Administration Of Herbal Extract Research Articles

Comparative study between ethanolic and chloroform extracts of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in male wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity

Background: Well documented neuroprotective profile as well as antioxidant potential of mucuna pruriens seeds with lesser side effects, we are intended to compare study between ethanolic (MPEE) and chloroform extracts (MPCE) of mucuna pruriens seeds extract in albino Wistar rats for the screening of anti-ulcer activity. Materials and methods: The pylorus ligation induced ulcer was used to explore the activity of the ethanolic and chloroform extract. Male albino Wistar rats weighing 100-150g were selected and grouped them among normal control, standard (Omeprazole; 20mg/kg) and treatment groups (MPEE; 50 mg/kg and MPCE; 50 mg/kg) respectively. Results: In our study, the chloroform and ethanolic extract of the seeds of Mucuna pruriens showed antiulcer efficacy as evidenced by a considerable decrease in gastric volume, free and total acidities, ulcer index, and pH. Consequently it might be predicted that both the extracts prevent suppress gastric damage induced by aggressive factors. Preventive anti-oxidants like catalase (CAT) enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) constitute the first line of defense in order to combat reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: The ethanolic and chloroform extracts were significantly inhibited the growth of ulcers. Based on the findings, it was determined that the ethanolic extract had superior antiulcer activity over the chloroform extract. In comparison to ulcer control rats, the administration of herbal extract (50 mg/kg p.o.) raised CAT, SOD, and GSH levels, indicating its efficiency in reducing free radical-induced damage. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrate, and tannins in the ethanolic extract, whereas glycosides, sterols, triterpines and tannins in the chloroform extract. The MPEE exhibited a better ulcer protective activity than the MPCE extract.

Effects of Garlic Powder and Satureja Khuzestanica Essential Oil on Male Ross 308 Chickens Performance, Blood Lipid Profile, Immune Responses, Intestinal Microflora, and Morphology

Background: Herbal antioxidants have beneficial effects on health and performance. Meanwhile, medicinal plants and their derivations are utilized as growth and immunity promoter. Objectives: This research aimed to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) on broiler performance, blood lipid profile, immune responses, intestinal microflora, and morphology. Methods: In total, 400 male chickens were randomly divided into five groups. Treatments included garlic powder (2 and 4%) and SKEO (400 and 500 mg/kg). Those in the control group received no intervention. On the 35th day of the experiment, the immune system of subjects was investigated, and at the end of the study, performance and blood lipid profile were analyzed. Also, the jejunal and ileal contents were separated to investigate the intestinal morphology and microflora. Results: Administration of herbal extracts was associated with improved performance, such as feed intake, BWG, and FCR (P < 0.05). Treatments could diminish the serum concentrations of lipid profile, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the number of harmful intestinal bacteria was reduced by garlic (4% of diet) and SKEO (500 mg/kg) treatments (P < 0.05). Also, morphological characteristics of the intestine were improved (P < 0.05). Herbal plant supplement remarkably increased the villus length, villus length to crypt depth, and villus area (P < 0.05), but did not affect the immune responses (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that dietary inclusion of herbal extracts is potentially an effective strategy for improving health and performance in broiler chickens.

HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS-Based Screening and Analysis of the Multiple Absorbed Bioactive Components in Rat Serum after Oral Administration of Xiexin Tang

Background: Xiexin Tang (XXT) is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula that has been used in herbal clinics for more than 1800 years. Recently, many studies have investigated the pharmacological effects and chemical composition of XXT. However, there is little information about systematic studies on the material basis of its efficacy. In the present study, the serum pharmacochemistry technique and HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS were performed to screen and analyze the multiple absorbed bioactive components and metabolites of orally dosed XXT in rat serum. Methods: Bio-samples and herbal extracts were analyzed and detected by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS. Upon comparison of the chromatograms of the single-constituent decoctions with that of the XXT formulation, the peak quantity and peak intensity of the formulated decoction showed some variation from those of the single-constituent decoctions. Results: Twenty-one serum-adsorbed constituents were identified after intragastric administration of herbal extracts, of which 8 originated from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RRR), 5 from Coptidis Rhizoma (CR), and 8 from Scutellariae Radix (SR). The results showed that the main adsorbed constituents in the serum were anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, and butyrophenones, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that an effective and reliable analytical method is set up for screening the bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine, which provided a meaningful basis for further pharmacology and active mechanism research of XXT.

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT WITH VIBURNUM SARGENTII K.AND ELEUTHEROCOCCUS ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PHOSPHOLIPID COMPONENTS OF ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO INTOXICATION WITH NITRIC OXIDES

