Administrative-territorial System Research Articles

Urban agglomerations as forms of cooperation of communities in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

The decentralization reform, which is undoubtedly one of the most successful in Ukraine, contributed to the formation and strengthening of the foundations of the functioning of the municipal government in Ukraine, which in the conditions of a full-scale war demonstrated the ability to counter extraordinary challenges, ensuring the functioning of the economy and the livelihood of the population. Local self- government bodies not only made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of the state, but also provided support to communities that were occupied/de-occupied, provided temporary housing and created favorable conditions for the integration of forcibly displaced persons into the community, guaranteed the timely provision of the entire range of services at the community level, etc. The article is devoted to the search for ways to improve the institution of local self- government in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, which will speed up the reconstruction of destroyed settlements, lead to the growth of economic indicators and a significant increase in the level of providing services to the population. The author substantiates the need to revise the legislative regulation of issues of cooperation of territorial communities, in particular by creating urban agglomerations as one of the types of cooperation of territorial communities. The practice of functioning of urban agglomerations in foreign countries and the prospects of creating such agglomerations in Ukraine are analyzed. Attention is focused on the efforts of legislative regulation of the functioning of urban agglomerations, the debatability of the norms of the draft laws, which defined urban agglomerations as a separate component of the administrative-territorial system, contained norms that, having established the principle of mutual benefit, essentially legitimized the attempt of large cities to extend the sphere of their influence to adjacent territories, expand the boundaries of own powers at the expense of the powers and resources of neighboring territorial communities. It is proposed to supplement the Law «On the Cooperation of Territorial Communities»; and some other laws with separate regulations determining the legal status of agglomerations, to provide for the formation of the agglomeration council and to include in its sphere of competence consideration of issues affecting the common interests of territorial communities that are part of the agglomeration, and to provide a list of basic powers, which may vary depending on the amount of institutional capacity of the respective agglomeration.

MODERN TOOLS FOR MANAGING LOCAL BUDGETS IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALISATION

The crisis in Ukraine's economy requires the government to take significant transformation steps. The issue of decentralization of state powers in favor of local self-government as a basis for the transition to a new administrative-territorial system remains relevant. After all, the current assistance from partner countries to rebuild infrastructure and provide social guarantees does not cover the needs of local governments. Today, the budgets of hromadas, which are formed in accordance with the basic principles of the Concept of Reforming Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine, demonstrate an increase in revenue sources, but these resources are not enough to restore the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of decentralisation in Ukraine; to identify the impact of structural changes in the national economy on the financial capacity of local self-government bodies. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the article uses the structural method, comparative analysis of empirical data, and abstract and logical generalisation. Results. The paper examines the current realities of filling the budgets of hromadas. It finds that, despite the hostilities and the consequences of the coronavirus crisis, some local budgets in 2022-2023 were executed with a surplus. However, one of the factors behind this situation is the increase in "military" income tax revenues, which has significantly strengthened local budgets, but at the same time led to the misuse of funds. At the same time, there was an increase in capital expenditure in local budgets. Subsidies for education and health care, basic, additional and other budgeted transfers were transferred from the state budget to the budgets of local governments. However, the study points out the imperfection of the current equalisation system, which requires the construction of an optimal calculation model. Practical implications. As a basis, it is proposed to use the practice of the leading countries of the world, which is to increase the interest of local authorities in independently searching for additional sources of budget revenues and to reduce the pressure from the government to withdraw funds. Value/originality. Increasing their own revenues, which do not depend on the government's policy on the distribution of national taxes and fees, will allow hromadas to plan expenditures on priority areas regardless of changes at the political level.

DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL OF ODESA REGION: REGIONAL FEATURES

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article highlights the issue of the demographic situation and demographic potential of the Odesa region as a leading component of its development and the development of relevant regional strategies and programs. Regional features have been established and an intra-regional analysis of the demographic potential in the conditions of administrative-territorial reform has been carried out. The prerequisites of geodemographic processes in the region were clarified and their assessment was carried out taking into account the geographical basis and subregional specificity of the multicultural and polyethnic environment. The results of the study call for a revision of the demographic policy in the region within the framework of decentralization reforms, the successful completion of which is complicated by the state of war. The purpose of the study is to analyze the demographic potential of the Odesa region in the conditions of decentralization and martial law. The object of the study is demographic processes in the Odesa region. The subject of the study is the analysis of the demographic situation and demographic potential in the Odesa region in conditions of uncertainty caused by the decentralization reform and changes in the administrative-territorial system, complicated by the state of war. Data & Methods. When writing the article, traditional general scientific research methods were used. Statistical materials of the demographic situation at the national and regional levels were used for data analysis, and statistical and specific demographic methods were used for their subject processing. Public management methods were used to analyze the demographic potential in order to make appropriate management decisions. When processing data for the obtained results, software tools of office packages (in particular, Word, Excel) were used. When analyzing and writing the proposed publication, official statistical reporting data was used. Results. Undoubtedly, after the end of the war, in order to restore Ukraine and the region in particular, in order to improve the demographic potential of the Odesa region, it is necessary to adopt the necessary regional programs aimed at increasing the birth rate, creating new jobs, improving the quality of life, reducing the mortality rate, and supporting young families. The implementation of these programs requires a systematic approach and balanced decisions on the part of regional and central authorities.

აგრარული პოლიტიკის ფორმირების რეგიონული გამოწვევები საქართველოში

The modern world has entered an acute phase of irreversible changes and implementation of global economic transformation. In today's situation, a sensible, coherent, flexible and adaptable national economic strategic doctrine created by the state, delineating the proper role and function of the country's regional and agrarian policy, is becoming urgent. The Strategy of Agriculture and Rural Development of Georgia for 2021-2027 considers the creation of competitive products the main objective, however, the single action plan and the service programs available to the Ministry today do not leave the feeling that we have understood all the problems and challenges that arise at different stages, step or phase. Based on the foregoing, it is appropriate to raise the issue of policy options to promote production of agricultural products in the regions. Georgia's agriculture and regional development are moving absolutely haphazardly. It is this kind of inertia that needs to be stopped and urgently reformed and transformed, where the determination of the “rules of the game” of the institutional economy and the activity of regional structures in terms of statistical-analytical and situational-contextual studies become a prerequisite for targeted-program actions and the development of the field. It I safe to say that creating a regional agriculture and rural development strategy is an urgent and at the same time difficult task in today's situation. First of all, the problem is specified in the area of –administrative-territorial system and imperfections of legislation. As for the socio-economic aspects and the range of actions and thematic diversity here encourage us to think creatively and determine the advantages of causal programs. Contemporary world challenges in recent years show even more attention to issues of regionalization and the introduction of decentralization-deconcentration principles in the processes generally. The programs developed in the regions, which should be formed according to the “bottom-up” principle, fall under the institutional order network, because they become a continuation of the centripetal macroeconomic strategy of the government and create the needs of the centrist policy with the help of the principles of the regional economy. It is of the utmost importance that flexible and effective institutional changes appear in the regions, thus we will be able to analyze the resource potential and prospeects of the economy, motivate active behavior, which will replace evolutionary inertia and fragmentation with a complex, structurally-organizationally formed, technical-economically sound policy. The five directions of agricultural production optimization presented in the paper, starting from the land optimization formula and ending with the importance of introducing innovative technologies, are a single complex action module, where each has its own unique function-duty, and it is not unacceptable to disable or ignore them from a business and economical point of view.

Zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s

The issues of formation and development of zoning of the Siberian Region in the second half of the 1920s, closely related to the national processes of economic and territorial reform of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, are considered. The evolution of the administrative-territorial system of the Siberian Region is analyzed: the formation of regions and districts through the liquidation of provinces, counties and volosts, the unbundling of village councils and the improvement of the administrative network in accordance with the economic and political challenges of that time. It shows the complexity and inconsistency of the ongoing zoning of the region, which required constant improvement of the administrative system through the development of various projects, discussions with the center and the actual implementation of planned changes on the ground. It is noted that, despite the positive developments in the improvement of the administrative-territorial system, in the end, the Siberian Region was divided into two independent subjects of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It is concluded that the liquidation of the Siberian Region was closely related both to internal problems, namely, the cumbersomeness and weak efficiency of the administrative system of the region that existed in the second half of the 1920s in Siberia, and to national approaches to the zoning of the Soviet state, expressed in the unbundling of territories.

Historical preconditions of democratic changes in the context of the formation and development of Ukrainian statehood

The article examines the democratic origins of the social and state system in different historical periods. Important state-building legal sources are considered: Magdeburg law, Lithuanian statutes, the Constitution of Philip Orlyk, which had a decisive influence on the establishment of the foundations of the republican democratic state governed by the rule of law. The order of origin and acceptance of the privileges of the Magdeburg law by the cities of Ukraine is clarified. The democratic principles of the state and local system in different periods from the times of Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, to the Cossack state were revealed. The peculiarities of the administrative-territorial system during the stay of the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire, as well as the centralized system of the Soviet period, are considered.
 The role of civic self-government as the basis of local government, the process of change of power as the basis of democracy is defined. It is proved that Ukrainian statehood has democratic foundations and roots, including due to the influence of the Western political and legal space. In this regard, systemic changes, especially at the local government level, are aimed at restoring and reviving lost democratic roots and building a developed local government system.

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT FOR THE RENOVATION OF UKRAINE'S INFRASTRUCTURE: RISKS OF STATE REGULATION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FOREIGN BUSINESS

Topicality. The military invasion of the russian federation caused considerable damage to the Ukraine’s economy, in particular due to the damage and destruction of infrastructure facilities. Among the state priorities is their restoration according to the principle of "we will rebuild better", using the limited financial resources of the state or the funds raised by international donors as efficiently as possible, transparently and without elements of corruption, which becomes possible due to a transparent and efficient public procurement system. The study of the transparency and specificity of procurement in the state under martial law is particularly relevant.Aim and tasks. To carry out an analysis of procurement activities in Ukraine and to highlight the peculiarities of public procurement for the reconstruction of Ukraine's infrastructure under martial law, to identify problematic aspects of the implementation of procurement procedures in the context of the tools of state regulation, and to develop proposals for improving the procurement process and creating opportunities for foreign businesses to participate in the reconstruction of Ukrainian cities.Materials and Methods. The results of comparative analysis, theoretical generalization of scientific approaches to the implementation of procurement activities in the conditions of martial law. The material and methodical base of the study is formed by official statistical data on purchases in the Prozorro system.Research results. The main results of state regulation of procurement activities under martial law are relaxation of a number of restrictions for purchasers and creation of opportunities to purchase goods, works, services for budget funds without the Prozorro system. For its part, it created the basis for irresponsible attitude of customers to the tender process and weakening of competition on the part of participants and led to a number of corruption risks. The opportunities provided to the customer affected the number of procurement procedures in the system, competition among participants in view of the authorization of procurement with an offer from only one participant, instead of a minimum of two, as before, and the efficiency of spending budget funds. Ukraine has many partners who are ready to join the reconstruction of our state. At the same time, a high-quality long-term partnership requires coordinated interaction between authorities at different levels, a high level of professionalism in the implementation of reforms, and transparency in spending funds.Conclusion. The results of the conducted research form the basis for the need to strengthen the strategic role of public procurement in the restoration of state infrastructure. In the context of infrastructure restoration, the public procurement strategy at various levels of the administrative-territorial system of Ukraine should be an effective tool, one of the priorities of which may be to increase the level of involvement of international business in public procurement for the restoration of the infrastructure of the state and its individual territorial units, taking into account their characteristics.

