Bullying Victimization In Adolescents Research Articles

The Role of Rumination as a Mediator of Psychological Distress Relationships and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescent Victims of Bullying

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. NSSI occurs a lot in adolescents. Bullying is the most common factor in adolescents who commit NSSI. The impact of other than NSSI on adolescent bullying victims is psychological distress. Previous research stated that psychological distress can cause NSSI behavior needs to be mediated by a variable, one of the variables that can be related is rumination. This study aims to determine the role of rumination as a mediator of the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI behavior in adolescent bullying victims. The study design is non-experimental. Participants were adolescents aged 16–21 years, experienced bullying, self-harm within 12 months (n=60). The sampling technique used is non probability sampling. The instrument of this study was K10 for psychological distress (α=.86). Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) for rumination (α=.75) and Inventory of Statement About Self Injury (ISAS) for NSSI behavior (α=.83). Results showed that rumination does not mediate the relationship of distress and NSSI in adolescent victims of bullying. However, psychological distress correlated and have a role in the emerge of rumination and NSSI in adolescent bullying victims. ANNOVA test showed that distress, rumination and NNSI were highest in participants with a high frequency of bullying. Therefore, it is important to intervene reduce psychological distress in adolescents and take preventive action and education related to the impact of bullying.

Sibling and peer bullying victimization in adolescence: Masculinity, femininity, and the moderating role of sex and popularity.

We investigated whether gender-typed traits (masculinity and femininity) contemporaneously predicted self-reported peer victimization, peer-reported peer victimization, and sibling victimization. We also tested the moderating role of sex and popularity. A sample of 2782 British pupils aged 11-16 from Central England, UK was screened for bullying involvement and popularity using self-report and peer nominations, and a subsample of 704 (52.7% girls) completed a measure of gender-typed traits (masculinity and femininity). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that low levels of masculine traits were associated with greater risk of self-reported peer victimization, there were no associations with peer-reported peer victimization, and low levels of feminine traits were associated with greater risk of self-reported sibling victimization. The effects were not moderated by sex, while popularity decreased the risk of self- and peer-reported peer victimization. Bullying prevention interventions could benefit from including the positive facets of feminine and masculine traits.

Bibliotherapy Utilizing Electronic Publications to Increase The Self-Confidence of Teenagers Victims of Bullying

Violence committed by teenagers is a complex and varied phenomenon; one form of violence often committed by teenagers is bullying. If bullying continues to occur, it will result in a decrease in trust and all aspects of the personal social life of the victim. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of bibliotherapy using electronic publications in increasing the self-confidence of adolescent victims of bullying. This type of research is quantitative research with an experimental research type. The population in this study comprised vocational school students who were victims of bullying at school, totaling 67 students. The technique used to determine the sample is cluster random sampling. The number of samples in this study was 14 students. The methods used to collect data are observation and questionnaires. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique in this research uses quantitative statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing uses Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test data analysis. The research results are as follows: First, bibliotherapy using electronic publications effectively increases the self-confidence of teenagers who are victims of bullying in the experimental group. Second, bibliotherapy without electronic publications is effective in increasing the self-confidence of teenagers who are victims of bullying in the control group. Third, bibliotherapy using electronic publications is more effective in increasing the self-confidence of teenagers who are victims of bullying than bibliotherapy without using electronic publications. The implication of this research is that the application of Bibliotherapy by utilizing Electronic Publications can increase the self-confidence of adolescent victims of bullying.

A Scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions: Reducing Traumatic Effect of Bullying Among Adolescents.

