Admission Of Error Research Articles

An expert system for vehicle accident reconstruction

The paper presents the capabilities of the developed expert system for vehicle accident reconstruction. The system determines converted energy for each vehicle, post-collision and pre-collision vehicles speeds, vehicle braking deceleration, the times in the braking process and total stopping distance. This system provides an opportunity to investigate the impact of various parameters at vehicle accident reconstruction. The developed expert system significantly reduces the time for the preparation of the expertise and the admission of errors. It can be used in expert practice and training.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mediterranean fever gene variants and colchicine therapy in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome in a Mediterranean region

Statement of RetractionRetraction: Mediterranean fever gene variants and colchicine therapy in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome in a Mediterranean regionWe, the Editor and Publisher of Expert Review of Clinical Immunology have retracted the following article:Zeliha Haytoglu and Ozlem Ozgur Gundeslioglu. Mediterranean fever gene variants and colchicine therapy in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis pharyngitis, adenitis syndrome in a Mediterranean region, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019;15(05):571-575, DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2019.1591275The authors have requested retraction of their article due to an error in the collection of data that they noticed upon post-publication review of their methods and results. The Editor and Publisher have investigated this admission of error and agree with the need to retract this article. During the data collection period of the study, the data points were manually entered into the authors’ computer system and data input errors were accidentally introduced due to human error. As a result, some data points that should have been entered as a positive result were instead entered as having a negative result, which has undermined the integrity and findings of the study. Upon the realisation that these errors are not correctable the authors have requested a retraction. By retracting the article the authors aim to prevent other researchers from citing it and from perpetuating errors in knowledge.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.

Medical error

Most staffs agreed, for good reasons of honesty and patient autonomy, that admission of errors is important, but the doctors struggled to decide how it should be done. Most agreed that the socio-legal climate in Nepal, and the possible financial implications, made it difficult to be completely honest. Other strong fears included violence from the patient, damage to the hospital’s reputation and to the reputation of the doctors and possible loss of jobs for nurses. The situation seems to be more or less same in other hospitals of Nepal. It is imperative for every hospital in Nepal to have a clinical ethical committee to look after this matter. There must be appropriate hospital policy on dealing with errors. Hospital staffs need specific training in reporting and disclosing error. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i4.11954

Economists Owe Ecology an Apology

This apology is neither a wholesale rejection of economic thought and perspective nor an admission of error in our understanding of ecological values or human impacts on the environment. Life is complex. It's an apology for the unintended damage that's resulted from misapplying economic ideas: GDP fails to include non-market costs and benefits; transaction-based models mischaracterize dynamic relationships; aggregate social efficiency overlooks distribution impacts; technological advances can have substantial, unmeasured environmental impacts.

The right to be wrong

Nothing holds science back longer than clinging to what should not be clung to, and all too often it’s fear, fear of the consequences of having made a mistake, that keeps ideas around long past their expiration date.

Medical errors – a hospital in Nepal searches for answers

Medical errors are recognized as a significant issue in medical practice. Ethical and professional guide-lines emphasize the responsibility of physicians to disclose errors to patients. However, in practice, even in the developed world this often does not happen. This study which involved 12 focus groups formed from 127 members of staff within Patan Hospital in the Kathmandu Valley sought to understand Nepali staff attitudes to medical errors and suggest how they could be handled. Most agreed, for good reasons of honesty and patient autonomy, that admission of errors is important, but the doctors struggled to decide how it should be done. For most of the staff the educational level was a key decider as to what would be disclosed. Most agreed that the socio-legal climate in Nepal, and the possible financial implications, made it difficult to be completely honest. Other strong fears included patient harm, violence from the patient, damage to the hospital's reputation and to the reputation of the doctors and possible loss of jobs for nurses. We recommend that the hospital initiate a clear hospital policy on dealing with errors and that they should: implement the development of incident reporting forms; set up an error investigation team; provide specific training in communicating about errors for the appropriate staff.

RESPONDING TO MEDICAL ERROR: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE LIKELIHOOD OF DISCLOSURE BY MEDICAL RESIDENTS.

