Adolescent Television Research Articles

Childhood and Adolescent Television Viewing and Metabolic Syndrome in Mid-Adulthood.

Excessive sedentary behaviors, such as television viewing or other screen time, may have adverse metabolic effects. We hypothesized that television viewing time in childhood would be associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome at 45 years of age. We studied a population-based birth cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972 and 1973. Parent- and self-reported weekday television viewing times were recorded at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 32 years. The primary outcome was metabolic syndrome at age 45 years, defined as 3 or more of: high glycated hemoglobin; high waist circumference; high blood triglyceride; low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and high blood pressure. Reported television viewing time and metabolic syndrome data were available for 870 (87%) of 997 surviving participants. Mean television viewing time between ages 5 and 15 years was associated with metabolic syndrome at 45 years of age. This association persisted after adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, and BMI at age 5 (odds ratio: 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 1.58; P = .006) and after further adjustment for adult television viewing (odds ratio: 1.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.54; P = .026). Childhood television viewing was also associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher BMI at 45 years of age. Time spent watching television during childhood and adolescence is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood. Interventions to reduce screen time for children and young people may have long-lasting benefits for health.

The Longitudinal Association of Childhood and Adolescent Television Viewing with Substance Use Disorders and Disordered Gambling in Adulthood up to Age 45

Excessive leisure-time television viewing in childhood has been associated with a range of poorer outcomes in adulthood and may represent an early form of addictive disorder. As addictive disorders are often correlated, we tested the hypothesis that television viewing in childhood and adolescence would be longitudinally associated with adulthood substance-related and behavioural addictive disorders in a population-based cohort born in 1972/1973. Weekday television viewing time was reported at multiple ages from 5 to 15 years, and criteria for alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders and disordered gambling were assessed at multiple adult ages up to 45 years. Higher television viewing times were associated with a greater likelihood of meeting diagnostic criteria for all substance-related disorders and disordered gambling in models that were adjusted for sex (p values < 0.05). After adjustment for childhood socioeconomic status and childhood self-control, mean television viewing time (hours/day) remained associated with tobacco use disorder (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04–1.42, p = 0.017) and disordered gambling (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66, p = 0.010). Excessive, leisure-time television viewing in childhood and adolescence may be a modifiable risk factor for tobacco use disorder and/or disordered gambling in later life.

Redevelopment of critical terms and recognition in post-feminist media criticism

Confusion and conflict characterize popular feminism in the US around the turn of the century. We appear to have reached an alternative linguistic world where words may connote both meaning and opposing meaning, where labels are more important than the theory behind the label. For example, feminists debate anti-feminism, post-feminism, Third-Wave Feminism, Women of Color Feminism, and Power Feminism. Second-wave feminist views including liberal, radical, cultural, socialist, and Marxist feminisms are still around. Variant usage of the same word, often according to the writer's country context, add to current misunderstanding about what feminism implies and its various modifiers imply. People magazine or the dramatic adolescent television series Dawson's Creek have both made references to post-feminism. These sources may reach a large audience, but seldom recognize the importance of using terms like post-feminism or explain their meaning to people unfamiliar with theoretical arguments. Despite the debate over terminology, feminism remains a crucial viewpoint for identifying and resolving current oppressions and inequalities. This theoretical ambiguity stems from the development of feminist views and lived experiences since the peak of second-wave feminism. Change and growth are anticipated.

Comportamentos de Risco à Saúde em adolescentes: uma associação entre o Tempo de Televisão e uso de álcool

The objective of this study was to describe health risk behaviors in adolescents and to verify the possible associations between them. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Teresina / PI, with 540 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. The instrument used for data collection was an adaptation of the COMPAC project questionnaire. About 35% of teens reported watching television for four hours, only 22% reported using their computer for one to two hours, while 60% reported using their cell phone for more than four hours during the week. The percentage of adolescents considered physically inactive was greater than 35%. More than 15% of adolescents consumed alcoholic beverages one to two times, and 11% consumed up to two doses per week. The amount of daily doses of alcoholic beverages was significantly associated with TV watching time per week (OR = 2.45, p = 0.040) and at the weekend (OR = 2.05, p = 0.032). It was found a high prevalence of physically inactive adolescents and time spent in sedentary behaviors. In addition, sedentary behavior was associated with alcohol consumption. Thus, it is important to rethink television and alcohol use in adolescents' daily lives.