Bullying is a violent activity that causes significant harm to both victims and perpetrators. Anxiety, despair, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation are signs of bullying's traumatic effect. The social environment's support proved critical in lessening the devastating experience of bullying on adolescents. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping Review of Anti-Bullying Interventions with the aim of reporting techniques to reduce traumatic effect of bullying among adolescents. A design scoping review was done in this investigation. The publications were discovered using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review method. Three databases were used to find this article: PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria for this study were that the sample included adolescent victims of bullying, that it was full text, that it was written in English, that it included anti-bullying therapies, that it used randomized control trials or quasi-experimental designs, and that it was published during the last ten years (2014-2023). The authors found 16 articles were obtained that explored Anti-bullying therapies to minimize symptoms of trauma in adolescent bullies. All of the studies found that the intervention significantly reduced the effects of bullying on victims (p<0.05). The sample sizes ranged from 31 to 5539 teenage respondents. This study discovered three types of anti-bullying interventions: social support, social skills, and school-based programs. Activities such as education, counseling, and training are used to prevent bullying behavior in schools. Adolescent intervention takes into account the participants' physical and psychological situations and focuses on completing the stages of adolescent development. Interventions to reduce the impact of trauma on bullying victims need to involve health providers, parents, and adolescents. This aims to form a mutually supportive system in overcoming the problem of bullying.

Relationship Between Stress Level and Hopelessnes among Adolescents Victim of Bullying

Aims: Bullying is a serious problem faced by teenagers nowadays. The impact of bullying could make victims feel insecure and away from their social life. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between stress level and feelings of hopelessness among adolescents victim of bullying. Methods: This research was a descriptive correlative study with a cross sectional study approach. Simple random sampling was applied to choose the class, the inclusion criteria was student who had experienced as a victim of bullying. A total of 489 senior high school students participated as respondents. Sample were taken by using a simple random sampling technique. The instruments used the Beck Hopelessness Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Spearman Rank Correlation was used as data analysis in this study. Results: Most of the respondents were female (84%), with an average age of 16 years. More than half of the total respondents had severe of hopelessness (57.9%). The mean score of the stress level experienced by the respondents was 23.21 (±SD 4.427). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that stress levels had a relationship with hopelessness among adolescents victim of bullying (p-value=0.00). Conclusion: The level of stress was a factor that contributes to the hopelessness of adolescent victims of bullying.. Suggestion: School should develop an intervention program that can prevent stress and overcome hopelessness in adolescents victims of bullying.

Peer bullying victimization in adolescence is associated with substance use: cross-sectional findings from French high school students

The relationships between peer bullying victimization in adolescence and substance use have been poorly studied. Thus, we examined the associations between peer bullying victimization and tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use in 496 French high school students. Peer bullying victimization was measured with a 17-item standardized assessment and analyzed as quartiles. Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use were assessed with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST), respectively. Total scores at the HONC (0 to 10), AUDIT-C (0 to 12), and CAST (0 to 24) were used as dependent variables in generalized linear models, adjusting for sex, age, prepared graduation, last school marks and friends outside high school. Compared to the first quartile (i.e., the least bullied students), those from the second, third and fourth quartiles had significant increase of the AUDIT-C (B = 0.78 [95%CI 0.17–1.40] with p = 0.013; B = 0.86 [95%CI 0.26;1.46] with p = 0.005 and B = 1.00 [95%CI 0.38;1.62] with p = 0.002, respectively), with dose-dependent relationships (B = 0.33 ([95%CI 0.13; 0.52] with p = 0.001). Those from the fourth quartile had a significant increase of the CAST (B = 2.13[95%CI 1.25;3.01], p < 0.001). When examining the role of peer bullying victimization on the number of substances used, there were significant increased odds for students from the third and fourth quartiles, with dose-dependent relationships (OR = 1.24 [95% CI 1.07;1.44], p = 0.005). These findings encourage paying a particular attention to substance use in students who report being bullied. Consequently, information and prevention using standardized screening tools should be proposed. Conversely, substance use could be an indicator of peer bullying victimization and should thus be explored.

The Effectiveness of Expressive Writing Therapy in Reducing Anxiety Levels in Teenage Bullying Victims

Bullying is a social phenomenon that often occurs in society, especially in adolescents. There are many biological, psychological, and social changes that can cause conflict problems between themselves and the surrounding environment. This causes the emergence of victims of bullying which causes anxiety in the teenager. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy in reducing anxiety levels in adolescent victims of bullying. The research method used quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test control group design approach. The sampling technique with a total sampling of 44 respondents and divided into 2, namely the experimental group and the control group. The results of the study using the Paired Sample T-test showed that p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) means that expressive writing therapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in adolescent victims of bullying. This can be seen from the decrease in anxiety scores in adolescent victims of bullying from 50.0% to 41.0% severe anxiety, which is mild anxiety after expressive writing therapy intervention. Therefore, it is suggested that expressive writing therapy can be used as one of the ways to overcome the anxiety of teenagers who are victims of bullying both on campus and at home.

