Adobe Photoshop Software Research Articles

Morphing of the Frontal view - Rhinoplasty as a surface contour operation.

Patients undergoing surgery in 2019. Encounters were divided into three: First visit: history taking, a list of desires & physical examination, photography. Second visit: photo analysis was presented as well as the hypothesis of correction expressed by morphing. (Morphing with Adobe Photoshop software). We termed the differences between light and shade of the lateral nasal walls, the dorsum and the BDL (brow dome line) and NCL (nose cheek line) as the "Chiaroscuro of the nose". This term is significant in the process of morphing of the frontal view. We used this method of morphing in the simulation process of 126 patients. The age range was 15-59 years old. 67% (84) were females and 33% (42) were males. 43% (54) of the cases were revision cases. At the post-operative visits, all patients were more satisfied with their operative result than with their "morphed" simulation. The chiaroscuro concept of the nose is an essential step in the analysis and morphing processes of the frontal view and a logical tool in creating a realistic surgical game plan. The morphing of the frontal view enables the surgeon and patients to discuss the possible result with more details and refinements. Morphing may be a good option to educate young surgeons in preoperative consultation and operating theatre.

COMPARISON OF FREEWAY SPACE DISTANCE OF WILLIS METHOD WITH DIGITAL PHOTO ANALYSIS METHOD IN BANJAR TRIBE

Background: The face's vertical dimension or vertical height is the distance between two anatomical points, namely the points on the maxilla and mandible. In measuring the vertical dimension, vertical dimensions of rest (DVR) and vertical dimensions of occlusion (DVO) must be measured. The difference between the vertical dimension of rest (DVR) and the vertical dimension of occlusion (DVO) is called the freeway space (FWS) or interocclusal distance. Freeway space is a key requirement for optimal comfort and function of a partial or complete denture. Each individual's freeway space distance is the movement of muscle function, which can be measured by direct methods such as the Willis method using calipers and the digital photo analysis method using computer software. Two measurement methods can be used to measure freeway space distance direct and indirect. Purpose: To analyze the difference between freeway space distance measured by the Willis method and by digital photo analysis of Adobe Photoshop and Corel Draw graphic design software in the Banjar tribe (a review of students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin). Methods: This study is a quantitative study with an analytic observational method and a cross-sectional approach. This study was conducted by collecting data simultaneously at one time by comparing three different methods on the same sample without being given any treatment. Results: One Way ANOVA test is 0.296 (P>0.05) which means there is no significant difference. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the results of measuring freeway space distance using the Willis method with a digital caliper and digital photo analysis with Adobe Photoshop and Corel Draw software.

Influence of dental midline deviation with respect to facial flow line on smile esthetics-A cross-sectional study.

A contemporary concept states that dental midline deviation towards the direction of facial flow line (FFL) can mask the compromised smile esthetics. This study aimed to identify a range of midline deviations that can be perceived towards or away from the FFL influencing smile esthetics. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a frontal smile photograph of an adult female. The photograph was altered on Adobe Photoshop software into six different photographs by deviating the dental midlines towards and away from the FFL. A constant deviation of chin towards the left side was incorporated in all the photographs. Forty-three laypersons (LP) and dental professionals (DPs) evaluated those photographs. Independent t-test was used to compare the perception of dental midline deviation between LP and DPs. Simple linear regression was run to identify the factors associated with the scoring. A statistically significant difference was observed for picture two with 4 mm towards FFL in the perception of midline deviation between LP and DPs. LP could not perceive the midline deviations up to 4 mm while DPs were able to perceive deviations above 2 mm. The greater the age the better the scores were and female raters had a greater inclination towards poor scores. From 2 to 4 mm of midline deviation towards the FFL can be tolerated by LP and DPs. These findings underscore the importance of considering facial symmetry in orthodontic and cosmetic dental treatments to optimize smile esthetics.

