Administration Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Research Articles

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Can Reduce C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

ABSTRACTS Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) possess anti-inflammatory properties. There is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, in cancer patients. Herein, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on CRP levels in patients with cancer. PubMed and EMBASE were searched until May 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of omega-3 PUFA administration on CRP levels in cancer patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the differences in omega-3 PUFA administration and control conditions. Seventeen eligible studies involving 916 cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity was present among individual studies (Pheterogeneity = 0.000; I 2 = 74.5%). The overall SMDs of CRP levels between omega-3 PUFA administration and control conditions were 0.628 (95% CI: 0.342-0.914) and 0.456 (95% CI: 0.322-0.590) by the random-effect and fixed-effect models, respectively. Sources of heterogeneity were not found through subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Existing publication bias contributed slightly to the effect size. Omega-3 PUFAs can reduce systemic inflammation, as indicated by CRP levels in cancer patients. The use of omega-3 PUFAs is recommended for cancer patients due to their anti-inflammatory properties.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and IVF treatment.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids, derived mostly from fish oil, that have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Data from animal studies support their role in the reproductive mechanism, and recent human studies suggest a positive effect on sperm quality and natural conception. Their general role in human fertility, and specifically in IVF treatment, however, is not clear. A few small, prospective cohort studies have examined the relationship between serum PUFAs and outcome measures and success in IVF, with conflicting results. Some have demonstrated a better chance of live birth with increased levels of serum omega-3 PUFAs, whereas others have failed to show such a correlation, and the reasons for such differences are not clear. Moreover, no well-designed, published studies have assessing whether the administration of omega-3 PUFAs before IVF treatment can improve clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. The development of safe and well-tolerated pharmaceutical forms of the active omega-3 PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), mean that assessment of this question is now possible and future studies are warranted.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate systematically the clinical efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the prevention of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.Materials and methodsPublished articles were identified by using search terms in online databases – PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library – up to March 2016. Only randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in CRC were selected and analyzed through a meta-analysis. Subgroup, sensitivity, and inverted funnel-plot analyses were also conducted.ResultsEleven articles with 694 CRC patients were finally included. Compared with control, omega-3 PUFA-enriched enteral or parenteral nutrition during the perioperative period reduced infectious complications (risk ratio [RR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.86; P=0.004), tumor necrosis factor alpha (standard mean difference [SMD] −0.37, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.07; P=0.01), interleukin-6 (SMD −0.36, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.07; P=0.02), and hospital stay (MD −2.09, 95% CI −3.71 to −0.48; P=0.01). No significant difference was found in total complications, surgical site infection, or CD4+:CD8+ cell ratio.ConclusionShort-term omega-3 PUFA administration was associated with reduced postoperative infectious complications, inflammatory cytokines, and hospital stay after CRC surgery. Due to heterogeneity and relatively small sample size, the optimal timing and route of administration deserve further study.

Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids reduce lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in patients with stable angina

Background and AimsIncreased consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) together with lifestyle measures and medications is recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, the exact mechanisms underlying observed benefits are not well defined. To this aim, we evaluated the effects of omega-3 PUFA in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity and their relation to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxy-LDL). Methods and ResultsIn a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study Lp-PLA2, oxy-LDL, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6 were determined at baseline, 3–5 days and 30 days during administration of omega-3 PUFA 1 g/day (n = 30) or placebo (n = 24). Treatment with omega-3 PUFA resulted in reduction of Lp-PLA2 mass by 10.7%, activity by 9.3 (p = 0.026 for both) and oxy-LDL by 10.9% (p = 0.014) at 30 days, with no change in myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6. Compared with placebo, patients receiving omega-3 PUFA had lower Lp-PLA2 mass by 9.42%, activity by 9.2 (p = 0.041 for both) and oxy-LDL by 12.3% (p = 0.10) after one month, but not at 3–5 days. There were no correlations between Lp-PLA2 and both myeloperoxidase and oxy-LDL throughout the study. The multivariate model showed that only treatment with omega-3 PUFA and baseline myeloperoxidase levels were independent predictors of Lp-PLA2 mass changes at one month (R2 = 0.37, P = 0.005). ConclusionsAdministration of omega-3 PUFA can decrease Lp-PLA2 in patients with stable angina undergoing PCI. This novel effect may contribute to the benefits derived from omega-3 PUF.

Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids administration on vascular function, inflammatory and fibrinolytic status in adults with metabolic syndrome

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with impaired vascular function. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, inflammatory and fibrinolytic process in subjects with MetS. Methods: We studied the effect of a 12 weeks oral treatment with 2gr/day of omega-3 PUFAs in 29 (15 male) subjects (mean age 44±12 years) with MetS on three occasions (day 0: baseline, day 28 and day 84). The study was carried out on two separate arms (PUFAs and placebo), according to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the guidelines of Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured by ELISA. Fasting serum lipid levels were measured using chromatographic enzymic method. Results: Treatment with PUFAs resulted in a significant increase in FMD and PWV (p<0.001 for both). Nevertheless, treatment with placebo resulted in no significant changes in FMD and PWV (p=NS for all). Moreover, PUFAs treatment, compared to placebo, decreased IL-6 levels and increased PAI-1 levels (p<0.001 for both). Finally, PUFAs decreased fasting serum triglyceride levels, total cholesterol levels and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p<0.001 for all). View this table: Table 1. Effects of PUFAs on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, IL-6, PAI-1 and lipids levels Conclusions: Treatment with omega-3 PUFAs favorably affect endothelial function and the elastic properties of the arterial tree in MetS subjects, with a parallel antiinflammatory effect.

Significance of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid administration in the therapeutic approach of depression in hemodialysis patients

According to various reports and clinical studies mentaldisorders represent a frequent sequela of chronic diseases.In end stage renal disease, in particular, mood disordersand more specifically major depression is met with a fre-quency of 20-30% and is the most widely acknowledgedabnormality [1]. As a consequence, overall quality of lifeas well as treatment compliance is severely impaired [2].Omega-3 (Ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) havebeen shown to reduce the risk and to treat mental disor-ders including depression [3]. However, evidence to date,remains obscure and recommendations must be givenwith caution [4]. The aim of the present study was to eval-uate the significance of Ω3 administration in the treat-ment of depressive maintenance hemodialysis (HD)patients.