Adolescent Schoolboys Research Articles

Effect of yogic practices on physical and physiological variables among adolescent school boys

The purpose of the random group experimental study was to find out the effect of yogic practices on Physical and Physiological variables among Adolescent School Boys. 30 Adolescent Boys were selected from Chennai, between the age group of 14 and 19 years and they were divided into two groups I, and II with 15 subjects each. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences among the Adolescent School Boys on Physical and Physiological variables. Preliminary test was taken for two Groups on Physical and Physiological variables before the start of the training program. Group I subjects were given Yogic practices for 45 minutes, 6 days a week for a total period of eight weeks. Group II (Control Group) were in active rest. After the experimental period, the two groups were retested again on the same selected dependent variable. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences between the experimental group and the control group. The test of significance was fixed at 0.05 level of confidence.

Effects on Cognitive Development Among Adolescent School Children by the Practice of Trataka Kriya

The Tratak kriya is considered to be the best way to increase concentration and calming the mind. In view of this a study was conducted among adolescent school children, both boys and girls, studying at a local Aided school in Hyderabad, Telangana state, India. To assess the role of Trataka kriya (a visual concentration yogic procedure) on cognitive performances with the emphasis on concentration and academic performances. A random sample of 34 students 19 boys and 15 girls pursuing 8th and 9th secondary education were selected for the study and were explained the study protocol. They were taught the Trataka kriya and asked to continue to practice every day for 3 months (90 days). The subjects were assessed for letter cancelation test on day one, after 30 days and after 90 days of continue practice. The results has shown a non-significant improvement in letter cancellation score i.e., after 30 (t=-234 p & lt; 0.008) days of practice and improved significantly after 90days of practice (t=-5.661, p<0.0001) and between 30 to 90 days of practice. (t=-5.774, p<0.0001). The changes are much higher in boys, compared to girls. Apart from the improvement in letter cancellation tests, all the subjects had got a better percentage of marks in their academic exams at the end of the study.

Impact of pilates and plank exercise on leg strength of adolescent school boys in Prakasam District-Andhra Pradesh

In order to evaluate the real facts the detective made a challenge to examine the impact of Pilates and Plank Exercise on Leg Strength of adolescent school boys. Their aged of the subject ranged from 14 to 16 years. Selected subjects was randomly assigned to Three equal groups (n=15), group I underwent Pilates Exercise (PE) and group II underwent plank exercise, group III acted as control group (CG). The Pilates and Plank Exercise was given to the experimental group for 6 days per week for the period of 12 weeks. The control group did not practice in any training except their routine work. The following variables were measured with standard test items: Leg strength . Pre and post test was conducted on separate days with warm up. The leg strength measured by Standing Broad jump in meters. The obtained ‘F’ ratio was tested for significance at 0.05 level of confidence. Scheffe’s post-hoc test of significance was employed in order to test the significant difference between paired adjusted means.

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE SPEED TRAINING PROGRAM OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL BOYS

Speed is one of the vital motor abilities that need to start the developmental process at the early ages of the players. The study aims to identify the progression of progressive speed training basis on the duration of training of the Santali tribe and Bengali teen boys. Subjects were Santali tribe and Bengali adolescent schoolboys and their ages ranged between 13 to 15 years selected from Bankura District of West Bengal, India. These two groups were further divided into control and experimental groups and in each of the groups, there were 20 students. Initially, 4 weeks of uniform conditioning trainings were given to all groups before the pretest T1 was conducted. Further, consecutively 3 more post-tests were conducted every 4 weeks after providing progressive speed training. For the comparison, MANOVA, ANOVA, and LSD post hock test were employed and the Mean value was seen in the descriptive part. The result of the study reveals that Non-tribal (Bengali) and Tribal (Santali) adolescent schoolboys responded positively with the designed progressive speed training. This progression of tests timing took place progressively over time on the Bengali and Santali boys almost similarly. Though the Santali boys took the upper hand over Bengali boys numerically at the final stage of progression in the timing of the speed test, on the contrary in the first two post-tests, T2 & T3 progression took place almost in the same fashion. It is concluded that alike progressive speed training is almost equally effective for Santali tribe and Bengali adolescent boys for the development of sprinting ability.
 