Pigmentation polymorphism of <i>Dikerogammarus villosus</i> (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Kuban River, Caucasus

The purpose of this work was to determine the number of morphs and their ratio in the population of Dikerogammarus villosus from the Kuban River, as well as to establish color indicators and the total number of hemocytes in each morph. Amphipods were caught for study in the vicinity of the city of Krasnodar at the confluence of Lake Staraya Kuban with the Kuban River in 2023 and 2024. The analysis of color indicators was carried out using Adobe Photoshop (CIELab) and GIMP software. The total number of hemocytes was determined after the acclimation of individuals to laboratory conditions, which was performed for three days. In the Kuban River, D. villosus was found to be characterized by 4 types of pigment distribution: spotted or patterned (S), homogeneous pigmentation – melanin (M), with dorsal stripes (B) and amber (A). Based on this, we identified four morphs. At the same time, in the morphs with dorsal stripes, we identified two sub–morphs: B1 with wide pigment stripes along the entire pereon, and B2 with thin pigment stripes. The ratio (%) of morphs was as follows: B – 72.1, S – 16.0, M – 7.7, A – 3.3, and T – 0.9. There were no differences in color indices between the morphs, but statistically significant differences were found between morph M and the other morphs in color brightness, the melanin morph was 1.5 times darker as compared to morphs B and S (p 0.005). The total number of D. villosus hemocytes widely ranged from 2480 to 9020 pcs/ml, averaging 4858 ± 1684 pcs/ml. No correlations between the size of individuals and the number of hemocytes were established (p 0.05). There were also no differences in the number of hemocytes between males and females (p 0.05). Hematological variations between the five morphs were not statistically significant either (p = 0.36). Thus, for the first time, the ratio of amphipod morphs of the species D. villosus from the plain part of the lower reaches of Kuban River was determined. Data on the color indices of morphs and the total number of hemocytes of this species are presented.

#1725 Co-relation of bone mineral density (BMD) with static bone histomorphometric parameters in haemodialysis patients

Abstract Background and Aims A mineral bone disorder of CKD (CKD MBD) is a complication with abnormal bone turnover, mineralization, volume, vascular calcification, and a spectrum of biochemical abnormalities. This clinical study was designed to determine the correlation between BMD (DEXA parameter) and static bone histomorphometry in hemodialysis patients. Method This was a cross-sectional study in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis aged 18-60 years. Bone biopsy was done from the iliac crest, fixed in alcohol, processed, and stained by RGB trichrome stain. Histomorphometric analysis was done by using NIH software (image J) and Adobe Photoshop software for image masking into black and white for volume calculation. Determination of BMD was performed by DEXA SCAN (Model HORIZON A). The detection sections included the central skeleton's three areas- anteroposterior lumbar (L1-L4) spine, proximal femur (femoral neck), and distal radius. Results A total of 46 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were included. Thirty-one (67.39%) were male, and the mean age was 34.43 ± 12.5 years. Amongst the study population, 60.87% (28) patients had osteopenia, 19.57%(9) patients had osteoporosis, and 19.57%(9) patients had normal BMD. Out of 46, four biopsies were inconclusive, 50% (21) had adynamic bone disease, 19.05%(8) had high turnover bone disease, 19.05%(8) had high mixed uremic osteodystrophy and 11.9%(5) patients had normal parameters. Among biochemical parameters, serum iPTH, ALP, and calcium had a significant association with bone turnover. BMD was significantly associated with age. However, it had no significant association with dialysis vintage, sex, or the type of renal osteodystrophy. Static bone histomorphometric parameters were not significantly associated with the T score. Conclusion PTH, ALP, and serum calcium were significantly associated with bone turnover. Adynamic bone disease was the most common renal osteodystrophy. BMD was not significantly associated with static bone histomorphometric parameters in our study.