Non-Disclosure and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Victims of Bullying: An Analysis from the Family and School Context.

In recent years, suicide rates among bullying victims have raised much concern among educators and health professionals. Suicide is the fourth leading cause of preventable death among adolescents, data that warn about the need to monitor the signs before victims' suicidal behavior to prevent this fatal outcome. In the present study, the role of victims' silence about their victimization situation was analysed, as well as the particular impact of family and school environments. More specifically, we examined the mediating role of the victim's non-disclosure between the parental styles (observing the father's and mother's roles separately) and the school climate, concerning suicidal ideation in victims. The sample consisted of 2,977 adolescents (48.5% boys), aged 11-17 years (M = 14.1, SD = 1.42), of whom 635 (21.3%) reported having been victims of bullying in the past year. The results showed that parental styles of rejection and indifference were positively related to victims' non-disclosure of bullying and suicidal ideation. Conversely, a positive school climate showed a negative relationship with victims' disclosure of the bullying situation and suicidal ideation. The findings also indicated that non-disclosure mediates the relationship between the mother's parental style and suicidal ideation. These findings expand knowledge about the role of bullying victims' social context and the variable disclosure with regards to suicidal ideation in adolescents victimized by peers at school.

The Effect of Expressive Writing Therapy in Reducing Anxiety Levels in Adolescent Bullying Victims

Introduction: Bullying is a social phenomenon that often occurs in society, especially in adolescents. There are many biological, psychological, and social changes that can cause conflict problems between themselves and the surrounding environment, causing bullying victims which have an impact on the emergence of anxiety in these adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy in reducing the level of anxiety among adolescent victims of bullying. Method: The research method used quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design approaches. The sampling technique with a total sampling of 44 respondents divided into 2, namely the experimental group and the control group. Results: the results of the study using the Paired Sample T-test showed that the value of p = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) which means that there is an effect of expressive writing therapy in reducing anxiety levels in adolescent victims of bullying. This can be seen from the decrease in anxiety scores in adolescent victims of bullying from a severe anxiety level of 50.0% to 41.0% in mild anxiety after expressive writing therapy intervention. Conclusion: Therefore, it is suggested that expressive writing therapy can be used as an intervention in overcoming anxiety in adolescent victims of bullying both on campus and at home.

Peer Social Support for Adolescent Victims of Bullying

Bullying in schools generally occurs during adolescence Bullying has a negative impact on victims which can interfere with their activities as students at school and at home. Peers are the closest environment that is able to provide social support for students who are victims of bullying. This study discusses peer social support for adolescent victims of bullying. It is a qualitative study that utilizes case studies design through literature review, documentation, and interview techniques. The objective is to provide an overall picture of bullying behavior that occurs in State Junior High School X (SMPN X) and shed some light on the form of peer social support that is available for adolescent victims of bullying. The results of the study show that victims students are considered weak and unable to fight back. They repeatedly received various forms of physical, verbal and non-verbal violence from students in class and from seniors . Students who are victims of bullying do not report to their parents or teachers at school because they are afraid that they will get more severe treatment from the perpetrators. Although the school has established regulations concerning sanctions for bullying, there has been inconsistency in implementing these regulations. The Counseling Guidance teacher available to assist students who experience bullying, there is a need for a report from the victim. The study reveals that peer support plays a significant role in providing social support that encompasses informative support among others, by providing information to teachers about bullying faced by victims. so that the victim student is assisted by the school. Instrumental support by defending the victim when the perpetrators start to harass the victim by providing ways to fight offenders or ignore perpetrators. Emotional support by being a place to share. With this social support, victims feel there are friends who help find solutions, restore self-confidence and return to social functioning in their environment.