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Health-related physical fitness among adolescent school boys in Madinah city, western Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to measure health-related physical fitness components (cardiorespiratory fitness, body fat, muscle strength, flexibility) among adolescent school boys in Madinah, western Saudi Arabia. The participants comprised 36 male students who performed a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined using the bioelectrical impedance scale; hand grip strength was measured using a hand grip dynamometer; and flexibility was determined using the sit and reach test. The results of the health-related physical fitness tests reveal that the mean (± SD) value of estimated VO2max was 41.1 ± 6.9 (ml.kg.min). The mean (± SD) values of BF%, right-hand grip strength, left-hand grip strength, and flexibility were 18.7 ± 8.6 (%), 33.3 ± 5.6 (kg), 32.8 ± 5.7 (kg), and 15.8 ± 3.9 (cm), respectively. With the exception of flexibility, we conclude that it is necessary to improve health-related physical fitness components, particularly muscle strength, among Saudi adolescent school boys in Madinah city.

Analysis of the Effect of Progressive Speed Training on Tribal and Non-tribal School Boys

Sprint training should start at the early stages of the athletes considering the importance of it as one of the most important motor abilities to achieve the best performance of the athlete at the desired age. The study aims to identify the progression of progressive speed training basis on the duration of training of the Santali tribe and Bengali high school boys. Subjects were Santali tribe and Bengali adolescent schoolboys and their ages ranged between 13 to 15 years selected from Bankura District of West Bengal, India. These two groups were further divided into control and experimental groups and in each of the groups, there were 20 students. Initially, 4 weeks of uniform conditioning training was given to all groups before the pretest T1 was conducted. Further, consecutively 3 more post-tests (T2, T3, & T4) were conducted after every 4 weeks providing progressive speed training. In the descriptive part Mean trimming was revealed. For the comparison of performed Tests timing, MANOVA, ANOVA, and LSD post hock test were employed. The result of the study reveals that Non-tribal (Bengali) and Tribal (Santali) adolescent schoolboys responded positively with the designed progressive speed training. This progression of sprint test timing took place progressively over time on the Bengali and Santali boys distinctly within the groups. Progression of Bengali boys took place from Test 1 to Test 2 numerically but not statistically, which is the dissimilarity in the process of progression of speed ability with the Santali boys. It is concluded that alike progressive speed training is equally effective for the Santali tribe and Bengali schoolboys but the progression of Bengali Boys begins a bit slower in the early stages than the Santali tribe in the sprint ability.

Assessment of mean testicular volume in adolescent school boys of Udaipur district in 10 to 18 years at different stages of pubertal development

Background: The most obvious and important changes during puberty are secondary sexual characters. To check the correlation between testicular volumes with secondary sexual characters, nutritional status in Udaipur schoolboy’s assessment of testicular volume by prayer orchidometer is easy and reliable and accurate method in community. Aim of the study was to find out mean testicular volume by prader orchidometer at different stages of pubertal development.Methods: Children between 10 to 18 years of age (525 in numbers) from schools of Udaipur city were included. Children thoroughly examined for presence of any systemic disorders or major surgery was excluded. Informed consent with parents was taken Testicular volume assessment done by praders orchidometer with Tanner staging and correlation was statically analysed.Results: Maximum boys belonged to 15-16 years of age group (14.7%), and minimum belongs to 10-11 years age group (9.3%). Secondary sexual characters increases as mean testicular volume increases. The mean testicular volume for P1 (4.46 ml) and P5 (22.68 ml) and G1 (4.69 ml) and G5 (23.27 ml) with a p<0.05.Conclusions: Testicular volume adds more objectivity in SMR detection and helps to differentiate early genital maturation than pubic hair. Study population had early rise of testicular volume before pubic hair clinically visible which shows that testicular volume is the first to increase with the onset of puberty.

Assessment of mean testicular volume in adolescent school boys of Udaipur district (10–18 years) at different stages of pubertal development

Background: The most important changes during puberty are secondary sexual characters. Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the mean testicular volume (MTV) by Prader orchidometer at different stages of pubertal development. Materials and Methods: Children between 10 and 18 years of age (sample size 525) from schools of Udaipur city were included in the study. Children, who underwent major surgery or having any systemic disorders, were excluded from the study. TV assessment was done by Prader’s orchidometer with Tanner staging and correlation was statistically analyzed. Results: The maximum boys belonged to 15–16 years of age group (14.7%), and 9.3% of boys were in 10–11 years of age group. The secondary sexual characters were observed to increase with the increase in MTV. The MTV for P1 was 4.46 ml, for P5 was 22.68 ml, and for G1 and G5, it was 4.69 ml and 23.27 ml, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: TV adds more objectivity in the detection of sexual maturation and helps to differentiate early genital maturation than pubic hair. The study population had an early rise of TV before pubic hairs were clinically visible which showed that it was the first to increase with the onset of puberty.