The Influence of e-glass epoxy composite laminate material application on the crack pattern of cylinder concrete column cross-section

In order to better understand the phenomenon of applying GEC reinforcement to RCC based on the percentage of surface crack pattern (PCP), this research will use e-glass epoxy composite laminate (GEC) to obtain the damage pattern of reinforced concrete column specimens (RCC) utilizing GEC. Additionally, it will compare the splitting tensile strength (STS) and SCP. In accordance with ASTM C496 guidelines, the RCC specimens used in this investigation had a cylindrical shape and measured 150 mm in length and 50 mm in diameter. GEC material, consisting of 0–4 layers of woven e-glass fiber sheets, was applied as an extra layer on top of the RCC. In compliance with ASTM C496 guidelines, a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used to perform the split tensile test. With the aid of Adobe Photoshop software, the Histogram approach was used to calculate the crack pattern's proportion. The study's findings demonstrated that the specimens reinforced with four layers of GEC exhibited the highest damage pattern. This suggests that the reinforced specimens must be subjected to a sizable load in order to be damaged. Hence, the damage that occurs in the specimens can be lessened by applying GEC layers on RCC. Further information about the performance of RCC reinforced with GEC is also provided by a comparison of the splitting tensile strength and the percentage of fracture pattern

‘BLUES’ procedure for assessing the blue level of the sclera in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

PurposeBlue sclera is a characteristic and common clinical sign of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). However, there is currently no widely accepted, objective method for assessing and grading blue sclera in individuals with OI.To address this medical need, this study is aimed to design and validate a new method called ‘BLUES’ (BLUe Eye Sclera) to objectively identify and quantify the blue color in the sclera of patients affected by OI.MethodsSixty-two patients affected by OI and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in the present prospective study, for a total of 194 eyes analyzed.In the 'BLUES' procedure, eye images from patients with OI and control subjects were analyzed to assess and grade the blue level of the sclera using Adobe Photoshop Software. The validation process then involved comparing the results obtained with the ‘BLUES’ procedure to the judgement of experienced ophthalmologists (JEO).A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the overall discriminatory power. The sensitivity and specificity levels and the Cohen's Kappa (K) indexes of ‘BLUES’ and ‘JEO’ were estimated versus the standard OI diagnosis. The K indexes of ‘BLUES’ versus ‘JEO’ were also evaluated.ResultsThe optimal cut-off point of the scleral blue peak was calculated at 17%. Our findings demonstrated a sensitivity of 89% (CI95%: 0.835–0.945) and specificity of 87% (CI95%: 0.791–0.949) for the ‘BLUES’ procedure with an agreement versus the diagnosis of OI of 0.747. In comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of ‘JEO’ ranged from 89 to 94% and 77% to 100%, respectively, with an agreement ranging from 0.663 to 0.871 with the diagnosis of OI. The agreement between ‘BLUES ‘and ‘JEO’ evaluations ranged from 0.613 to 0.734.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated an 89% sensitivity and an impressive 87% specificity of our method to analyze the blue sclera in OI. The results indicated high agreement with disease diagnosis and were consistent with evaluations by experienced ophthalmologists. The ‘BLUES’ procedure appears to be a simple, reliable and objective method for effectively identify and quantify the blue color of the sclera in OI.

In vivo pilot study into superficial microcirculatory characteristics of colorectal adenomas using novel high-resolution magnifying endoscopy with blue laser imaging

BACKGROUND No studies have yet been conducted on changes in microcirculatory hemodynamics of colorectal adenomas in vivo under endoscopy. The microcirculation of the colorectal adenoma could be observed in vivo by a novel high-resolution magnification endoscopy with blue laser imaging (BLI), thus providing a new insight into the microcirculation of early colon tumors. AIM To observe the superficial microcirculation of colorectal adenomas using the novel magnifying colonoscope with BLI and quantitatively analyzed the changes in hemodynamic parameters. METHODS From October 2019 to January 2020, 11 patients were screened for colon adenomas with the novel high-resolution magnification endoscope with BLI. Video images were recorded and processed with Adobe Premiere, Adobe Photoshop and Image-pro Plus software. Four microcirculation parameters: Microcirculation vessel density (MVD), mean vessel width (MVW) with width standard deviation (WSD), and blood flow velocity (BFV), were calculated for adenomas and the surrounding normal mucosa. RESULTS A total of 16 adenomas were identified. Compared with the normal surrounding mucosa, the superficial vessel density in the adenomas was decreased (MVD: 0.95 ± 0.18 vs 1.17 ± 0.28 μm/μm2, P < 0.05). MVW (5.11 ± 1.19 vs 4.16 ± 0.76 μm, P < 0.05) and WSD (11.94 ± 3.44 vs 9.04 ± 3.74, P < 0.05) were both increased. BFV slowed in the adenomas (709.74 ± 213.28 vs 1256.51 ± 383.31 μm/s, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The novel high-resolution magnification endoscope with BLI can be used for in vivo study of adenoma superficial microcirculation. Superficial vessel density was decreased, more irregular, with slower blood flow.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND DIGITAL PRINTING OF HOME FURNISHING ARTICLES USING “AQUATIC MOTIFS”

