Administration In Germany Research Articles

Bohne, Eberhard (2023). Verwaltungswissenschaft. Band 1: Theoretische und methodische Grundlagen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. 2. Auflage. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40300-3. 350 Seiten; Bohne, Eberhard mit Bauer, Christian (2023). Verwaltungswissenschaft. Band 2: Grundzüge der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Deutschland. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40898-5. 353 Seiten.

The second edition of Eberhard Bohne’s textbook, ’Verwaltungswissenschaft,’ is intended for students studying social, economic, and legal sciences, as well as practitioners in administration, business, and politics – but it is also an interesting read for both aspiring and established public administration scholars. Bohne critically reflects on the state and prospects of public administration science in Germany, emphasizing its lack of autonomy as a discipline and the urgent need for contemporary training for administrative practitioners. The textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to theoretical and methodological foundations, as well as the basic principles of public administration in Germany. It stimulates discussion on the future of public administration science and the challenges facing the public sector.

Crisis Response and Management of Public Administrations: Forgotten Tales

Crises and disasters have become omnipresent worldwide in recent years. But thinking of managing those critical situations the focus of the public and scientific research in recent years was primarily on blue light organizations, i.e., classic emergency response organizations. This changed with the refugee situation in 2015/2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic, when public administrations and local authorities in particular took on a central role in crisis management. They became the central players in those situations, played an important role at the interface with the local population and were the first point of contact and information for them. This article sheds light on municipal administrations in Germany which have often be overlooked in various stages of crisis management. Drawing on empirical evidence from a German research project, it delves into the extent to which municipalities may have been overlooked or disregarded in certain aspects.

Towards improving agility in public administration

In times of crises, such as the refugee crisis or the corona pandemic, the workload in public administrations increases because of the demands of citizens or short-term legal changes. In addition, there is an increasing need for digitalization or to be able to react flexibly to changes. Agile process models and agile practices are appropriate to overcome these challenges. The objective of this paper is to investigate how public administrations can measure their degree of agility to identify potential for improving it. The authors conducted a descriptive single-case study which included multiple units of analysis in a public administration in Germany. The case study was supported by their questionnaire for measuring the degree of agility. One outcome of this study is a conceptual framework that can be used to drive agile transformation in public administrations by continuously measuring agility. Therefore, a questionnaire for measuring agility at team level in public administrations has been developed. The application of the questionnaire in three teams provide insights into dysfunctionality in the interdisciplinary teams as well as optimization potential in terms of affinity to change. The adoption of agility in public administration is a challenge, given that resistance to change is still prevalent. A transformational change is a constant journey, and therefore, the measurement of progress plays an important role in the continuous improvement of an organization. The applied approach delivers high potential for improvement in terms of agility and provides interesting insights for both practitioners and academics.

Spirit of Subsidiarity Principle of Administration in Germany

Spirit of Subsidiarity Principle of Administration in Germany

Sergey I. Tyulpanov — statesman and outstanding scientist: Historical role and academic legacy

Sergei Ivanovich Tyulpanov is an outstanding scientist, military leader, diplomat, citizen, an extraordinary person, born in 1901, who for more than eighty years shared the fate of his people and his Motherland. The article presents the joint work of N. P. Kuznetsova, one of Tyulpanov’s graduate students in the 70s of the last century, S. F. Sutyrin, head of the department of world economics, who took the baton from the school of the department of international economic relations and the department of modern capitalism economics in 1996, and professor L. D. Shirokorad, who spent his entire professional life working on the problems of the history of economic thought and the development of the Faculty of Economics at Leningrad State University — St. Petersburg State University. The article is divided into four parts: the initial stage of Tyulpanov’s military and academic career up to the WWII, military and ideological activity during the Great Patriotic war, the role of the Soviet military administration in Germany / SVAG Information Department in the formation of post-war Germany, the creation of the Department of Modern Capitalism Economics — a unique center for teaching and studying the economics and politics of developed and developing countries.