Omsk Province: History of Border Formation in 1919-1925

The article examines the issue of establishing the borders of the Omsk province with neighboring territories. The main directions of the delimitation processes with Siberian provinces and the Kirghiz (Kazakh) Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic are analyzed: the allocation of certain districts of the Tyumen province under the control of Omsk; the transfer of parts of the Altai and Tomsk provinces to the Omsk province; the transfer of several districts that were part of the Akmolinsk region to the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR; and the dispute over the territorial affiliation of the Ishim and Pavlodar districts by Omsk. The complexity and ambiguity of territorial demarcation resulting from spontaneous changes in Russia’s administrative-territorial system during the revolutionary events of 1917, the Civil War, and the initial transformations of the Bolsheviks are demonstrated. It is revealed that the main issue was the formation of the southern border of the Omsk province with the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR, which later became the state border between Russia and Kazakhstan. It is noted that the authorities of the Omsk province systematically defended territorial interests not only of their own province but also of Siberia as a whole, being key players in the region. The conclusion is drawn that thanks to the territorial shifts in southern Western Siberia, a foundation was laid for the formation of stable borders between Siberia and the Kirghiz (Kazakh) ASSR.

Constitutional and legal problems of the development of parliamentarism in Ukraine in the context of decentralization and territorial governance reform

Constitutional and legal problems of the development of parliamentarism in Ukraine in the context of decentralization and territorial governance reform

Households of Bohai Gorbatka walled town

The results of excavations on the territory of the Gorbatka walled town became the basis of the research into the economic activity of the early medieval population in the valley of the Ilistaya River (Primorye). The site represents the remains of a large administrative center of the Bohai state (698–926 AD). The purpose of the research is to clarify the role of households in the stable functioning of Gorbatka within the administrative-territorial system of Bohai for a long time. To implement a comprehen-sive study of the excavated dwellings and adjacent spaces, stratigraphic and planigraphic methods, the method of water flota-tion and separation were used, a geological survey was carried out, also botanical remains, bones of terrestrial mammals and fish, and mollusk shells were analyzed. The inhabitants of the households had diversified subsistence economy, in which the leading role belonged to agriculture. Hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and shellfish, and home crafts (bone carving, wea-ving, woodworking, stone working, production of hand-made pottery) provided main resources needed for survival. Furthermore, the households specialized in non-ferrous metalworking, and possibly small-scale repair of iron products. However, the smelting of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and the production of wheel-made pottery took place in specialized workshops outside households. The lacking food (sea fish and shellfish, prestigious goods from other regions of Bohai) and non-food resources (imported goods) were arriving as a result of local, inter-regional and international exchanges. Planning domestic economic activities at home combined with the implementation of necessary public works during the economic year provided a relatively stable functio-ning of the walled town in the administrative-territorial system of the Bohai state. The town arranged the collection of taxes in households (in manufactured products) towards the central regions of the state and supervised the safety of trade routes.

FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE- TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EASTERN PODILS REGION

The article examines the historical and geographical aspects of the experience organization of the administrative-territorial system of the southeastern part of Podilsk Transnistria, which still does not have a synthetic expression of this problem, in order to identify the possibilities of its application to improve functioning in conditions of decentralization. In particular, attention is focused on the establishment of transformation processes of the administrative-territorial system at the sub- regional level of the national territorial structure, taking into account its historical and geographical features throughout the entire time period, in unison with the formation of Ukraine (from ancient times to the present). The research is based on the complex use of general scientific and special scientific methods, which made it possible to cover all aspects of the scientific problem. On the basis of the basic territorial-temporal dimension, the diversity of the administrative-territorial organization of the subregional level is characterized, which is the result of the influence of various factors (historical, geographical, military-political, ethno-cultural) and reflects its main forms in the conditions of statehood (public self-government, the Vichy of Kyiv Rus, Galicia -Volyn Principality, Hetmanship, UNR, Ukraine), occupation regimes (Golden Horde, Lithuanian Principality, Polish and Romanian Kingdoms, Commonwealth of Independent States, Ottoman, Russian and German (Third Reich) Empires, Soviet Union). The study of the realities of the transformation of the administrative- territorial system of the southeastern part of Podilskyi Transnistria over a period of more than a thousand years allows us to holistically trace the peculiarities of the creation and functioning of local self-government at the sub-regional meso level, which is valuable in view of the decentralization of executive authorities and the state's strategic European integration course. The results of the research can be used in further historical-geographical studies of the administrative- territorial system of Transnistria and neighboring regions, in particular, to solve urgent problems of the territorial organization of the district-level administrative unit; for the preparation of lecture courses on general or thematic regional studies, primarily geographical and historical.