Textile designing is the most demanding and emerging field as it is full of scope and creativity but many individuals become quite lost when confronted with the task of finding “inspiration” any objects or thing we see in our daily routine are possible design sources. The sources of inspiration play a powerful role in the beginning of the design process and research and strategic collection planning. This study investigated the use of aquatic motifs on home furnishing items using digital printing, exploring their potential for product diversification and consumer acceptance. Fifteen captivating designs featuring aquatic themes were created for bed sheets, table covers with mats, and cushion covers using two designing software Corel Draw and Adobe Photoshop. A panel of thirty judges including renowned local designers and discerning boutique owners evaluated the developed designs for the selection of two most enthralling designs from each category for application on textiles in order to prepare home furnishing articles. Their enthusiastic response highlights the positive reception of the aquatic motifs. It concludes that use of aquatic motifs on home furnishing items using digital printing has paved the way for wide new world of product diversification in the home furnishing market.

A Comparative Study to Check the Accuracy of Tooth Shade Selection With Standardized Digital Photographs and a Spectrophotometer.

The success of any dental prosthesis depends on aesthetics and function. A proper shade selection is a prime requisite for providing aesthetics to dental patients. This study aims to compare the photographic method of shade selection with that of a digital spectrophotometer. The study included 50 participants. The primary inclusion criterion was the presence of the maxillary left central incisor without a history of restorative or endodontic procedures. The shade of the left maxillary central incisor was determined using the VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik, BadSäckingen, Germany) and the digital photography method for all the selected participants. The CIELAB colour space utilizes three values (L*, a*, and b*) to objectively measure colour. While the digital photography approach used Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems Incorporated, San Jose, CA) to report solely the L*, a*, and b* values, the spectrophotometer reported the L*, a*, and b* values along with the actual shade. After obtaining the values of L*, a*, and b*, ΔE, which is their difference, was calculated using a standard formula. Statistical analysis was carried out by using Student's t-test and proportion z-test. When the comparison of the L*a*b* values was done, Student's t-test showed similar (P>0.05) L(t=0.16, P=0.872), a (t=0.52, P=0.607), and b (t=0.23, P=0.820) values between the two groups; that is, they did not differ significantly or showed perfect matching. There was agreement (ΔE≤2) in 42 (84.0%) cases and disagreement (ΔE>2) in eight (16.0%) cases. The proportion z-test showed an agreement of 84.0%, which was statistically highly significant (z=20.44, P<0.001). The true shade of the teeth can be depicted using standardized digital images.

Investigating the Reliability of the Measurement of the Cervical Muscle’s Echo Intensity

Introduction: The skeletal muscle’s echo intensity (EI) is a measurement that can be used to assess the quality of the muscle and any muscle damage caused by training or activity. To determine its reliability, a limited number of studies have investigated the measurement of cervical muscles’ EI. This study determines whether the EI of the cervical muscles can be reliably quantified using the Adobe Photoshop software.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The mean EI of the cervical muscles was measured using the standard histogram function of Adobe Photoshop CS6 in 20 healthy women.&#x0D; Results: The measurement of EI of cervical muscles using Adobe Photoshop CS6 is reliable in healthy women (intra-class coefficient &gt;0.9). The values of the standard error of measurements of longus coli, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapula, semispinalis capitis, rectus capitis posterior, and oblique capitis superior muscles were 1.81, 2.09, 1.46, 2.02, 1.47 and 1.26, respectively. The values of the smallest detectable difference of longus coli, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapula, semispinalis capitis, rectus capitis posterior, and oblique capitis superior muscles were 7.11, 8.22, 5.74, 7.93, 5.79, and 4.97, respectively.&#x0D; Conclusion: Assessing the EI of the cervical muscles with Adobe Photoshop software is a viable method to determine the quality of the muscles.