Impact of digital stress on negative emotions and physical complaints in the home office: a follow up study

ABSTRACT Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic many employees perform under increasingly digital conditions. Enabling home office environments became mandatory for companies wherever possible in consideration of the ongoing pandemic. Simultaneously, studies reported on digital stress. The current literature lacks rigorous research into digital stress on psychosomatic outcomes, emotions, and disease. Therefore, we endeavor to understand how digital stress developed over the course of the pandemic and if it predicts differences in negative emotions and physical complaints in the home office setting. Methods To answer the research question, we conducted an online survey among 441 employees in 2020 and 398 employees in 2022 from three municipal administrations in Germany, who were working from home at least occasionally. We used a cluster analysis to detect digitally stressed employees. Regression analyses were performed on digital stress, negative emotions, and physical complaints. Results The analysis revealed an increase from 9 to 20% in digital stress, while negative emotions and physical complaints did not show evident differences. In the multivariate model, we observe a change in the proportion of digitally stressed employees between 4 and 17%, while the control variables explain around 9%. Conclusions Digital stress did not significantly affect either negative emotions or physical complaints. However, digital stress appeared to exert a more substantial predictive influence on negative emotions. The study emphasizes rising digital stress, which contradicts a positive adaption to the digital working conditions within the observed period. The psychosomatic relations are low or lagged. Further research investigating digital stress and countermeasures, especially to understand how to prevent harmful long-term effects such as distress resulting from working from home conditions, is needed.

Wastelands of empire, sites of ‘salvation’: landscapes of ‘reform’ in late nineteenth-century Germany

This essay traces a rural network of modern carceral and internal colonial land enclosures developed in late nineteenth-century Germany. It considers the extent to which long-running debates over the value of penal colonialism and deportation for the management of societal ‘threats’ influenced shifts in carceral policy of the time, long thought to have been largely determined by the welfare reform movement of the Wilhelmine period and the notion of ‘protective supervision’ that prevailed in its wake. It is argued that certain aspects of convict colonialism, publicly interrogated by German legal theorists, were quietly adapted by carceral reform practices beginning in the 1880s. This essay speculates on the spatial and territorial implications of those adaptations, examining the little-known prison labour camps located in the sewage farms of Berlin after 1890, the model establishment of the rural labour colony founded by the pastor Friedrich von Bodelschwingh, and the Prussian Settlement Commission’s anti-Slavic, anti-migrant program of internal colonisation, established by the German Ministry of Agriculture in 1886. It is argued that links between them were crystallised in a racialised topos of waste, framed by an emergent environmental discourse that served to sediment difference. Together, these institutions of correction, the architectures of enclosure that attended them, and the segregated geographies that resulted from them transformed the meaning and administration of Germany’s rural landscape and demarcate modern imperial planning practices that mobilised space, territory, and environment as mediums of ‘progressive’ reform and ‘protective supervision’ tied to increasingly regimented and policed forms of settlement.

Medical Treatment, Duty to Work, and Political Education. Functions of Soviet “Prophylactoria” and “Care Homes for STD Patients” in Germany

After the end of World War II, “care homes for sexually transmitted disease patients” were established in the Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany (SOZ). The legal basis was established by the order of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) No 30. Care homes for sexually transmitted disease patients are institutions that combine education and treatment of illnesses for individuals with an STD. The sick individuals had to follow a regular daily routine and work every day. Political indoctrination served to educate “socialist personalities”. Similar institutions already existed in the USSR. In the 1920s, the so-called “prophylactoria” were established in the USSR. This article compares these two types of medical institutions. Sources from the State Archive of the Russian Federation in Moscow, the German Federal Archives in Berlin, and the City Archive Zwickau were used.

Health Economic Aspects of Platelet Concentrates: Comparing Cost and Reimbursement of Pathogen Inactivated and Conventional Platelet Concentrates in a German Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Pathogen inactivation (PI) utilizing amotosalen and UVA light (INTERCEPT® Blood System) is a well-established method for the production of safer platelet concentrates (PCs). While many studies describe clinical and logistical benefits of PI, the implications and potential challenges from a hospital management perspective have not yet been analyzed - health economic analyses considering reimbursement of PI are lacking. The objective of this analysis was to examine the real-life inpatient treatment costs from a hospital perspective and to assess the economic impact of PI-PC versus conventional PC (CONV-PC) administration in Germany. Real-life cost data for inpatient cancer cases from 2020 of the University Hospital Cologne were identified by operating and procedure codes. The German diagnosis-related groups, extra fees, case mix index (CMI), length of stay (LOS), and average resource consumption of PC were evaluated from a micro-management perspective. The potential economic impact of implementing PI-treated PCs was modeled retrospectively. In total, 951 inpatient cases were analyzed (CMI [median 4.7-9.9], LOS [median 26 days], number of cases in intensive care units [38%]). The median DRG fee was between EUR 13,800 and EUR 26,400. According to our model, the use of PI-PC compared to CONV-PC would result in savings between EUR 184 and EUR 306 per case. From a hospital management perspective, oncological cases requiring PC transfusion are associated with a high CMI (reimbursement per DRG flat fee) and moderate costs with sufficient add-on payment for PI on a case level. Investment and process costs for PI implementation can be analyzed for site-specific scenarios.

