Adolescent Girls In Urban Area Research Articles

Effect of Dietary Habits and Physical Activities on Abnormal Menstrual Cycle Pattern Amongst School-going Adolescent Girls Residing in the Foothills of the Himalayas: An Age-matched Case–Control Study

Abstract Background: The menstrual cycle pattern in women is related to high variability in cycle length of 21–35 days, flow lasts 4–7 days with an average loss of 15–80 ml of blood. The abnormal menstrual pattern is influenced by several factors, including dietary habits, physical exercises, family history of obesity and anthropometric parameters. Objectives: This research was carried out to establish numerous risk elements that depict abnormal menstrual cycle patterns amongst school-going adolescent girls in urban areas of Rishikesh, India. Methods: An age-matched case–control research was implemented in schools in the urban areas of Rishikesh between May and December 2019. A simple random sampling technique was carried out to choose urban wards and schools, and data were assembled in two steps. Adolescent girls (10–19 years) studying in the government and private schools (both Hindi and English medium) of urban Rishikesh areas were included and screened for abnormal menstrual patterns. Equal numbers of age-matched controls were also selected. Data were assembled using a self-scrutinised pre-designed pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The independent t-test, Mann–Whitney test, McNemar test, Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were applied for data analysis using the SPSS software version 23.0. Results: A total of 200 school-going adolescent girls (100 cases and 100 age-matched controls) were included in this study. The strength of getting symptoms of menstruation was high amongst cases, and it was found that adolescent girls with high menstrual symptoms had more chances of developing menstrual abnormalities (odds ratio = 6.6; confidence interval = 2.9–17.2). Menstrual abnormality was found significantly associated (P < 0.05) with reduced physical activity, unhealthy dietary patterns and family history of obesity amongst school-going adolescent girls. Conclusions: Unhealthy lifestyles, improper diet, reduced physical activity and family history of obesity were strongly associated with the abnormal menstrual cycle pattern.

IJCM_63A: Knowledge and perceptions of menstruation among school going adolescent girls in urban area of Kakinada – A mixed method

Background: Menstruation is a physiological process that all women go through. Menstrual Health and Hygiene (MHH) is essential to the well-being and empowerment of women and adolescent girls but appropriate MHH is hampered by taboos, secrecy and even stigma. The GOI/GOAP have launched several initiatives such as Health Education sessions in schools and celebration of menstrual hygiene week. Despite several initiatives, studies in India reveal that gaps exist in knowledge, perceptions and practices related to MHH Objectives: 1. To Assess the Knowledge of Menstruation among adolescents. 2. To explore the Perceptions about menstruation among school going adolescents. Methodology: A Mixed Method Study was conducted among school going adolescent girls and the study Participants were selected by convenient sampling technique during October 2023. Qualitative data was collected from adolescents by conducting 2 Focus group discussions (FGD) with 20 adolescent girls in 2groups and Quantitative data collected by using Pretested Semi Structured questionnaire from 50 students who are in class 10th of P.R.G. Girls high school Kakinada, after obtaining subjects assent and informed consent from the Parents/guardians of the adolescents. Prior approval from Institutional ethics committee was taken. Data was entered and analysed using MS Word, MS Excel & SPSS 21. Results: 88% have fair knowledge about menstruation. Mothers were the main source of information and advice regarding menstruation. FGDs revealed that the adolescents face stigma, embarrassment and hardships during menstruation both at school & home. Conclusion: Taboos, stigma and embarrassment and hindering the adolescents from appropriate MHM practices. Strategic approach towards menstruation would help to promote well - being of the adolescents.

Effectiveness of school-based sexual and reproductive health education among adolescent girls in Urban areas of Odisha, India: a cluster randomized trial

BackgroundVarious studies revealed that adolescent girls have limited knowledge pertaining to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The current study assessed the effectiveness of SRH education among adolescent girls in urban areas of Odisha, India.MethodsThe study design was a cluster randomized trial, where the clusters composed of eight Odia (regional language) medium government girls’ high schools in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of the state of Odisha, India. For the selection of study participants, adolescent girls who were studying in the ninth and tenth standards were recruited from each school. Eight schools were randomized through restrictive randomization at a 1:1 ratio, with four schools each in the intervention and control arm. Baseline and end-line assessments were done using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Following baseline assessment, an intervention was given with the help of handbooks developed by the study authors to the schools in the intervention arm. Outcomes included change in knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to SRH.ResultsIn our study at baseline, there were a total of 790 students, where 469 (59.4%) students were in the intervention arm, and 321 (40.6%) students were in the control arm. At baseline, only 282 (60.1%) in the intervention arm and 171 (53.3%) in the control arm were aware that physical bodily changes due to puberty were normal. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge in intervention group 367 (94.8%) (p-value < 0.001). Most students used sanitary pads as absorbent, 97.2% in the intervention group and 98.4% in the control group. However, after the intervention, the use of other absorbents reduced to zero in the intervention group with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The number of students having awareness on different methods of contraception increased from 51 (10.9%) to 337 (87.1%) in the intervention arm (p < 0.001), and of those having awareness on STIs/RTIs increased from 177 (38.2%) to 371 (96.1%) in the intervention group (p < 0.001).ConclusionFrom our study, there is a significant proportional change in knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to SRH. Our study recommends policymakers and program managers for the implementation of comprehensive SRH in the regular school curriculum.Trial registration CTRI/2021/01/030490, registered on January 15, 2021. Prospectively registered at https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php

Is Iron Deficiency Anemia still Becoming Community Health Problem in Urban Area?