Correlation of Canine Height to Overall Facial Height: An Observational Study

Background: Identifying individuals by determining their body parameters plays a major role in criminalinvestigation. These parameters play an integral role in the identification of a person. Teeth, particularly canines,can help in identification, as they are the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and root anchorage in the alveolar process.Aim: To establish a relationship, if any between the crown length of the maxillary canine tooth and the facialheight of an adult individual and intersex differences.Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a dental college where patients reported for treatment. The study group comprised 100 participants (50 men and 50 women, aged 18-23 years. To measure the facial height,photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. The face was divided into the upper,middle and lower thirds considering the hairlines, glabella, subnasalis, and menton as reference points. The length between the hairline and glabella is the upper facial height (UFH), that between the glabella and subnasalis is the middle facial height (MFH), and that between the subnasalis and menton is the lower facial height (LFH). For tooth measurements, impressions of the upper arches were made using alginate and dental stone casts were obtained. The length between the cervical line and cusp tip is the canine height(CH) and the mesiodistal length is the canine width(CW). Measurements of teeth were recorded using digital verniercalliper. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SSPS) version 16. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the correlation between facial height and canine height.Results: Total Facial Height (TFH), Canine Height (CH), Canine Width (CW) in males and females was done using descriptive statistics. This study demonstrated a correlation between TFH and CH in both men and women. This study showed that, as TFH increased, CH also increased. Therefore, TFH and CH were directly proportional, and hence there was a correlation between TFH and CH.Conclusion: The total facial and canine heights are directly proportional to each other. There is a correlationbetween the facial height and canine height.

Evaluation of Canal Transportation Using Single File Rotary Systems, One Shape, Waveone GOLD and Reciproc in Simulated Curved Canals (in Vitro Study)

Objectives maintaining root canal anatomy through minimal canal transportation by using Rotary single file systems: One Shape, Wave One Gold and Reciproc systems used in simulated artificial curved root canals. Materials and Methods 30 simulated curved root canals in clear resin blocks were used in this s tudy and divided into three groups containing 10 samples each: group (1) represented canals instrumented with Rotary One Shape files, group (2) canals instrumented with reciprocating Wave One Gold files while Group (3) canals were prepared with Reciproc files. All canals were imaged pre- and post- instrumentation at three levels, 2,3 and 5 mm apically and compared using Adobe Photoshop software program. Amount of transportation were assessed. The three groups were compared with ANOVA and LSD statistic tests Results the mean transportation at 3mm level of the canal had no significant difference among all groups, all shown transportation. At 2mm, and 5mm levels there were significant difference between groups, G2 shown the least transportation among all groups. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the canal preparation with Wave One Gold files showed lesser transportation than One Shape and Reciproc files.

CHARACTERISATION AND ALGORITHMS FOR MONITORING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BUSES BY RGB SYSTEM PARAMETERS

The algorithms of pre-trip control of buses’ technical condition under the conditions of hypothetical application of an automated system based on video registration in ATP are considered. The authors analyse the regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of buses as a function of their appearance estimated by the RGB colour system parameters. Typical examples of processing and analysing static and time-varying images are given. Initial, permissible and limit values of diagnostic parameters in RGB system are defined for separate systems of buses (external lights, tyres, windscreen).&#x0D; Purpose. Determination of regularities of changes in the parameters of the technical condition of buses as a function of their appearance assessed by the parameters of the RGB color system.&#x0D; Method or methodology of the work. The method of estimating the RGB colour parameters of the reference and actual bus images in the Adobe Photoshop software environment and their subsequent mathematical analysis was used in this work.&#x0D; Results. Initial values of diagnostic parameters, limits and acceptable ranges are obtained.&#x0D; Scope of the results. The obtained results are expedient for application at creation of the automatic system of control of technical condition of the vehicle before the trip on the basis of video registration.