The Actual State of Securing Route Bus Services by Public Administration in Germany

The Actual State of Securing Route Bus Services by Public Administration in Germany

Закрепление права на труд в нормативных правовых актах Восточной Германии в 1945–1990 гг.

The Constitutions of the states and provinces that were part of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany can be divided into two groups. The Constitutions of Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg and Saxony included a section on basic rights, and also enshrined the right to work. In contrast, the Constitutions of Thuringia and Brandenburg contained neither a section on basic rights nor the right to work. While considering the period 1945-1949 attention should also be paid to the acts of both the Soviet Military Administration in Germany and the German authorities, which, among other things, were aimed at overcoming unemployment, secured the right to form trade unions, regulated the content of the collective agreement, and established measures to improve occupational safety. In the Constitution of the German Democratic Republic of 1949 the right to work was enshrined in Article 15. At the same time, the text of this article shows clear similarities with the norms of the Weimar Constitution, as well as the Constitutions of Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg and Saxony. In the GDR Constitution of 1968, the right to work is enshrined in Article 24. The basic right to work was developed by the provisions of such acts as the Labor Law of 1950, the Labor Code of 1961 and the Labor Code of the GDR of 1977. The GDR Constitution of 1968 and the GDR Labor Code of 1977 establish a legal duty to work. At the same time, in earlier normative legal acts, in particular in the Labor Code of 1961, this duty was characterized by the legislator as moral.

Activity of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to nationalize industry in the Soviet Occupation Zone 1945-1946

Activity of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany to nationalize industry in the Soviet Occupation Zone 1945-1946

Dupilumab (Dupixent®) tends to be an effective therapy for uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: real data of a single-centered, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study from a university hospital in Germany

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory disease, which is usually type 2-mediated in the western hemisphere, associated with severe therapeutic and socioeconomic challenges. The first targeted systemic treatment option for severe uncontrolled CRSwNP is a human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) subunit called dupilumab, which was approved for subcutaneous administration in Germany in October 2019. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of dupilumab in real life in patients treated with dupilumab in label according to license in our department in 2019–2021.Materials and methodsSince October 2019, we have investigated 40 patients (18 men, 22 women) treated with dupilumab in a single-center, retrospective single-arm longitudinal study. The following parameters were collected before treatment (baseline), at 1 month, 4 months, 7 months, 10 months, and 13 months: the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), the forced expiratory pressure in 1 s (FEV-1), the olfactometry using Sniffin' Sticks-12 identification test (SSIT), a visual analog scale of the total complaints, the Nasal Polyp Score (NPS), histologic findings as well as total serum IgE, eosinophilic cationic protein in serum and blood eosinophils.ResultsThe average age was 52.7 years (± 15.3). The follow-up period was 13 months. The SNOT-22 average was 60 points (± 22.2) at the first visit, 28.2 points (± 17.1) after 4 months and 20.8 points (± 17.7) after 13 months. The NPS was 4.3 points (± 1.5), after 4 months 2.1 points (± 1.3) and after 13 months 1.4 points (± 1.1). Olfactometry showed 3.2 points (± 3.7) at the baseline, 7.0 points (± 4.0) after 4 months and 7.8 points (± 3.5) after 13 months. The other parameters also improved. Most parameters showed linear dependence in the slopes under therapy (p < 0.001). Adverse side effects were mostly only mild, and no rescue therapy was needed.ConclusionThere is a clear improvement in the medical condition and symptoms in all categories mentioned under therapy with dupilumab, as well as a reduction in the need for systemic glucocorticoids and revision surgery as rescue treatment. Our results show that dupilumab tends to be an effective therapy alternative for severe CRSwNP.

Compensation Claims of the Hohenzollern

The article focuses on the debate over compensation from Brandenburg, sought by the current head of the House of Hohenzollern, Prince Georg Friedrich. The legal basis for these claims is the Compensation Act, which guaranteed adequate compensation to owners who had been subjected to expropriation by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany in 1945. In 1994, however, those who collaborated with National Socialist or Communist regimes or encouraged others to do so were excluded from this law. The key question is whether the then Crown Prince Wilhelm had significantly aided and abetted the Nazi regime. This would preclude compensation. The main sources are expert assessments commissioned by both parties to the dispute to be prepared by reputable specialists. The undisputed facts are presented on the one hand, and the controversial assessments are discussed on the other. In addition, the political and legal reappraisal of the dispute is also addressed. The proceedings allow conclusions to be drawn about the culture of expert witnesses in the Federal Republic of Germany and the working conditions of historians.