Social indicators with serious injury and school bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents aged 12–15 years: Data from the Global School-Based Student Survey

ObjectiveThe prevalence rates of injury and bullying victimization in adolescents are continuing to rise; however, little is known about the influence of social determinants, especially for vulnerable adolescents. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents with mental health issues or poor social support and examine the associations between social indicators and these two outcomes. MethodWe used the most recent datasets from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, and vulnerable adolescents aged 12–15 years from 54 countries were included. The pooled overall and regional estimates were obtained by random-effects models. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted association between five common social indicators and the two outcomes. Dose-response association was estimated by using a restricted cubic spline. ResultsThe prevalence rates of serious injury and bullying victimization were high in vulnerable adolescents, with apparent variation between regions and countries. The pooled prevalence of serious injury ranged from 45.10 % to 50.11 %, whereas the pooled prevalence of bullying victimization ranged from 35.54 % to 45.21 %. Social indicators of national wealth, health status, income and gender inequality were significantly associated with the prevalence of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents. ConclusionsSerious injury and school bullying victimization are prevalent in vulnerable adolescents aged 12–15 years. Social indicators were prominent associated factors of serious injury and bullying victimization in vulnerable adolescents. The results emphasize the importance of social environment when developing intervention measures to address injury and bullying among disadvantaged teenagers.

Analisis Perlakuan Verbal Bullying pada Remaja

Cases of bullying are increasing day by day in Indonesia, which is not only done by adults but also teenagers and has an impact on teenagers. One type of bullying that is done by teenagers is verbal bullying. Verbal bullying is defined as an act of violence that is carried out verbally through words, such as insulting, mocking, or ridiculing. Many cases of bullying occur in teenagers. As a result of continuous bullying, it can affect self-confidence and mental health in adolescents who are victims of verbal bullying. This study aims to describe how the treatment of verbal bullying on adolescent victims of bullying. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. This study was conducted on 4 adolescent victims of bullying (1 boy, 3 girls; age 14-22 years; students and college students) through interviews. The data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of three steps including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the treatment of verbal bullying on adolescents had positive and negative impacts, but the analysis showed that the negative impact was mostly caused by the treatment of bullying. On the positive impact it teaches children to be able to understand if they are in the position of victims of bullying so that they make children aware not to do that, mentally awaken children who are victims of verbal bullying to stay strong. While the negative impact is making children who are victims of verbal bullying become insecure, have psychological trauma because not all children can accept it. Based on this, parents, teachers and counselors work together to help and protect teenagers who are victims of bullying, giving teens the opportunity to understand what bullying is. For orders, it is necessary to enforce the law for bullying behavior so that bullying behavior is reduced and there is no more bullying so that teenagers become safe and comfortable without bullying. Teenagers are advised to consult with BK teachers in schools so that Guidance and Counseling services can be provided including information services, individual counseling services with a behavioral approach, group guidance services, classical services and mediation services to prevent violence in adolescents.

Nomogram predicting bullying victimization in adolescents

Objective: The purpose of this study was to construct a cross-sectional study to predict the risk of bullying victimization among adolescents. Methods: The study recruited 17,365 Chinese adolescents using stratified random cluster sampling method. The classical regression methods (logistic regression and Lasso regression) and machine learning model were combined to identify the most significant predictors of bullying victimization. Nomogram was built based on multivariable logistic regression model. The discrimination, calibration and generalization of nomogram were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), the calibration curve and a high-quality external validation. Results: Grade, gender, peer violence, family violence, body mass index, family structure, depressive symptoms and Internet addiction, recognized as the best combination, were included in the multivariable regression. The nomogram established based on the non-overfitting multivariable model was verified by internal validation (Area Under Curve: 0.749) and external validation (Area Under Curve: 0.755), showing decent prediction of discrimination, calibration and generalization. Conclusion: Comprehensive nomogram constructed in this study was a useful and convenient tool to evaluate the risk of bullying victimization of adolescents. It is helpful for health-care professionals to assess the risk of bullying victimization among adolescents, and to identify high-risk groups and take more effective preventive measures.