Televisi dan Remaja: Implikasi Televisi pada Interaksi Sosial, Pembelajaran dan Politik Remaja

This study examines the effects of television in adolescents, where television involves teens in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of television and explain what influences television's influence on adolescents in Vocational High Schools. This type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative, where the research method used in this study uses numerical based data and determines the population and sample. which is done by giving questions or an online questionnaire (questionnaire) to teenagers at SMK Ghama Caraka. Population criteria studied were adolescents aged 15-17 years. Respondents were asked as many as 30 people and taken using purposive sampling, namely the determination of sample techniques with certain considerations or with certain characteristics used with the questionnaire. Analysis of the data used in this research is to use descriptive statistics. This research data management uses SPSS 24 for windows to help analyze statistical data. And the results of this study prove that there is an influence of television on adolescents in SMK Ghama Caraka in social interaction, learning and politics in adolescents.&#x0D; Keywords: adolescents; effects; television

Analysis of coordinating capacities in schools of grades 10 and 11 in a public school of Bogotá

Abstract Studies that address the problem of excess weight and inactive behaviors such as television and video games in children and adolescents have focused on chronic noncommunicable diseases, with few studies about the effects of sedentary lifestyle on coordination capacities (balance, precision and movement capacity). The objective of the study is to analyze the coordinative capacities in school children of grades 10 and 11 in a public school in Bogotá. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 63 schoolchildren (30 men and 33 women) with an average age of 16.24 ± 0.689. The motor quotient was evaluated by means of the KTK test with the authorization of the institutional ethics committee, assent signature and informed consent. Descriptive statistics were obtained (mean SD frequencies, percentages). Data were tested using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test was applied to measure the significant difference among the variables. P-value less than 0.05 was considered a significant difference. The motor quotient showed the following qualifications: symptomatic 11.1% (n = 7), normal 58.7% (n = 37) and good 30.2% (n = 19). Statistically significant differences (p &amp;lt; 0,05) were found in the motor quotient between boys (37,048) and girls (34,374), with girls being mainly in the symptomatic category. It can be concluded that girls need to increase motor experiences to improve their coordinative abilities. The importance of this study consisted in the possibility of identifying the effects of sedentarism on coordination capacities, as well as the impact produced by the current government by reducing hours of physical education in schools, leading to an increase in sedentarism. For this reason, it is essential to develop research aimed at stimulating coordination capacities in schoolchildren as a strategy to reduce public health problems. Key messages For this reason, it is essential to develop research aimed at stimulating coordination capacities in schoolchildren as a strategy to reduce public health problems. Promotion of public policy as a Determining factor in the reduction of sedentarism in children, through Strategies that include assessment of Coordinating Capacities of schoolchildren.

Childhood and adolescent television viewing and internalising disorders in adulthood

Time spent watching television during childhood and adolescence has been linked to socio-emotional and physical health problems in adulthood. It is unclear whether excessive television viewing is a risk factor for internalising mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Longitudinal associations between television viewing in childhood and adult diagnoses of anxiety and depression were investigated in a population-based birth cohort from Dunedin, New Zealand. Mean weekday television viewing time was reported by parents and adolescents between ages 5 and 15 years (1977–1987). Diagnoses of any anxiety disorder and major depression were made using standard criteria from symptoms reported for the previous year at ages 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years (between 1990 and 2012). Analyses adjusted for sex, parent and teacher reports of worry/fearfulness at age 5, and socioeconomic status during childhood. Diagnoses were counted if present at any of these assessments. Approximately half of all participants met criteria for anxiety disorder or depression during at least one adult assessment. Participants who had watched more television during childhood and adolescence were more likely to have a diagnosis of anxiety in sex-adjusted analyses (OR [95% CI] 1.22 [1.05, 1.41], p = 0.01), although this association weakened after adjustment for early childhood worry/fearfulness and socioeconomic status. There was no association between television viewing and depression in sex- or fully-adjusted analyses. Excessive television viewing during childhood and adolescence may be a risk factor for developing an anxiety disorder in adulthood, but does not appear to influence the long-term risk for major depression.

Exposición a la Violencia y Riesgo Suicida en Adolescentes Colombianos

The association between suicide risk and exposure to violence in the home, street, school, television in adolescents of Santa Marta (Colombia) was analyzed. A sample of 210 adolescents aged 12–19 years (M = 14.6 SD = 1.38) was evaluated. The subjects responded to the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale and the Violence Exposure Scale. We found a bivariate association with exposure to violence in the home. In an adjusted logistic regression model the support of parents / siblings / friends (OR = 0.213 CI 95% = 0.70-0649) is a protective factor for suicidal risk, while female gender (OR = 5.397 95% CI = 2.541-11.460), exposure to violence in the home (OR = 2.344, 95% CI = 1.161-4.298) and difficulties in entering education (OR = 3.257, 95% CI = 1013-10.467) are risk factors. It is concluded that adolescent women, victims of domestic violence and with problems to access basic education are more likely to present suicidal risk.