THE CURRENT STATE OF GEODEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE ODESA REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE NEW ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

Problem Statement and Purpose. The article examines the current state of geodemographic processes in the Odesa region on the basis of the new administrative system. To achieve this goal, studies were conducted, as a result of which it was established that the main factor affecting geodemographic processes in the region is depopulation, which is partially compensated by positive migration. This indicates the need to revise the demographic policy in the region as part of the decentralization reform. The purpose of this article is to conduct and analyze the geodemographic process (GDP) in the Odesa region in modern conditions of transformation of social relations and administrative reform. Within the scope of achieving the goal, the following tasks were completed: an analysis of the administrative-territorial system in the Odesa region was carried out, particularly in the focus of GDP changes, to analyze the dynamics of demographic indicators, the rate of birth, death rate, natural increase/decrease of the population, migration increase. Data & Methods. When writing the article, traditional general scientific methods were used, which were combined with special methods of population demography and geography research. Statistical materials of the demographic situation at the national and regional levels were used for data analysis, and statistical and specific demographic methods were used for their subject processing. Excel software was used for data processing for the obtained results. When writing the work, data from official statistics were used. Results. In order to improve the geodemographic situation in Odesa, the necessary regional programs should be adopted, which should be aimed at increasing the birth rate, creating new jobs, improving the population’s life and improving its quality, reducing mortality rates, supporting young families, etc. Implementation requires a systematic approach and balanced decisions of regional and executive authorities.

САМОВРЯДНА СКЛАДОВА ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНИМ РОЗВИТКОМ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД ТА РАЙОНІВ УКРАЇНИ

The formation of the UTC and of new districts led to significant changes not only in the administrative-territorial system, but also in the territorial organization of society, the key feature of which is manifested in the growing role in social processes of the self-governing as component of public administration in the conditions of the formation of "mixed" in terms of population composition, complex according to their functions, sectoral and socio-spatial direction of development of continuous-convergent formations of the agglomeration type with signs of inclusiveness. From this follows the scientific and practical relevance of the problem related to determining the role of the self-governing component of public management of inclusive development of UTC and regions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the social purpose of the self-governing component of public management as a motivator and agent of inclusiveness formation within the spatial boundaries of the UTC and regions of Ukraine. For her implementation, the task of revealing the role of local identity in this process as the basis of an appropriate inclusive environment was formulated; of systemic characteristics of inclusive self-government; determining the place of the self-governing component in the system of public administration of inclusive development of UTC and districts. It is proven that the reform of decentralization of power and management created opportunities for the democratization of the system of public management of inclusive development through the direct implementation of self-governing principles at the level of local government and self-governing and representative interests of communities at the level of districts. However, such potential opportunities in the form of a self-governing component of public management of the inclusive development of these socio-spatial entities can turn into reality, first of all, under the condition of recognizing the individual as the primary self-governing link. This is precisely the scientific novelty of the research. It is noted that the basis of inclusive self-governance of UTC and districts is the organization of local communities' life activities through the formation of local identity, the self-determination of each person as an agent of inclusive development, followed by their involvement to cohesion and of integration around the solution of common social problems. Social inclusion of the residents of the UTC in the local space of the districts is possible under the condition of combining self-governing and management functions based on commonality and representation of the interests of each individual person, community and district local community as a whole. The formation of an inclusive local environment presupposes the presence of financial and economic, inclusive, self-governing and public-management capacity of UTC and districts. Attention is focused on the expediency of focusing further attention of scientists on the substantiation of the integral index of inclusiveness of these socio-spatial formations, as well as the deepening of scientific ideas about the essence of inclusive governance.