Online and offline victimisation: a cluster analysis of adolescent victims of bullying and cyber-bullying in Chile

ABSTRACT Bullying and cyberbullying victimisation are serious problems worldwide, especially among children and adolescents. However, there is much research on risk factors, the evidence about victim typologies that combine online and offline bullying with the specific nature of the victimisation episodes and other sociodemographic and individual features is still scarce. This study contributes by combining the poly-victim framework with the cyberbullying and online risk approaches. We used data from the Kids Online survey conducted in 2016 and analysed a national sample of 1,000 Internet users in Chile between 9 and 17 years old. The aim was to classify youth based on their cyber and traditional bullying experiences and examine the clusters’ features based on age, sex, socioeconomic status, technology use and skills, risky offline behaviours and well-being. A two-step cluster analysis identified three groups: poly-victims (23%), occasional digital victims (30%), and frequent offline victims (41%). These groups significantly differed by age, sex, Internet use, digital skills, risky offline behaviours and psychological characteristics. These results highlight the heterogeneity and complexity of both traditional and cyberbullying and the need to tailor interventions for diverse types of victims. IMPACT SUMMARY a. Prior State of Knowledge: Bullying is a serious problem both in its traditional and cyber-forms. Both share commonalities and present divergences regarding risk factors and psychological consequences associated. Whereas they can be distinct types of victimisation, a significant percentage of victims suffer both. b. Novel Contributions: Frequent offline bullying, occasional digital victimisation, and poly-victimisation should be considered three victimisation forms. These three experiences differ significantly in their age and sex composition, Internet use, digital skills, risky offline behaviours and psychological characteristics. c. Practical Implications: Identification of victim groups is critical to developing a more tailored approach to support different victims and reduce various forms of harassment. Moreso, because the current impacts of bullying-prevention programs are relatively small.

Are Loneliness and Emotional Intelligence Important Factors for Adolescents? Understanding the Influence of Bullying and Cyberbullying Victimisation on Suicidal Ideation

The aims of the present study were to examine whether (1) loneliness mediated the association between two types of peer victimisation and suicidal ideation and (2) emotional intelligence (EI) played a moderating role in the indirect and/or direct effect of a mediation model in a large sample of adolescents. Cross-sectional data on 1,929 students (Mage = 14.65, SD = 1.79) were analysed. A self-report questionnaire was used to measure demographic variables (course grade, sex, and age), peer victimisation types (traditional and cybervictimisation), loneliness, EI, and suicidal ideation. The results indicated that loneliness only partially mediated the relationship between traditional victimisation and suicidal ideation. By contrast, loneliness was not a significant mediator between cybervictimisation and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the indirect effects of the mediation model for traditional victimisation were moderated by EI. The greater the level of EI, the weaker the indirect effects of traditional victimisation on suicidal ideation. The findings suggest that interventions targeted at improving EI abilities may help break the links among peer victimisation, loneliness, and suicidal ideation in adolescent victims of bullying.

A prática do bullying em adolescentes do gênero feminino

: Objetivo: analisar se o bullying é praticado com frequência entre meninas adolescentes, quem pratica e as consequências. Método: estudo exploratório, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. A população da pesquisa foi meninas com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, regularmente matriculadas numa escola pública em Recife-Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados em fevereiro e março de 2019, e obtidos por meio de entrevistas com perguntas objetivas relacionadas à temática. Resultados: participaram 60 meninas (idade média de 14 anos). A maioria (68,4%) respondeu que se sentia vítima de bullying; 49,9% são vítimas, de acordo com a frequência de exposição às agressões e 76,6% sofreram bullying vindo de meninos; 26,6% apresentaram consequências ruins em decorrência do ato. A forma verbal foi a mais citada (31,6%). Conclusão: há elevada prevalência de adolescentes vítimas de bullying. Salienta-se a importância da família e comunidade escolar na quebra de paradigmas sociais a fim de minimizar a ocorrência do bullying.

Protecting the mental health of future adults: Disentangling the determinants of adolescent bullying victimisation.

