is considered the first basic step in developing quality improvement programs for universities. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the quality of educational services of Iranian medical universities. Methods:This study was a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the SERVQUAL evaluation pattern, and data collection was done through accessing published articles in reputable academic websites inside and outside Iran including and searching 4 keywords “the quality of educational services, SERVQUAL Evaluation Model, educational service gap, and Iran” without time and language restrictions. The CMA software, version 2.2.064, was used for data analysis. Results: There was a negative gap in all 5 dimensions. The average gap in all the dimensions was -1.335 out of the maximum 5 (responsiveness=-1.463, assurance=-1.367, tangibility=-1.364, empathy=-1.297, and reliability=-1.091). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be claimed that students are not satisfied with the current state of the quality of the educational services provided, and we are far away from achieving the ideal state and wining their full satisfaction. The differences observed among the 5 dimensions of the quality of educational services can be used as a guide for planning and allocating resources. Iranian medical science universities should try to pay their most attention to the dimensions that have the widest gaps and place them at the top of their priorities.

Transitioning primary school students with Autism Spectrum Disorder from a special education setting to a mainstream classroom: successes and difficulties

ABSTRACT Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are increasingly being educated in mainstream classroom environments. Commonly students commence their education in a segregated setting, transitioning to mainstream education after a process of skills development. For each student, transition is a unique and complex process. In NSW Australia, Autism Spectrum Australia (Aspect) offers a satellite classroom placement, in which students are provided with specialised education with the goal of future transition supported by the Aspect transition programme. This article examines the successes and difficulties experienced by three primary school students who transitioned from an Aspect satellite classroom to a mainstream classroom environment during primary school. Utilising Rogoff’s sociocultural framework, it analyses the transition process from the perspective of personal, interpersonal, institutional and cross-institutional contexts. Results identified several factors that facilitated successful transition, including careful pre-transition preparation, adequate cross-institutional communication, and the adoption of appropriate strategies in the receiving school. However, it was acknowledged that there were difficulties which students encountered at all levels of their context. This research adds to the scarce research literature on factors influencing transition to a mainstream setting for students with ASD.

Karakteristike promena u karate sportu

Causes of organizational changes in sports are dominantly conditioned by changes in environment – external and internal. Because of that, the main goal of changes in sport karate needs to lie in reshaping sports (karate) organisation in a way which would also allow for achieving “internal and external harmony”, i.e. improvement of overall organisational performance (regardless of whether that organization is club or association) which will have appropriate capacity to efficiently and effectively adapt to changes in the environment. One of the changes which can be considered “radical” in the context of sport Karate is decision of the International Olympic Committee that karate, as defined by the organizational concept of WKF, be included in the programme of Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020. This is an important factor which directs changes in the system of our sport Karate (in Serbia and Vojvodina). Because of that, karate in Vojvodina faces a usual managerial dilemma related to the period and manner of introduction of changes, i.e. answer to the question – how to start? Every organization or individual, in accordance with environment and context of change inclusion, reacts in different ways. Every authenticity of change is conditioned by “throughput” of a greater number of internal and external elements of a karate organisation. Because of that, essential assumption for a correct answer to the question asked lies in quality and responsible mutual cooperation of people in organisations. This cooperation is also based on testing of different ideas, communication in the function of constructive debate about problems, creation of authentic (personal) models of changes and adoption of appropriate strategies. One of the first steps in strategic directing of changes in karate is, surely, a studious and detailed analysis of the sport karate environment. This paper, essentially, presents a shorter theoretical analysis and an explication of basic factors which have defined the development of karate in Vojvodina, as an assumption (a hypothetical frame) for more complex future analyses of sport karate environment, necessary for the preparation and creation of strategic documents for development of karate as an Olympic sport.

Strategy formation for higher education institutions using system dynamics modelling

System Dynamics is the modeling technique used to understand the behavior of a complex system over time. It is particularly useful in long-term forecasting when several variables are interrelated with each other. System dynamics models are different from statistical models in the sense they not only provide forecast and control, but they also offer explanations and an understanding of the relationships between the dependent variable and numerous exogenous and endogenous variables. This research paper focuses on the strategy formation for quality improvement in Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) using system dynamics models. Most HEI’s in developing countries are taking a strong interest to the extent that they are adopting new educational strategies for enrichment of quality in higher education. The impetus for this development is coming from internal pressure and also considerably from the outside stakeholders. This paper also provides a dynamic model that can accommodate changing economic and environmental conditions, and hence has the capability to provide various ‘what-if’ analyses to facilitate the adoption of appropriate strategy.

Using pedagogical approaches to influence evidence‐based practice integration – processes and recommendations: findings from a grounded theory study

The study aimed to explore the processes undertaken by nurse academics when integrating evidence-based practice (EBP) into their teaching and learning practices. This article focuses on pedagogical approaches employed by academics to influence evidence-based practice integration into undergraduate programs across Australian universities. Nursing academics are challenged to incorporate a variety of teaching and learning strategies to teach evidence-based practice and determine their effectiveness. However, literature suggests that there are limited studies available focusing on pedagogical approaches in evidence-based practice education. A constructivist grounded theory methodology, informed by Charmaz was used for this study. Data were collected during 2014 from 23 nurse academics across Australian universities through semi-structured interviews. Additionally, nine were observed during teaching of undergraduate students. Twenty subject outlines were also analysed following Charmaz's approach of data analysis. 'Influencing EBP integration' describes the pedagogical approaches employed by academics to incorporate EBP knowledge and skills into undergraduate curricula. With the use of various teaching and learning strategies, academics attempted to contextualize EBP by engaging students with activities aiming to link evidence to practice and with the EBP process. Although, some strategies appeared to be engaging, others were traditional and seemed to be disengaging for students due to the challenges experienced by participants that impeded the use of the most effective teaching methods. Study findings offer valuable insights into the teaching practices and identify some key challenges that require the adoption of appropriate strategies to ensure future nurses are well prepared in the paradigm of evidence-based practice.

English

This paper examines the crisis in the Nigerian cultural environment as a result of globalization. Globalization, referred to as the inter-dependence of countries, peoples, races and institutions in politics, economics, arts, science and technology, is equally responsible for inter-cultural exchanges and the coming together of people of diverse persuasions. In place of previous prejudices, biases and misunderstandings, globalization has led to greater appreciation of peoples, the breaking down of barriers and the building of bridges of understanding and communication among nations. People no longer see each other as strange bedfellows, but as individuals with common feelings, common understanding and common worldview. This has resulted in increase in human knowledge, better education and advancement in science and technology. Nigeria as part of this process also shares in the benefits of globalization as well as its negative effects. The paper takes a cursory look at various influences of globalization on Nigeria, particularly in the area of culture, and concludes that with adoption of appropriate strategies, the country can reap the full benefits of this phenomenon. Key words: Culture, colonialism, globalization, Nigerian cultural identity.

Dépression et états de santé

Depressive disorders are rarely isolated and are most often associated with addiction and chronic somatic disorders. Such comorbidity raises the question of a model for an effective treatment to expect increased life expectancy of patients with depression, we should be able to work with the resources of individuals and their subjective models related to health. The adoption of appropriate strategies to improve health states should be preferred when the depressive episode is correctly and completely curred. Finally, the process of change and adaptation to stress should be promoted among depressed patients to enable them to even their life expectancy.