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the common public health problems that found in various countries, including Indonesia. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia does not only occur in rural areas but also in urban areas. Iron deficiency that occurs in adolescent girls with or without anemia has a negative impact on immune function, growth and physical and mental development. Purpose: To determine the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in urban areas. Patients and methods: This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design. The research subjects were 52 young women aged 15-25 years living in the city of Semarang, Central Java. The subject will be taken a blood sample to check the complete blood profile and iron status, namely serum ferritin, serum iron, and serum TIBC (total iron binding capacity). Research data analysis was carried out using a computer program. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among female adolescents in urban areas in this study was 13.4% while adolescent girls who experienced iron deficiency without anemia were 13.4%. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia can occur in urban areas with a prevalence &gt; 5%.&#x0D;

Knowledge Impact of Anorexia Nervosa on Adolescent Girls: An exploratory survey

Every individual has various preferences for food and distinctive dietary patterns and wanting for some food tastes. These are on the whole ordinary inclinations with regards to considering about food, a portion of the people become fixated on food, weight and self-perception issues which lead to change in their dietary patterns; they may start to eat minuscule or very huge bits of food, or they may even quit eating for a critical time frame which may leads to Eating disorders which affects the mental health of an individual. However, they are completely treatable and have high chance of recovery. The Study Aims to compare the knowledge regarding anorexia nervosa between urban and rural areas. The Research approach used for the study was evaluative approach. The research design was exploratory survey method. Convenient sampling technique was adopted, the study was conducted in Porur for urban and Kondancheri for rural. At the end overall knowledge score, the mean level of knowledge in anorexia nervosa among adolescent girls in rural area are 19.5. The mean of level of knowledge of anorexia nervosa among adolescent girls in urban area is 23.6. The mean difference score is 4.1. The "t" value is 7.49. The degree of freedom is 29. The mean of urban area is higher than the rural area. The “t " value is scientifically significant. The study indicates that there is a great need for knowledge regarding anorexia nervosa to adolescent girls and their family members in rural areas.

Perceived neighborhood violence and crime, emotion regulation, and PTSD symptoms among justice-involved, urban African-American adolescent girls.

African-American adolescent girls in urban areas are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, and they are also disproportionately impacted by neighborhood violence and crime (NVC), which has been shown to positively associate with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Guided by an ecological (individual X context) perspective, the present study aimed to examine the main and interactive effects of perceived NVC and emotion regulation (ER) strategies in a sample of justice-involved, urban African-American adolescent girls (n = 85) following their release from detention centers. We investigated this research question longitudinally. Multiple linear regression models were conducted. PTSD symptoms at 3 months after release was used as the outcome variable, predicted by ER strategies, perceived NVC, and their interactions before release, controlling for PTSD symptoms and a brief screening of trauma events assessed beforen release. Simple slope analysis was used to probe significant interaction terms. The main effects of perceived NVC and dysfunctional ER were significant. A significant interaction effect was found between perceived NVC and internal dysfunction ER at baseline to predict PTSD symptoms at 3 months after release. High levels of internal dysfunctional ER intensified the positive association of baseline perceived NVC and PTSD symptoms. Justice-involved African-American adolescent girls who report high NVC and use dysfunctional ER strategies are particularly vulnerable to the development of PTSD symptoms. Interventions with this population may benefit from targeting dysfunctional ER strategies to mitigate or prevent neighborhood violence related PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

A community based study on factors influencing body mass index of adolescent girls in urban area of Bagalkot, Karnataka

Introduction: Among adolescents, girls are a doubly vulnerable group due to deep-rooted gender discrimination and other socio-cultural factors that are prevailing in our Indian society. Objective: To study the factors influencing body mass index of adolescent girls residing in the urban field practice area of S. N. Medical College, Bagalkot. Study design: A Community based cross sectional study. Setting: Field practice area of urban health training center, Department of Community Medicine, S. Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot. Participants: 400 unmarried adolescent girls. Sampling: Systematic random sampling. Statistical Analysis: Data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by using Open Epi software. P-value was calculated using chi-square test and difference was accepted significant at more than 95% (p-value Results: Factors significantly associated with thinness were mother’s literacy, family size, mid day meal and dietary intake less than RDA (p Conclusion: It was concluded that the prevalence of thinness was significantly high in girls whose mothers were illiterates. Thinness was also seen in girls from large families and Dietary intake less than RDA. Keywords: Adolescent girls, Body mass index (BMI), Thinness, Urban area.