Knowledge and practice of testicular self-examination among secondary students at Ntare School in Mbarara District, South western Uganda.

IntroductionTesticular self-examination (TSE) is a screening technique that involves inspection of the appearance and palpation of the testes to detect any changes from the normal. Globally, the incidence of cancer has increased among which is testicular cancer (TC). Data on this topic among male secondary school adolescents in Uganda is limited therefore this study sought to assess the knowledge and practice of testicular self-examination among secondary students at Ntare School, Mbarara District in south western Uganda. The objective of the study is to assess the knowledge and practice of testicular self-examination among secondary students at Ntare School in Mbarara district, south western Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study among 165 students. Recruitment was made using simple random sampling technique. Respondents were selected among advanced level (A’ level) male students studying at Ntare School in Mbarara district, south western Uganda. Structured self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection.ResultsOf the male students, 41.8% reported to have knowledge about TSE and only 23.6% practiced TSE. Most students rated their knowledge of TSE to be below 5 (from 1-10). Of the 39 students who admitted performing TSE, only 16 did so as recommended (monthly).ConclusionThe knowledge and practice of TSE were low among adolescent secondary school boys in Ntare School in Mbarara District, south western Uganda. This suggests that these students are unaware of the value of this personal health promotion tool which is fundamental in early diagnosis of testicular cancer.

An Epidemiological Study of Blood Pressure and Its Relation with Anthropometric Measurements among Schoolboys of Burdwan Municipal Area, West Bengal.

Background:High blood pressure (BP) is often an underdiagnosed problem, because of the asymptomatic nature in early phases of onset during adolescence. This increases the chances of developing complications later during adult life.Objective:The objective of this study was to find the relationship of BP with anthropometric measurements among school-going adolescent boys.Materials and Methods:It was a cross-sectional study conducted among 894 adolescent schoolboys aged 13 to 18 years from July 2013 to October 2014 in schools of Burdwan Municipal area, West Bengal. The required number of students from each school was determined by proportional probability sampling. Then, the required number of students from each school was selected by systematic random sampling technique. BP and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and waist circumference were done using standard guidelines.Results:The mean systolic and mean diastolic BP in the study participants was significantly higher with an increase in weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05). BP was found to be positively correlated with different anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference, and BMI, which were statistically significant.Conclusion:Early detection of high BP and application of lifestyle modification among adolescents will be helpful in reducing the burden of high BP in adult life.

Assessment of Secondary Sexual Development of Adolescent School Boys of Aligarh

Introduction: Adolescence comprises a period in the life cycle between childhood and adulthood. It is a period between 10 to 19 years. Biological, social and environmental factors influence the definitive onset and termination of adolescence. There is wide individual variation in pubescence and the rate of acquisition of pubertal changes. The rapid changes during the adolescence include increase in body dimensions, i.e. growth and progressive attainment of adult status, i.e. maturation. Objective: To study the secondary sexual development in adolescent school boys using Tanner staging. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was done covering 500 students between 10-19 years of age from rural and urban schools of district Aligarh. Students were interviewed and sexual maturity rating (SMR) was observed using Tanner stages. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS 20 and tested statistically. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: SMR-1 ranged from age 10-12 yrs, SMR-2 ranged from 11-14 yrs. SMR-3 started from age 12 yrs and ended gradually at 18 yrs. Similarly SMR-4 started from 14 yrs and SMR-5 at 15 yrs. Conclusion: Adolescent showed different maturity stages on same age. Though it is a vulnerable age group therefore it should be given priority in national health programs.