Adolescent bullying victimisation and maltreatment have been linked to mental health disorders. Early intervention interrupting victimisation continuity is required since adolescence is a critical period for the formation of adult skills. We investigate the protective factors against youth victimisation at school and domestically. This study uses the youth self-completion questionnaire (preadolescents/adolescents aged 10-15) from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) containing youth victimisation questions in waves 1, 3 and 5 spanning 2009-2013. The self-reported victimisation measures include direct aggression (physical, verbal) and indirect bullying by other young people at school/non-domestically and at the household. The investigation employs balanced and unbalanced sample designs, complete case analysis (CCA) and multiple imputation (MI). The most effective protective factor reducing victimisation at school and domestically is the strength of family support as felt by the child (perceived family support) and the quality of the family environment. The unobserved factors increasing non-domestic victimisation are related to the latent factors reducing family support. This indicates that victimised adolescents do not always inform their families. The intensity of past period bullying is a strong predictor of future victimisation. The importance of family support and the quality of the family environment as protective factors necessitates parental involvement in school anti-bullying programmes. The longitudinal persistence of bullying indicates the inability of frequently bullied adolescents to escape victimisation. Anti-bullying policy design should encourage victims to speak up by lowering victimisation stigma and, provide assurances against bully retaliation.

Using a Mixed-Methods Approach to Analyze Traumatic Experiences and Factors of Vulnerability Among Adolescent Victims of Bullying.

A number of studies have analyzed the bullying phenomenon among adolescent victims. Relatively few studies, however, have specifically addressed the associated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our clinical practice and therapeutic encounters with adolescents reveal that the majority of bullied adolescents suffer from high levels of PTSD. The objective of this study is to further explore bullied adolescents’ traumatic experiences. In an attempt to analyze these experiences, this article presents a mixed-methods approach. Such an approach will allow to analyze the PTSD that results from bullying as well as subjects’ psychic and family-relevant vulnerabilities. First, bullying will be defined in the context of adolescence. Then the main studies on bullying will be presented. The objectives, tools and methods of analysis will be presented. The interviews will be analyzed according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. Projective tools, family drawings, Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), will be analyzed using a psychoanalytic interpretation method. Each qualitative tool will be used alongside a validated quantitative tool. The Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-CA-5 questionnaire) and the interviews conducted will thus allow to analyze PTSD and traumatic experiences. The Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the family drawing test will enable to assess family functioning; lastly, the Symptom Check List (SCL-90) that will be used alongside Rorschach and TAT tests will allow to analyze individual psychological vulnerabilities. This approach will increase data validity. The originality of this research study is based on a mixed-methods approach, our methodology which is based on clinical psychology, and the choice of certain research tools which have received little attention to date. Ultimately, this study may help improve how bullying is identified and could contribute toward the reinforcement or revision of the criteria that characterize bullying. Lastly, it may help us explore various unexamined dimensions of bullying. A possible limitation is the complexity associated with such a protocol.

Mapping the provision of care to an adolescent victim of school bullying by the Family Health Strategy in Brazil.

The provision of care to adolescents who are victims of bullying is necessarily intersectoral and, as such, goes beyond the limits of the school context. Underpinned by this principle, this study mapped the care provided to an adolescent victim of bullying by the Family Health Strategy, using cartography to elaborate an analytical flow chart of the pathway taken by the patient through the health service. The care maps produced by the health professionals involved in the process showed that care was out of step, dry and had a low level of resolvability. Despite these findings, the use of this instrument allowed the health team to propose other forms of support for the adolescent. After visualizing the pathway taken by the patient through the care network, the team was able to rethink limiting approaches to health care and discover other care possibilities that go beyond physical dimensions. The care provided by the Family Health Strategy was shown to be inconsistent. However, the mapping activity clearly showed that primary care services play a crucial role in providing appropriate support to adolescent victims of bullying and breaking the cycle of violence.

Bullying victimization, negative emotions, and substance use: utilizing general strain theory to examine the undesirable outcomes of childhood bullying victimization in adolescence and young adulthood

ABSTRACTBullying victimization has been directly associated with a variety of negative outcomes, but there are still many unknowns as to how deleterious emotional states resulting from victimization influence other undesirable events. The current study draws on Agnew’s general strain theory to examine multiple outcomes of youth victimized by repeated bullying prior to adolescence. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 were used to examine indicators of diminished moods and negative emotions on substance use for bullying victims in adolescence and again during young adulthood. Findings from various LISERL models indicate that bullying victimization directly increases diminished moods for males and females in adolescence. Additionally, childhood bullying victimization directly increases substance use in adolescence and young adulthood for males but not females. Finally, diminished moods in adolescence and negative emotions in young adulthood increase substance use for females but not for males. Policy implications and limitations for this analysis are discussed.