PERANCANGAN ILUSTRASI GERAK BERGAYA GAMBAR SEMI REALIS SEBAGAI TEROBOSAN PRODUK BARU FARARAFA STUDIO

This study discusses how to design motion illustrations with a semi-realist art style as a new product breakthrough for Fararafa Studio. The product in this study is an updated design from the previous product, namely an illustration image with a JPG extension. The purpose of this research is to produce a work process that can underlie the production process of motion illustrations with GIF and MP4 output as a product sample for Fararafa Studio and to test the feasibility of the illustration products that have been made by researchers. Using a Research and Development Methodology whose application is very suitable for testing the effectiveness of products with various stages and validations. The illustration will use a semi-realist drawing style because this semi-realist illustration product is the most sought after by Fararafa Studio's clients. The image process will use Adobe Photoshop software, then be animated using Adobe After Effects.

Comparison of perception on facial profile attractiveness of different antero-posterior proportions in a female subject among laypersons, dentist and orthodontists: An observational study

: Current Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan is based on the arrangement of the soft tissue complex. This makes the execution of treatment plan very challenging as beauty is a subjective factor leading to different facial evaluations. This study aims at comparing and evaluating the perception of facial attractiveness of different antero-posterior proportions of the chin which was altered digitally in a female subject among laypersons, dentists and orthodontists. A digital profile photograph of a 26 year old female subject was selected for the study. The subject was randomly selected from the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Institute of Dental Sciences &amp; Sum Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha and was advised for pre-treatment Orthopantomogram, Lateral Cephalogram. The profile image was digitally altered using Adobe Photoshop software to create 11 images which was given to 10 Orthodontists, Dentists and laypersons for evaluation of their perception of facial profile attractiveness on a VAS scale. A straight profile in a female subject is perceived as the most attractive by all the three categories of evaluators. It can be concluded that this study provides a basis for understanding facial profile preferences by different groups of people as well as their degree of sensitivity.

Efficacy of Frontal Sinus as a Reliable Tool for Sex Differentiation - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Gender determination is pivotal in establishing a biological profile of human remains, where fragments of the skull persist with unidentifiable dental arch data. Owing to the resistance and stability against external factors such as trauma and fractures, radiological assessment of the frontal sinus can be a useful indicator for sexual dimorphism. Keeping this in mind, a study was designed to analyse the efficacy of morphometric assessment of the frontal sinus for gender determination in the North Indian population. A total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) lateral cephalograms of the age >20 years were retrieved. The frontal sinus index (ratio of maximum height to depth), area, and perimeter of the same were calculated using Adobe Photoshop software. The results obtained were further subjected to statistical analysis. The study yielded an accuracy rate of 75.3% for sex differentiation. The frontal sinus perimeter was a novel parameter which was utilised as a variable in the obtained discriminant equation for sex differentiation. Thus, this cost-effective technique might be useful as an adjunct to assess sexual dimorphism.

Increased Occlusal Vertical Dimension and Its Influence on Lip Position at Smile in Dentulous Adults