Analysis of Muscular Endurance among Adolescent School Boys of North-Eastern States of India

In the present pushbutton era most of the adolescent are not participating in leisure activities and concentrate are on studies. Regular physical activity would be important for life’s quality even if it had no relationship to disease and longevity. Physical activity is a significant ingredient in the quality of life, because it increases energy and promotes, physical and mental well being in addition to conferring health benefits. Boys from various schools of [Tripura (TR), Meghalaya (ML), Assam (AS), Mizoram (MZ), Manipur (MN), Nagaland (NL) and Arunachal Pradesh (A.R.)] (N=21000) North-Eastern states of India were selected as subjects at random. Their age ranged from 13 to 15 years (studying from 7th to 10th standard). Muscular endurance was measured by the number of sit-ups in a one minute. The collected data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. Among the groups, if any significant difference, scheffe’s post hoc test was used to find out the paired mean difference (P ? 0.05). The results of the study show that the adolescent boys of North-Eastern states were differ on muscular endurance. Hence it was concluded that, age, geographical region, growth, social behaviour, food habits and level of physical activity may influence the muscular endurance of adolescent boys.

Relationships Between Fitness on the Cognitive Function and Academic Performance of Sedentary Adolescent Schoolboys

Relationships Between Fitness on the Cognitive Function and Academic Performance of Sedentary Adolescent Schoolboys

Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of varicocele among adolescent schoolboys at Cotonou

Objectives The consequences of varicocele can be dramatic, with reproduction difficulties. This survey aimed to determine the prevalence of varicocele among schoolboys at Cotonou and describe its clinical aspects. Patients and methods This prospective and analytical study, complying with all ethical requirements, was conducted from 1 February to 31 August 2012 on schoolboys of secondary schools in Cotonou who were aged between 10 and 19 years. The data collected included information on sociodemographic characteristics such as age and ethnicity and clinical aspect symptoms such as history, physical signs, level of sexual maturity, grade of varicocele, testicular volume, and associated anomalies. Results The prevalence of varicocele was 5.47% (149/2724). The ages of boys with varicocele ranged between 12 and 19 years (mean age 16.50± 2.03 years). The peak prevalence of varicocele was 18 years and it varied significantly with age, ethnicity, and level of sexual development. Varicocele was symptomatic in only 28.86% of cases. The associated symptoms were scrotal weight (17.44%) and scrotal pain (14.77%), and these occurred mainly during football or intense physical effort (36.91%). Family history was remarkable in some cases. This pathology was mainly located at the left (76.51%). On the basis of the Amelar and Dublin classification, varicoceles were of grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively, in 2.25, 2.56, and 0.97% of cases. Left testicular hypotrophy was clinically noticed in 34.90% of boys affected by varicocele but with respect to severity. Conclusion More attention should be given to this issueby establishing a nationwide program of detection and treatment of varicocele in schools. Keywords : adolescents, epidemiologic clinical aspects, varicocele

Testicular-self examination among Nigerian adolescent secondary school boys: knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Testicular-self examination (TSE) is a cheap and easy-to-perform procedure for early detection of testicular cancer but data on this subject is lacking in Nigeria, particularly among male adolescents. To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of testicular-self examination among secondary school boys. Knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to TSE were assessed, using anonymous structured self-administered questionnaires in a sample of 540 secondary school boys aged between 15 and 20 years. Nearly all (98.7%) the male students had never heard of TSE and had hardly practiced TSE. Of the 7 students who admitted examining their testicles, none did so at the recommended level (10 or more times per year) and did not follow the standard procedure for TSE. Nearly half (47.2%) of the participants had a positive intention to start performing TSE regularly after hearing of TSE (through the questionnaire and subsequent teaching on the subject). The level of knowledge, practice and the rating of the importance of TSE are all very low among adolescent secondary school boys in Benin City, suggesting that these students are unaware of the value of this personal health surveillance tool. The students demonstrated a positive intention to start performing TSE regularly after hearing of TSE (through the questionnaire and subsequent teaching on the subject).

Effects of short-term disability awareness training on attitudes of adolescent schoolboys toward persons with a disability

Background Schoolboys (N = 156, M age = 13 years) participated in a disability awareness training program that included guest speakers (athletes from the Paralympics and the Special Olympics), a documentary about people with a disability, a disability simulation activity, and factual information about different disabilities.Method Participants were allocated to a training program or a control condition. Subsequently, control participants completed the training program. Attitudes toward disability were measured by the Chedoke–McMaster Attitudes Towards Children With Handicaps (CATCH) Scale and the scale from the “Just Like You” disability awareness intervention, before and after training.Results Training improved attitude scores, and gains were retained at one-month follow-up.Conclusions Disability awareness training that delivered relevant information by involving guest speakers with a disability, included documentary evidence about the lives of people with a disability, and included interactive discussion, was successful. CATCH and “Just Like You” are useful tools for measuring self-reported attitudes about disability.