Administrative-territorial system as a basis for building a new model of territorial management

Administrative-territorial system as a basis for building a new model of territorial management

ІНКЛЮЗИВНЕ ВРЯДУВАННЯ СІЛЬСЬКО-МІСЬКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦІЙ УКРАЇНИ

The article formulates and solves an actual scientific and practical problem related to the justification of the model of inclusive governance of united territorial communities (UTCs) and districts identified as rural-urban agglomerations. Taking into account the purpose of the research,formulated of task regarding the task of determining the essence of good governance, the characteristics of inclusive governance as a system built on certain principles, and clarifying the conditions for the formation of a society in Ukraine that functions on the basis of inclusiveness. In the process of working on the chosen topic, modern scientific publications of Ukrainian and foreign economists, sociologists, political scientists, geographers, lawyers, public administration specialists on issues of inclusive governance were analyzed. Creative use of systemic and institutional approaches, the principle of interdisciplinarity, methods of observation, comparison, abstraction, generalization, reflection, extrapolation, synthesis and analysis, deduction and induction contributed to the achievement of the research goal. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the extrapolation of the scientifically described model of inclusive governance of local socio-spatial formations to the national space in order to determine the conditions for the formation of an inclusive society. The conceptual basis of the model of inclusive governance is a systemic view of the essence of the phenomenon of governance as a way of using public power and implementing public policy for the purpose of organizing and streamlining the process of formation within rural-urban agglomerations of inclusion. It is proved that the institutional and organizational-administrative basis of the inclusive governance of these socio-spatial entities are the principles of democracy, organization and decentralization, and its economic, political and worldview foundations are economic growth, state capacity, self-governance and people-centeredness. It has been established, that the creation of a democratic decentralized space due to the inclusiveness of the administrative-territorial units of the basic and district levels of the administrative-territorial system of Ukraine with proper governance through the involvement, inclusion and unification of all layers of the population around the idea of post-war reconstruction of the country, is the key to the formation of an inclusive society. The practical significance of the research results lies in the conceptual support of post-war reconstruction tasks on an inclusive basis of the territories affected by the military attack of the neighboring aggressor country.

FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCE OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES: ESSENCE AND CONDITIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Introduction. IThe implementation of reforms of the administrative-territorial system, public administration and local self-government in Ukraine has actualized the issue of substantiating the theoretical foundations of the financial support of territorial communities as a starting condition for achieving their self-sufficiency. The application in scientific works of various conceptual constructions that relate to the organization of finances of administrative-territorial units of the basic level requires a certain arrangement of them, which is necessary for the development of a set of measures aimed at realizing the ultimate goals of the announced reforms - the creation of a full-fledged living environment, meeting the various needs of citizens and providing them high-quality public services. Therefore, determining the essence of financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities is important not only from the standpoint of the theory of local finances, but also from a practical point of view. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the definition of the essence of financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities based on the analysis of scientific approaches available in the literature, as well as to single out its most important components and conditions of provision. Results. The main approaches to determining the essence of financial capacity and financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities are considered. A proper definition of financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities is proposed. Emphasis is placed on financial resources as a material basis for ensuring financial self-sufficiency of the territorial community. The two most important signs of a financially self-sufficient community are defined: autonomy and independence in decision-making regarding the formation, distribution and use of one’s own financial resources, as well as the sufficiency of the financial resources of local self-government bodies, which is necessary for them to fulfill their own and delegated powers. The main components of financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities are highlighted - institutional, organizational, financial, information and personnel. The most important conditions for ensuring the financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities are formulated, taking into account which will contribute to the achievement of the goals of the reform of local self-government in Ukraine. Conclusions. It is justified that a territorial community can be considered financially self-sufficient, which possesses sufficient financial resources, which local self-government bodies can dispose of independently at their own discretion in order to fulfill their functions and tasks, provide the population with high-quality public services, meet various local needs and ensure the stable development of the community in short- and long-term perspective. The most important conditions for ensuring financial self-sufficiency of the territorial community are systematized in terms of institutional, organizational, financial, information and personnel components.