Parental Influence on Adolescent Preference for Television Public Affairs Content: A South Korean Panel Study

In this study, I examined parental influence on the development of preference for television public affairs content as a component of political socialization that empowers adolescents to acquire information about politics and civic affairs. A pooled sample ( N = 795) constructed from multiple survey waves (2011-2014) from the annual Korean Media Panel Study was used for the data analysis. The findings showed that mothers—not fathers—had an influence on adolescent preference for public affairs content regardless of their children’s gender. The study thus unmasked a gendered mechanism of parental influence on adolescent television habits.

Motivacijski aspekti, učestalost gledanja i ovisnost o televiziji adolescenata

Motivacijski aspekti, učestalost gledanja i ovisnost o televiziji adolescenata

Adolescent Snacking Behaviors Are Associated with Dietary Intake and Weight Status

Background: Most adolescents consume ≥1 snack/d; exploring the relevance of snacking patterns for overall diet and weight status is important to guide dietary counseling and public health strategies for obesity prevention.Objective: This study examined intake of common energy-dense snack foods, total number of snacks consumed, frequency of consuming snacks prepared away from home, and frequency of snacking while watching television in adolescents and how these behaviors may be linked to diet and weight status. Relations were examined with attention to potential confounders that may help explain the mixed findings of previous research.Methods: Survey measures of snacking behavior, a food-frequency questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were completed by 2793 adolescents (53.2% girls, mean age = 14.4 y) in Minneapolis–St. Paul school classrooms in 2009–2010. Linear regression was used to examine associations with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and other potential confounding factors, such as meal skipping, underreporting energy intake, dieting to lose weight, and physical activity.Results: Adolescents reported consuming a mean of 2.2 energy-dense snack food servings/d and 4.3 snacks/d and purchasing snacks prepared away from home on 3.2 occasions/wk. More than two-thirds of adolescents reported that they sometimes, usually, or always consumed a snack while watching television. The measures of snacking were directly associated (P < 0.01) with higher energy, lower fruit/vegetable, higher sugar-sweetened beverage, and more frequent fast-food intakes in all models except for one: energy-dense snack food servings were not related to sugar-sweetened beverage intake. A direct relation between daily servings of energy-dense snack foods and body mass index (BMI) z score was found; however, the snacking behaviors were inversely related to BMI z score (P < 0.01).Conclusions: The observed cross-sectional associations suggest that snack consumption is a risk factor for poor diet, but unless energy-dense foods are consumed, snacking does not consistently contribute to overweight in US adolescents.

Wanting to See People Like Me? Racial and Gender Diversity in Popular Adolescent Television.

Media are one source for adolescent identity development and social identity gratifications. Nielsen viewing data across the 2014-2015 television season for adolescents ages 14-17 was used to examine racial and gender diversity in adolescent television exposure. Compared to US Census data, mainstream shows under represent women, but the proportion of Black characters is roughly representative. Black adolescents watch more television than non-Black adolescents and, after taking this into account, shows popular with Black adolescents are more likely than shows popular with non-Black adolescents to exhibit racial diversity. In addition, shows popular with female adolescents are more likely than shows popular with males to exhibit gender diversity. These results support the idea that adolescents seek out media messages with characters that are members of their identity groups, possibly because the characters serve as tools for identity development and social identity gratifications.

Television viewing and obesity among Iranian children: the importance of economic status and residential area

Background: Obesity is a health problem among adolescents worldwide and television (TV) viewing could promote it in several ways . Objective: To determine the association between time spent on TV viewing and obesity considering economic status and residential area in primary schoolchildren in the north of Iran. Method : A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on primary schoolchildren from 112 schools . Schools and students were chosen by cluster sampling. All children completed a questionnaire containing questions on the socio-economic condition. Overweight and obesity were classified based on the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) values with body mass index (BMI) in excess of the 85th and 95th percentiles, respectively. Daily time spent on TV viewing was classified into 3 groups: less than 1 hour or no watching, 1-2 hours and 3 hours or over. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results: Study population comprised 7,453 primary schoolchildren (urban 3,662, rural 3,791). Of the subjects 52.7% viewed TV for 3 hours or more. In boys, prevalence of obesity had a positive association with TV viewing time but in girls, it was not a steady trend. In urban areas, time spent on TV viewing was in line with obesity but wasting significantly decreased with more time spent on TV viewing (P=0.001). This association was not seen in rural children. In the poor economic group, prevalence of obesity significantly decreased with more time spent on TV viewing (P=0.041) but this trend was not found in the moderate economic group. In the good economic group, the association between obesity and time spent on the TV viewing was not significant. Conclusion: About half of Iranian northern schoolchildren spent 3 hours or more daily viewing TV. A positive association between time spent on TV viewing and obesity was seen in high income families and in urban areas. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2015; 44(3): 147-152