The Effects of Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Training Follow a Detraining Period in Elementary School Students

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week training period of resistance training alone (GR), or combined resistance and endurance training (GCOM), followed by 12 weeks of detraining (DT) on body composition, explosive strength, and ·VO₂max adaptations in a large sample of adolescent school boys. Forty-two healthy boys recruited from a Portuguese public high school (age: 13.3 ± 1.04 years) were assigned to 2 experimental groups to train twice a week for 8 weeks: GR (n = 15), GCOM (n = 15), and a control group (GC: n = 12; no training program). Significant training-induced differences were observed in 1- and 3-kg medicine ball throw gains (GR: +10.3 and +9.8%, respectively; GCOM: +14.4 and +7%, respectively), whereas no significant changes were observed after a DT period in both the experimental groups. Significant training-induced gains in the height and length of the countermovement (vertical-and-horizontal) jumps were observed in both the experimental groups. No differences were perceived after a DT period in lower limb power. Time at 20 m decreased significantly for both intervention programs (GR: -11.5% and GCOM: -12.4%, <0.00), but either GR or GCOM groups kept the running speed after a DT period of 12 weeks. After training, the ·VO₂max increased only significantly for GCOM (4.6%, p = 0.01). A significant loss was observed after a DT period in GR but not in GCOM. Performing resistance and endurance training in the same workout does not impair strength development in young school boys. As expected, strength training by itself does not improve aerobic capacity. Our results also suggest that training program effects even persist at the end of the DT period.

OBESITY

Background: The problem of overweight and obesity is not confined only to developed countries but is also widely prevalent in developing countries. The study under report relates to determining prevalence of obesity and overweight in adolescent school boys. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys of public and private secondary schools, Faisalabad, and to relate it with their dietary style and physical activity. Study Design: Cross sectional and institutional based study. Methods: A total of 600 school boys of different age groups from the classes 6th to 10th were randomly selected and included for anthropometric measurements to categorize them into normal, overweight and obese individual. Their diet pattern and physical activity records were taken to correlate it with the obesity level. Results: The collected data revealed that 423 (70.5%) boys were normal. Whereas 98 (16.3%) were found to be overweight. Out of these, 72 (24.0%) were from private schools; while 26 (8.7%) were from government schools. Only 6 (2.0%) fell into obese category, and all belonged to private schools. No one was found to be obese in government schools. Mean ± SD weights (kg) in government and private school boys were 50.93 ± 7.18 and 56.34 ± 11.94, respectively whereas mean ± SD heights (m) of government and private schools boys were found to be 1.55 ± 6.64 and 1.56 ± 7.92 respectively. The data was statistically analyzed which exhibited significant relation with weight and BMI value. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in boys who ate junk foods and spent more time in watching television and sitting before computers. The findings of this study was found in agreement with certain earlier studies that revealed prevalence of obesity is to be on the increase among the private school boys of the area. It is, therefore, emphasized that regular physical exercise, regulated television viewing, doing household activities, balanced diet and healthy eating habits should be motivated in school children to ensure control of overweight and obesity, in this class of children.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adolescent Secondary School Boys in Ahad Rufeida, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

A cross-sectional stratified sample of 1249 adolescent secondary school boys was studied. More than 25% of boys did not practice any physical exercise. More than half of the parents (54.5%) were consanguineous. High prevalence of parental history of hypertension, diabetes and high blood lipids was found. Smoking amounted to 11.8%. The prevalence of obesity was 23.3%. The study showed that 6.8% had a high systolic blood pressure and 13.0% (162) had high diastolic blood pressure. There is a need for a national programme to prevent and control cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents.

Salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to bovine colostrum supplementation during regular training in physically active young healthy adolescents

Immunoglobulin (Ig) is an essential soluble mediator of humoral immunity to prevent infectious agents that invades the host. Secretory IgA is the main effecter in mucosal immunity and acts as...