Introduction: Increasing occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is often indicated in complex prosthodontic rehabilitations to gain restorative space and improve the occlusal relationship and esthetics. However, any alterations made in OVD will also influence the lip position mainly during rest and smile. This study aims to determine the influence of the vertical dimension of occlusion on lip positions at a smile. Methods: 30 samples between the age group of 20 - 30 years were included in this study meeting the selection criteria. The acrylic splint of varying thicknesses of +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, +8mm was prepared on the dental stone cast of a patient that was articulated in a semi-adjustable articulator after tentative facebow transfer. Smile photograph of each individual at the occlusal vertical dimension of +0mm, +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, +8mm was taken using a DSLR camera mounted on a tripod using the prepared acrylic splints. Digital measurements were done in photographs using the Adobe Photoshop software. Results: The study's results demonstrate that increasing the OVD significantly affects the inter labial distance, incisal edge to lower lip distance, and the display zone area. However, the study found no notable alterations in the distance from the incisal edge to the upper lip or in the intercommissural width with the same increased OVD. These findings demonstrate on how changes in OVD can influence various orofacial measurements. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that with the increase in the OVD, inter labial distance, incisal edge to lower lip distance, and display zone area are increased. But upper lip position and inter commissural width should not be expected to be changed with increased OVD.

Application of Spectrophotometer and Photocolorimetric Method from Mobile Phone for Soybean Meal Rawness Measurement

This study aimed to create a detection method for measuring rawness of soybean meals using a spectrophotometer and photocolorimetric method. A relationship between the percentage of the rawness of soybeans was studied by the detection of urease content using phenol red as an indicator. Absorbance values from the spectrophotometer, and color values generated by the Adobe Photoshop software from the picture of IOS and Android mobile phones were then measured. The results showed that the percentage of the rawness of soybeans was positively correlated with absorbance values from the spectrophotometer (r = 0.942) (P &lt; 0.01) with the form of the linear regression equation, y = 33.738x - 13.236 (R² = 0.886). In addition, the percentage of the rawness of soybeans was negatively correlated with the yellow (b*) values from IOS (r = -0.955) (P &lt; 0.01) with the form of the linear regression equation, y = -0.3001x + 12.645 (R² = 0.912). Furthermore, the percentage of the rawness of soybeans was negatively correlated with the green (G) values from Android (r = -0.964) (P &lt; 0.01) with the form of the linear regression equation, y = -0.1119x + 18.395 (R² = 0.929). Moreover, the percentage of the rawness of soybeans was negatively correlated with the green (G) values from Mobile (r = -0.941) (P &lt; 0.01) with the form of the linear regression equation, y = -0.1093x + 17.727 (R² = 0.886). The rawness of soybeans by spectrophotometer and photocolorimetric methods were then compared. This experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments (spectrophotometer analysis and photocolorimetric method from IOS Android, and mobile phones), and divided into 10 replications per treatment. The results showed a statistically significant difference between a method for determining rawness in soybean meal based on spectrophotometer analysis and a photocolorimetric method (P &lt; 0.01). The results from the spectrophotometer analysis method for measuring the rawness of soybean meal produced were close to the actual rawness value and can be used to inspect the quality of soybean meal.

Preservation evaluation method of Chinese traditional shadow puppet relics based on pixel lattice and membership function

The conservation and preservation of shadow puppet artifacts is an important task that requires accurate assessment of their preservation status. Currently, there are many shadow puppet artifacts in collections with varying degrees of deterioration, and an easy-to-use and accurate deterioration assessment method is urgently needed. To address this, this paper proposes a method to convert the color rendering characteristics of shadow puppet artifacts in two-dimensional images into digital information, which is used to create a pixel lattice in processing software Adobe Photoshop. The quantitative signal of the shadow puppet image is extracted and used to calculate the offset of the overall or local chromaticity of the shadow puppet relative to the average chromaticity, allowing for the assessment of the degree of cortical variation and risk of deterioration. A membership function is established based on the observed values of shadow puppet color in the pixel lattice, and the discrete fuzzy set and its scoring index are specified to assign corresponding weight values to the regions with different chromaticity attributes in the pixel lattice.The method of computing scores using the membership function involves ordinary mathematical operations, the overall scoring values are used to comprehensively evaluate the preservation status of the shadow puppet artifacts. This paper establishes a preliminary technical standard for the preventive conservation evaluation of shadow puppet artifacts using pixel lattice and membership function, providing an important guideline for the quantitative and standardized virtual restoration of shadow puppets. The proposed method provides a new approach to quantitatively assess the preservation status of shadow puppets, which is essential for their efficient scientific conservation.