Transing the small screen: loving and hating transgender youth in Glee and Degrassi

The teen television shows Glee (2009-) and Degrassi (2001-) are notable for diversity in gender and sexuality representations. Glee represents a variety of masculine women and feminine men as well as gay, lesbian, and bisexual characters. Likewise, Canada's Degrassi franchise has portrayed non-heterosexual characters in significant and controversial ways. Its most recent incarnation, Degrassi (previously Degrassi: The Next Generation) is discussed in this article, alongside Glee, in relation to their recent inclusions of two transgender-identified teenagers bringing transgenderism to the fore of these programmes' discussions of gender and identity. As trans youth are highly vulnerable due to both systemic ageism and cisgenderism, it is not surprising that both detail narratives of discrimination and assault driven by bigotry and ignorance. Conversely, they also explore more positive aspects of the lives of young people, such as friendship and romance (even as these cause their own problems at times), also enjoyed by trans youth. As such, the themes of ‘love’ and ‘hate’ manifest in interesting ways in both of these televisual texts and guide this article's analysis. While challenging assumptions that trans lives are governed by negative emotional states, these representations continue to reify stereotypes, not only of transness, but also of boyhood, girlhood, race and their intersections. Both representations are grounded in material and emotional journeys (or movements) and the concept of the ‘moving body’ (Keegan, 2013) partly informs these readings. The privileging of certain modes of trans personhood and embodiment over less normative (unseen, unacknowledged, and thus invisible) ones is at stake in these representations, but they also lay the groundwork for diverse future depictions. By addressing this gap in research, this article elucidates how gender (diversity) is being constructed for consumption on adolescent television and its potential for (re)thinking trans/gender, identity, and embodiment for young people in contemporary Western societies.

A content analysis of weight stigmatization in popular television programming for adolescents.

This study provides updated information regarding the prevalence and characteristics of weight stigma in popular adolescent television programming, using a sample of favorite shows named by diverse adolescents. Participants in a large, population-based study of Minnesota adolescents (N = 2,793, mean age = 14.4) listed their top three favorite television shows. A coding instrument was developed to analyze randomly selected episodes from the most popular 10 programs. Weight-stigmatizing incidents were compared across television show characteristics and characters' gender and weight status. Half (50%) of the 30 episodes analyzed contained at least one weight-stigmatizing incident. Both youth- and adult-targeted shows contained weight-stigmatizing comments, but the percent of these comments was much higher for youth-targeted (55.6%) than general audience-targeted shows (8.3%). Male characters were more likely than females to engage in (72.7% vs. 27.3%), and be the targets of, weight stigma (63.6% vs. 36.4%), and there was no difference in the amount of weight stigmatizing directed at average weight females compared to overweight females. Targets of these instances showed a negative response in only about one-third of cases, but audience laughter followed 40.9% of cases. The portrayal of weight stigmatization on popular television shows-including targeting women of average weight-sends signals to adolescents about the wide acceptability of this behavior and the expected response, which may be harmful. Prevention of weight stigmatization should take a multi-faceted approach and include the media. Future research should explore the impact that weight-related stigma in television content has on viewers.

The role of television in adolescents’ sexual attitudes: Exploring the explanatory value of the three-step self-objectification process

A three-wave panel study of adolescent boys and girls (N=1041) tested an integrative model to explore whether the multidimensional process of self-objectification acts as an explanatory mechanism for the well-documented influence of sexual television messages on adolescents’ acceptance of gendered sexual roles. A structural equation model showed that viewing sexualizing sitcoms (time 1) predicted the internalization of appearance ideals and valuing appearance over competence (time 2). In turn, the internalization of appearance ideals positively predicted body surveillance and valuing appearance over competence (all time 2). Valuing appearance over competence also predicted body surveillance (all time 2). Finally, the internalization of appearance ideals (time 2) positively predicted acceptance of gendered sexual roles (time 3). The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings to explain the relationships among sexualizing media, self-objectification and the developing sexuality and body image of adolescents.