CHANGES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE AND POPULATION OF ZAKARPATTIA DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD (1946–1991)

It is noted that Zakarpattia, as a separate administrative-territorial unit consisting of Uzhan, Berez, Ugochan, and Maramoros counties, was created in 1919–1920 as part of Czechoslovakia. It was found that as a result of the administrative-territorial reform in 1926, the zhupas were united in the so-called a large zhupa, and 14 districts were created. In 1928, due to consolidation, the number of districts was reduced to 12. In 1938–1939, the territory returned to Hungary, which carried out several administrative-territorial reforms. It is claimed that in the autumn of 1944, it became obvious that the territory of Zakarpattia would fall under the influence of the Soviet Empire. In present study particular attention is paid to the fact that the Soviet military administration returned the administrative-territorial division of the Czechoslovak period. It is noted that in 1946, the region officially became part of the Soviet Union, so the formation of the administrative-territorial system continued in order for the region to organically fit in with other regions of the Ukrainian SSR. It was found that the most significant administrative transformations took place from 1946 to 1969. According to the administrative division in 1946, the region consisted of 15 administrative units: 2 cities of regional subordination and 13 districts. It was established that in 1962, 8 districts were liquidated in Zakarpattia, but later the disintegration of districts was carried out and as a result of this reorganization 11 districts were created in 1965, and 2 more in 1966. As a result of the administrative-territorial reform of the Ukrainian SSR in 1965–1966, Zakarpattia again consisted of 13 districts and 2 cities of the regional order. In 1967–1969 there was the formation of new village councils, their merger or liquidation, the transfer of village council centres to other settlements, a change in the administrative subordination of village councils, the inclusion of villages in the strip of urban-type cities and towns. It can be concluded that, after repeated administrative transformations, the number of settlements in Zakarpattia Oblast increased from 512 in 1946 to 603 in 1969. In the period from 1969 to 1991 significant changes did not occurred. Keywords: Ukraine, Zakarpattia, administrative-territorial units, Soviet Union.

Sustainable Development Management Factors in The Regional Economy of Ukraine

Introduction. The functioning of the Ukrainian economy with a large number of restrictions necessitates its restoration on the basis of high-quality strategizing, taking into account foreign experience. The formation of financial support tools for the development of a regional development strategy raised the question of the need to change financial strategies to ensure the conditions for sustainable development, which determined the relevance of the study.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of this study is a theoretical and methodological review of modern financing of regional projects in Ukraine at the subregional level and the provision of proposals for their conceptual improvement in order to ensure sustainable development of the economy based on the European experience of regional strategizing.
 Results. The research contains a thorough modern analysis of individual factors of sustainable development of the regions of Ukraine in the medium-term perspective, namely: use of the opportunities of the administrative-territorial system; effective financing of regional development; concepts and models of "green" development of the regions of Ukraine. The need to organize a qualitatively new financing of regional development with the aim of achieving stable economic growth in post-war Ukraine is substantiated, and ways and forms of state assistance for this process are proposed. Based on the indicators of tax revenues in Ukraine in 2015–2021, a conceptual model of a system of institutions at the district (subregional) level is proposed that contributes to regional development, taking into account smart specialization and environmentalization. For its effective functioning, a mechanism for financing such a system is proposed based on the fiscal scheme of deductions from corporate income tax in the estimated amount for each territorial level.
 Conclusions. Synchronization of the administrative-territorial division with European countries made it possible to implement the EU experience in financial support of the sub-regional level of management and to offer a new vision of this process in Ukraine. Forecast calculations of the percentage of deductions from the tax revenues of enterprises' income tax to the relevant development funds were carried out using the apparatus of economic and mathematical modeling. The prospects for sustainable development and models for achieving this goal are analyzed, within which the vision, regional, and sectoral goals of such models are systematized.