Background When a medical error occurs, studies indicate that patients prefer to be informed, be given an explanation of what happened and why, be informed of the measures that will be taken to prevent recurrences, and offered an apology from the responsible parties. Most patients endorse a preference for full disclosure, even when no harm is done. Data suggest that as few as one-third of harmful errors are disclosed to patients and that although physicians are supportive in principle, they are hesitant to actually disclose error. Resident physicians, by virtue of their inexperience, may be involved in medical errors at a rate higher than more experienced physicians, yet their responses to error, including their attitudes toward disclosure, have not been well studied. We sought to examine resident attitudes toward disclosure by asking them to predict their actions after being involved in a medical error in the hospital setting. Methods We anonymously surveyed 44 internal medicine residents attending a resident retreat. Two clinical cases were presented. In the first case, a diabetic patient is given insulin and kept NPO with resultant hypoglycemia. In the second case, a misread chest radiograph delays the diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. For each case, the outcomes ranged from no harm to serious harm. The resident was given four possible responses: (1) no explanation, (2) an explanation of the medical facts of the case, (3) an explanation and an admission of error, and (4) an explanation, admission of error, and an apology. The residents were directed to choose the response that most closely resembled what they would say and do. Results Surveys were completed by 34 (77%) residents, including 14 (34%) women, with all levels of training equally represented. In every instance, the most likely response was to explain (54%) rather than to admit error (22%) or to apologize (22%). In the case of the diabetic patient with hypoglycemia, responses did not differ regardless of whether the error caused harm. In the case of the misread chest radiograph, however, if the patient was harmed, residents were significantly more likely to include an admission of error and an apology than if no harm was done. Neither gender nor level of training affected results. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, with respect to disclosure of medical error, the actions of residents are at odds with the stated preferences of patients. When presented with hypothetical cases of medical error, residents were significantly more likely to limit their response to an explanation of medical facts rather than an admission of error or an apology. Results also suggest that the type of error may influence the response. Although both cases involved error, the first case may be viewed as a “system” error in which responsibility is shared by other members of the health care team. In the case of the thoracic aortic aneurysm, the error more clearly rests with the physician, and this sense of personal responsibility for the error may be influencing the response toward full disclosure when the patient suffered greater harm. Factors influencing the response to error by residents should be considered as educational interventions are developed to bridge the gap between patient preferences for disclosure and physician practice.

The Effects of Threat Sensitivity and Face Giving on Dyadic Psychological Safety and Upward Communication1

The tendency for individuals in organizational hierarchies to fail to communicate negatively valenced information has been well documented, but the psychological mechanisms behind the phenomenon have not. With the increasing emphasis on organizational transparency, the need to understand why organizational participants regularly fail to transfer critical task-relevant information is pressing. Two measures of how individuals give (face giving) and react to (threat sensitivity) negatively valenced information are developed and are shown to significantly affect upward communication. These effects are mediated by 2 dyadic psychological safety constructs based on Edmondson's (1999) team psychological safety construct. Self psychological safety mediated the effect of supervisor face giving on admission of errors and help seeking, and other psychological safety mediated the effect of supervisor face giving and supervisor threat sensitivity on the likelihood that a subordinate will raise disagreement, give candid feedback, and point out errors to a supervisor.

Auditor's Reputation, Equity Offerings, and Firm Size: The Case of Arthur Andersen

We study the impact of Arthur Andersen's declining reputation on their clients. When Andersen clients issue seasoned equity, we find that the negative reaction to SEO announcements is two percent worse for SEOs audited by Andersen versus other Big Five firms. A median firm in our sample loses $31.4 million more than a non-Andersen client. This result supports the argument that the certifying and monitoring role of auditors is valuable to clients. We do not find any unusual underpricing for SEOs or for IPO firms audited by Arthur Andersen. However, we do find that Andersen clients suffered significant value losses (approximately two percent) surrounding two key events: the admission of error by Andersen's CEO and the announcement of the criminal indictment against Andersen. We find that these results are driven by the large firms in our sample implying that only large firms' stock is affected by the deteriorating reputation of Andersen.

Roland's Christian Heroism

It is an anomaly that most readers of the Chanson de Roland seem to side with the villain, not the hero. Improbable as it is that the poet would have sympathized with this condemnation of his hero, the usual verdict seems to be that of Ganelon–that Roland is guilty of overweening pride. For example, the introduction to a new translation speaks of Roland's ‘presumptuous folly,’ and regards him as a ‘tragic’ hero who sins through pride and ‘impetuosity,’ barely redeeming himself by admitting his error (‘three mighty blasts of Roland's oliphant … proclaim his admission of error’) and dying in sanctity because he is penitent. The translator seems to agree, noting in her preface that ‘Roland's words of repentance [are] so convincing that he, who might well have sinned the same way again, can be carried off to heaven with angelic and human rejoicing’ (p. x). But an odd note creeps into the same sentence, for, she says, his ‘words of repentance are imprecise enough to leave his heroic stature untouched.’ Is heroism, then, incompatible with repentance? Perhaps this depends on what the hero repents. If Roland must repent because he has wickedly caused the slaughter of his own men, then he would seem to be more villain than hero.