Adolescentes consumidores de televisión: autopercepciones sobre sus derechos

The paper analyses the perceptions of a representative sample of the Spanish population aged between 12 and 18 with respect to the protection of their rights by television channels. To this end, a survey was distributed with 59 questions designed specifically for much wider research to analyse the opinion of minors on the protection of their rights on television and the Internet. No question in the survey referred to specific channels or programmes identified by the researchers and the information on these arose from the adolescents’ own opinions. The results presented refer to data on television and, more specifically, the respect of the fundamental rights of television viewers in general and those of minors in particular. From these results, we can conclude that adolescents clearly perceive the infringement of the following rights: equality, dignity and privacy; objective, accurate and pluralistic information; free expression and opinion – particularly when this refers to children. Likewise, they demonstrate a critical position which rejects types of programmes that do not respect their rights. Researchers propose that this critical ability of younger viewers be utilised from a dual perspective: on the one hand to create a school of citizenship and, secondly, to encourage social change to bring about a more just and equitable society. El artículo analiza la percepción que tiene una muestra representativa de la población española de entre 12 y 18 años sobre la protección de sus derechos en las cadenas de televisión. Para conseguir este objetivo, se aplicó un cuestionario de 59 preguntas diseñado para una investigación más amplia en la que se analizaba la opinión de los menores sobre la protección de sus derechos en la televisión y en Internet. Ninguna pregunta del cuestionario se refería a cadenas o programas concretos identificados por los investigadores y la información sobre estos partía de la propia opinión de los adolescentes. Los resultados que se presentan se refieren a los datos sobre televisión y, más concretamente, al respeto por los derechos fundamentales de los telespectadores en general, y de los de los menores en particular. De estos resultados se concluye que los adolescentes perciben claramente la vulneración de los derechos de igualdad, dignidad e intimidad, a la información objetiva veraz y plural y a la libre expresión y opinión –especialmente cuando ésta se refiere a los niños–. Igualmente muestran una postura crítica y de rechazo hacia los tipos de programas que no respetan sus derechos. Se propone utilizar esta capacidad crítica de los telespectadores desde una doble perspectiva: por una parte para crear escuela de ciudadanía y, por otra, para generar una sociedad más justa y equitativa.

Why is Reality Television (TV) so Appealing? An Examination of Factors Affecting Adolescent Television Viewing

This paper proposes to examine the various reasons why adolescents watch reality television. The sample included 178 students in grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 attending a suburban high school. The Incidence of Reality Television Viewing Scale measured prevalence of adolescent television viewing. Teens who displayed higher incidences of reality television viewing significantly reported lower levels of life satisfaction. Peer acceptance, voyeurism, perceptions of real life situations, and adolescent implementation of reality television behavior or social learning are significant factors influencing adolescent reality television viewing. While age does not significantly impact adolescent television viewing, gender does as girls watch reality television more than boys, are more likely to exhibit voyeurism, display a greater need for peer acceptance, utilize what they had learned from reality television viewing, and believe what they see as real in reality television. Overall, GPA has significant influence on the factors of voyeurism, peer acceptance, and adolescent implementation of reality television behavior or social learning. This study also found a significant relationship between the incidence of social networking and the incidence of reality television viewing as adolescents who indicate a greater incidence of social networking also exhibit a greater incidence of reality television viewing.

Negotiation of the Autonomy–Connectedness Dialectic in Adolescent Television Dramas: An Up-Close Look at Everwood, Seventh Heaven, and Veronica Mars

This study examines the relational maintenance strategies used to negotiate autonomy and connectedness in father–child relationships portrayed in adolescent television dramas. Episodes of 3 programs—Everwood, Seventh Heaven, and Veronica Mars—were coded for relational maintenance behaviors. Sharing information about activities, manipulating physical distance, and sharing emotions were among the most frequently occurring behaviors. Because television can have a socializing effect on viewers, studying the maintenance strategies used in popular adolescent television dramas can increase understanding of 1 element of adolescent viewer socialization.

Childhood and Adolescent Television Viewing and Antisocial Behavior in Early Adulthood

To investigate whether excessive television viewing throughout childhood and adolescence is associated with increased antisocial behavior in early adulthood. We assessed a birth cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972-1973, at regular intervals from birth to age 26 years. We used regression analysis to investigate the associations between television viewing hours from ages 5 to 15 years and criminal convictions, violent convictions, diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, and aggressive personality traits in early adulthood. Young adults who had spent more time watching television during childhood and adolescence were significantly more likely to have a criminal conviction, a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder, and more aggressive personality traits compared with those who viewed less television. The associations were statistically significant after controlling for sex IQ, socioeconomic status, previous antisocial behavior, and parental control. The associations were similar for both sexes, indicating that the relationship between television viewing and antisocial behavior is similar for male and female viewers. Excessive television viewing in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased antisocial behavior in early adulthood. The findings are consistent with a causal association and support the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation that children should watch no more than 1 to 2 hours of television each day.