Multi-vector management model of decentralization program management in Ukraine

Multi-vector management model of decentralization program management in Ukraine

A programmatic approach to the infrastructure management of united territorial communities

Relevance in the research topic. The objective necessity and relevance to develop conceptual system principles for the reforms management in housing and community amenities as a programme is explained by the current sphere`s position. It is unprofitable, needs subsidies, and resource support having high energy consumption rate. Among national housing and community amenities` hot button problems we should admit its financial and economic management, management of the conditions and state support line, preservation and maintenance of the housing stock, energy saving, etc. The main provisions of the reform`s programme principles will allow to determine the main development trends in housing and community amenities, sector`s further recovery and will provide the conditions for its effective functioning. At the same time, one should take into account that higher management efficiency in housing and community amenities should simultaneously correspond to the higher level of consumer welfare and the quality of life. Problem statement. Problems of housing and community amenities management require special attention amid current reforms of administrative-territorial system and decentralization of power in Ukraine, since its maintenance is provided by local state authorities and united territorial communities (UTC) formed as a result of reforms. Analysis of recent research and publications. Zapatrina I., Kachala T., Kyzym M., Tyshchenko O., Povazhnyi O. and others dealt with the modern aspects of solving housing and community amenities` development problems [1-3]. Unsolved parts of the general problem. Nowadays the problem of housing and community amenities` management reform is still relevant. Thus, there is a need to model the management process of housing and community amenities` regional programmes. Study task and objective. The study objective is to develop theoretical and methodological principles, and practical measures for housing and community amenities management programme using modelling. To achieve the study objective we defined and solved the following tasks: to form and substantiate the management model of the reform programme and economic development of UTC housing and community amenities amid decentralization of power in Ukraine; to build a systemic financially stable management algorithm for the provision of UTC housing and community amenities services. Research method and methodology. General scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and group analysis) and special (abstraction, economic and mathematical modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes were used in the study. The main material. The housing and community amenities reform programme (the Programme) for UTCs should include improvement of current management system of housing and community amenities enterprises, development of market relations in the sector, reduction of costs and losses of energy carriers in housing and community amenities enterprises, implementation of effective energy-saving policy, support for self-organization types (homeowner associations, public associations) as partners of the Programme implementation. General management and funding of housing and community amenities are delegated to local executive bodies, which govern the majority of communal enterprises and housing and community amenities organizations. Amid national administrative and territorial system reform – to UTCs. Let us model the financial mechanism of housing and community amenities reform Programme in UTCs. Financing of housing and community amenities in UTCs is provided in case of self-financing at the expense of community budget funds. Income taxes of housing and community amenities enterprises are put to local budgets. At the same time, local budget funds cover the losses of housing and community amenities enterprises and, if necessary, fund the construction of new facilities. In the short run, the following options for the UTC budget are possible, namely: higher housing and community amenities debts may lead to stagnation (invariance) or lower budget profitability; profitability or reduction of housing and community amenities debts will ensure the budget revenue growth. In the long run, the further debts growth of housing and community amenities may lead to stagnation (revenue invariance), then to UTC incomes shortage and their bankruptcy. Conclusions. Based on the studied problems, the main goals of the current stage of the reformation process were set: to improve the quality of housing and community amenities services and management system, to build an effective system of market interaction between providers and consumers of housing and community amenities; to optimize the use of resources, real estate and housing infrastructure; to optimize price-making system for housing and community amenities services. In order to achieve the set goals, tree-based models were proposed: an oligopoly model of housing and community amenities providers; an oligopoly model of housing and community amenities consumers; finance management model for housing and community amenities using PPP mechanism; a model of the resource management information system; a model of the optimal price-making system in housing and community amenities. Parameters modelling of the reform Programme in housing and community amenities for different-sized local UTCs was made. The model of financial mechanism for the implementation of housing and community amenities reforms in UTC was proposed.