Kuhlmann, Sabine, Proeller, Isabella, Schimanke, Dieter &amp;) Ziekow, Jan (Eds.) (2020). Public Administration in Germany. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. Hardcover &amp;) open access, 416 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-030-53696-1 ISBN 978-3-030-53697-8 (eBook); https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8.

The book “Public Administration in Germany” provides an encompassing overview about both the historical foundations and the basic principles of the ‘German Model’ of Public Administration. Furthermore, readers learn about the most recent challenges of this model, e.g., a severe backlog with respect to digitalization of public administration and public service provision. The editors have provided a well-coordinated compilation of 22 chapters written by 31 authors. The book addresses the international community of Public Administration scholars: it can be recommended for practitioners, researchers and, in particular, for lecturers teaching Public Administration in Germany in an international context. It is a valuable source for everyone who wants to understand why this model was – and still is – highly influential for the development of Public Administration in the Western sphere.

Risk factors for digital stress in German public administrations

ObjectiveAs the digitization of the working world progresses, the demands on employees change. Not least, this is true for the setting of public administrations in Germany, which is currently affected by the transformation to E-Government. This study aims to identify and describe a risk cluster of digitally stressed employees in public administrations.MethodsAn online sample of 710 employees from three public administrations in North Rhine-Westphalia were surveyed about digital stress (7 items) and several potential risk factors (19 items) derived from the current research. In the first step, a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis is used to detect the risk cluster. This is followed by a comparison to the group of the remaining employees regarding their risk profiles.ResultsThe analysis states that the digitally stressed cluster accounts for approximately ten percent of the public administration’s employees of the total sample. Employees in the risk cluster are less satisfied with on-site work overall, experience less collegial support on-site, experience less collegial support in the home office, resign more often, are more likely to feel overwhelmed, are less educated, are older in age and more often have relatives in need of care.ConclusionThis work was able to identify and describe a group of digitally stressed rather than left-behind employees in public administrations to bring awareness to potentially destructive factors in the digital transformation process but eventually to social inequalities. The findings offer the basis for interventions to arise and evoke potential for further research.

Методологические и источниковедческие проблемы изучения повседневной жизни сотрудников центрального аппарата Советской военной администрации в Германии

The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological and source-related difficulties faced by researchers of everyday life of employees of the Soviet military administration in Germany. The main attention is paid to the historiographical prerequisites for addressing this topic, the object of study, the features of various sources and the problem of «searching» for everyday life in them.

Intersektionale Ansätze in Gleichstellungsgesetzen

Gender equality laws have existed in public administration in Germany since 1998. These laws specify the constitutional requirement of gender equality on the basis of article 3(2) of the German Constitution. Considering the background of present discussions in Germany concerning inclusion and diversity in public administration, this article analyses possibilities to address intersectional discrimination, including racial discrimination and discrimination based on different socio-economic backgrounds. Therefore, the following critical analysis focuses on possible intersectional approaches in German gender equality laws. The article presents the primary existing constitutional provisions and simple legal rulings, while also taking a ‘de lege ferenda’ perspective. To this end, the article suggests concrete wording for new legislation and for the amendment of existing laws.

Improving Team Functioning and Performance in Age-Diverse Teams: Evaluation of a Leadership Training

AbstractThe ongoing demographic change in most European countries increases the proportion of older employees and the prevalence of age diversity in work groups. As the diversity literature supports theories predicting negative effects of age diversity in teams, practical interest is growing how to influence these groups to perform at their best. In this article, we present a model of productivity in age-diverse teams, which we used as the platform for conceptualizing a new training for leaders. The training aims at improving attitudes toward older employees, appreciation of team diversity, and performance in age-diverse teams. We evaluated this training in a public administration in Germany with a training–waiting control group design (47 leaders, 221 employees) including a follow-up measure after 1 year. Results revealed that the training increased appreciation of age diversity and reduced age stereotypes in leaders. Team members’ ratings of age stereotypes and conflicts were also positively influenced, in particular for younger team members who suffer most from working in age-diverse teams. Thus, the newly developed training is a recommendable intervention for leaders of age-diverse teams.

Повседневная жизнь победителей в советской зоне оккупации Германии в воспоминаниях участников событий

Many years of work resulted in a book on the everyday life of Soviet military and civil personnel of the Soviet occupation forces and administration in Germany in 1945–49. The current state of research does not allow a generalized socio-cultural overview as yet, but contemporary witnesses can provide us with interesting ego-sources. Twelve of such sources, flanked by rare photographs, were compiled into a book which is intended for broad readership in Germany and suggests a multi-perspective view of the new beginning in Germany after the end of the war in 1945. The article contains a fragment of the introduction to the book.