Determinants of menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls in urban areas of Hyderabad

Background: The word adolescent is derived from the Latin word “adolescere”, which means to grow into maturity. The adolescent girls get debarred due to various social misconceptions, lack of privacy, illiteracy of parents, especially mother, low socioeconomic conditions, and lack of proper health awareness and education about this sensitive issue which ultimately results this age group into vulnerability to reproductive tract infections, which can be reduced by improving the knowledge about the menstrual hygiene.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school going adolescent girls during the month of November 2018. Data was collected using a questionnaire which includes socio-demographic variables and menstrual hygiene practices. Sample size of the study was 69 students. The assessment of knowledge was done as good knowledge (score: &gt;5/10) poor knowledge (score &lt;5/10). The of data and the. All the data collected was entered and analysed with MS excel software 2007.Results: 28.1% girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche.. Major source of information about menstruation is mother (53.6%). More than 80% of adolescent girls are using sanitary pads as an absorbent. Lack of disposal facility and lack of water supply are reasons for school absenteeism.Conclusions: In this study the knowledge of menstruation hygiene among the study population is significantly associated with mother’s education and occupation.

A comparison of nutritional status of rural and urban adolescent girls from schools in North India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable period for a number of specific reasons, including high requirements for growth, eating patterns and lifestyles, risk-taking behaviour and, susceptibility to social and environmental influences. The objectives of the study were to compare the nutritional status of rural and urban school going adolescent girls by anthropometric measurements.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in urban as well as rural schools of Haldwani block of district Nainital from October 2012 to September 2014. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number, 770 (443 rural and 327 urban) of school going adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age, who were interviewed and anthropometric measurements were recorded for assessing the nutritional status. WHO 2007 growth standards for 5-19 years old for girls was followed. Height-for-age Z scores and BMI-for-age Z scores were calculated with help of WHO Anthro Plus Software version 1.0.4. Data was analysed using SPSS v.20.Results: Mean weight and mean BMI of adolescent girls in urban area was significantly higher than those in rural area, while mean height in two groups was not significantly different. Mean height-for-age and the mean BMI-for-age of the study girls was below median of the 2007 WHO reference throughout the adolescent period.Conclusions: Thinness was significantly higher in rural girls while overweight and obesity was not significantly different in rural and urban girls.

A study on practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of urban areas of Jabalpur District

Background: Adolescence in girls is a phase of transition toward womanhood and its beginning is marked by menstruation. But unfortunately most of the adolescent girls do not maintain proper hygiene during menstruation because of ignorance, which in turn increase their risk of developing genital infections in future. Objective: To assess practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of urban areas of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and 200 adolescent girls were randomly selected from the area under study. Result: A total of 70.2% of the girls used sanitary pads but the rest used cloth and the practice of reusing without washing properly was seen commonly among girls. A total of 74.4% of the girls reported pain in abdomen, 57.7% reported lower back pain, and 29% experienced pain in breast and tiredness during menstruation. Conclusion: This study showed that some adolescent girls had poor information about the hygienic practices during menstruation.

Prevalence of anemia and effectiveness of iron supplementation in anemic adolescent school girls at Amravati City (Maharashtra)

Introduction: In India, the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls is estimated at 56%. The underlying sociodemographic factors and menstrual practices need to be studied in adolescent girls and a way to reduce the anemia not only by supplementation of iron and folic acid tablets and deworming but ensuring its regular consumption. Hence, the present study was undertaken to know the effectiveness of deworming and iron and folic acid supplementation in reducing the prevalence and severity of anemia in adolescent school girls. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls in urban area and effectiveness of iron supplementation in them. Materials and Methods: The present interventional study was conducted at Sharada Kanya Vidyalaya, in Amravati city. Total 350 adolescent girls were selected by random sampling from August 2013 to November 2013. All the girls were given a single dose anthelminthic and the girls who were anemic were given iron and folic acid tablets for daily consumption. The hemoglobin was again assessed after three months. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test of significance and standard error of difference between two means using SPSS version 16 software. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls was found to be 55%. Mean and standard deviation of Hb% in adolescent girls significantly increased from 10.57 (±1.09) before to 11.78 (±0.99) after intervention. Conclusion: The contributing factors of anemia found in the present study were low socioeconomic status, onset of menarche, small family size, and vegetarian diet.

Psycho-social behavior pattern of unmarried adolescent girls in urban area of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh.

Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood in which many interrelated physical social and psychological changes take place. Adolescent girls in India face several social restrictions sex discrimination nutritional deprivation and some other adverse situations unlike those in developed countries. With expansion of telecommunication and media across cultural boundaries the problems of western societies are also being added up while very little or slow improvement is observed in previously existing ones. The health of adolescents as well as their development is particularly dependent on their behavior which is heavily influenced by the environment in which they live. Psychosocial behavior of adolescents is a complex interaction of psychological growth social environment education and exposure to the outer world. It is very important to study different aspects of their psycho-social behavior as health-related outcomes are also affected by it. Uttar Pradesh (UP) being a state having annual growth rate of only 2.3% consistently falls below the national standards in health education and general quality of life indicator. The present study was conducted to investigate psycho-social behavior pattern of unmarried adolescent girls in relation to their school education in Allahabad city of U.P. (excerpt)