There are presented results of the study of the impact of intoxication with nitrogen oxides on to the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of erythrocyte membrane in rats. The inhalation exposure with nitrogen oxides was carried out in inoculating chamber with the volume of 100 liters and designed according to the type of chambers by Kurliandsky B.A. with self-cleaning of contained air and regenerating system, specified temperature setttings (20-220С) and the air humidity (40-60%). Intoxication by nitrogen oxides was performed during 6 minutes with a toxicant concentration of 4.3 mg/cu.m. (MAC in atmospheric air amount to 0.4 mg/m3). Water solutions of dry residue from viburnum extract “Kaliphen” and Eleutherococcus extract (alcohol was anticipatorily removed from preparations by evaporating in a vacuum) were administered daily through the tube intragastrically during 2 weeks in a dosage of 100 mg of total polyphenols per kg of body weight prior to intoxication by nitrogen oxides. The influence of nitrogen oxides was found to be accompanied by the elevation of the level of saturated fatty acids of all kinds and by the decline in unsaturated fatty acids content in the fatty acids pattern of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the main structural phospholipids of biomembranes. The redistribution of fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane supposes the changes of its physicochemical properties, lability, and the complexity of the erythrocyte passage through the microvascular bed. Herbal polyphenol preparations Kaliphen and Eleutherococcus improved the survival rate of animals under the preventive administration before intoxication with nitrogen oxides. The introduction of extracts before intoxication is accompanied by the pronounced trend to the restoration of the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of erythrocytes membranes. The preventive administration of Kaliphen before intoxication with nitrogen oxides was supposed to offer more pronounced protection of the fatty acids pattern of phospholipid fractions than those following the introduction of Eleutherococcus. The preventive administration of herbal extracts with polyphenol complexes in its contents under exposure to toxic substances is considered to be a the promising direction for research

TO COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF TRIBULUS TERRISTRIS WITH HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ON URINE VOLUME AND ELECTROLYTES

Abstract Study was conducted on rabbits after administration of herbal extract of Tt for two weeks. Experimental ani-mals were divided into three groups: Control (CT), Tribulus terristris (Tt) and Hydrochlorothiazide (H-CT). Urine volume and serum Na+, K+ levels were measured on day 01 and day 15. There was significant increase in urine volume and reduction in serum Na+, K+ levels regarding comparison of Tt vs HCT. Tribu-lus terristris has diuretic effect as compared to control group and less diuretic effect as compared to Hydro-chlorothiazide. Background: Tribulus terristris belongs to Zygo-phayllaceae family. It is suggested to increase the urine output, although the plant was recognized as a diuretic and aphrodisiac but its diuretic activity is not much evaluated and compared. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Post-graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was two weeks. Twenty Four rabbits of mixed breed were purchased locally and kept in the animal house of Postgraduate medical Institute, Lahore for a week for acclimatization before starting the experi-ment. Twelve hours light and dark cycle was main-tained. They were fed on grass, grain, seasonal vegeta-bles and water adlibitum. Animals were weighed for calculation of dosage of herb and HCT. They were divided into three equal groups randomly, group CT; (no medicine was given), group Tt; (tribulus terristris was given), group HCT; (Hydrochlorothiazide was given). Results: Tt VS HCT, the change in 24 hours urine volume was found statistically significant P < 0.05 on day 01 and day 15. Serum Na+ level was also found statistically significant P < 0.05 throughout the study period. But serum potassium level was statistically significant < 0.05 on day 01 and insignificant on day 15. Conclusion: The results of our study reveal that Tt contains diuretic properties but its magnitude of res-ponse is less than HCT. On the basis of our study we suggest its further evaluation and then recommend it for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hyper-tension like HCT. Key words: Control = CT, Tribulus terristris = Tt, Hydrochlorothiazide = HCT, Versus = VS, Sodium = Na+, Potassium = K+, Distilled water = D/W.

Anticoccidial effects of herbal extracts on Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens: in vitro and in vivo study.

Safe alternative anticoccidial drug to chemical feed additives are herbal extracts, because they don't results to tissue residue and drug resistance. In order to evaluate the effects of herbal extracts to control avian coccidiosis, 180 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into nine equal groups, as follows: (1) Biarum bovei (2) Nectaroscordum tripedale( 3) Dorema aucheri (4) Cichorium intybus (5) Prangos ferulaceae (6) diclazuril (7) Artemisia absinthium (8) infected control (9) uninfected control (each contains two groups). Administration of herbal extracts and supplementation of diclazuril was began 2days before challenge and lasted for the duration of the experiment. The chicks of all the groups except uninfected control group were inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts (3×10(3) oocysts of Eimeria tenella) on the day 22 of age. The criteria employed were: body weight, feed conversion ratio, blood in feces, survival rate, lesion scoring, number of oocyst output per gram feces and histopathological changes. For histopathological evaluation, on day 12 post inoculation three birds from each group were randomly selected and humanly sacrificed. N. tripedale and diclazuril revealed better results in terms of growth performance, lesion score, extent of bloody diarrhea and oocyst count as compared to other herbal extracts. The increase in the severity of lesions was observed in groups of D. aucheri, A. absinthium, B. bovei, P. ferulaceae, C. intybus, diclazuril and N. tripedale, respectively. In conclusion, the current study showed that herbal extracts were effective in control of coccidiosis caused by the E. tenella infection.

Understanding of strengthen supervision and administration of herbal extracts

The article briefly introduces the development history and status of the supervision and administration of herbal extracts, and summarizes the problems existing in the process of supervision and management. Meanwhile provides the countermeasures and suggestions of strengthening the supervision and administration of herbal extracts.

Determination and estimation of pharmacokinetic profile of caffeine in form of extract of green tea leaves and its analogy with synthetic form

The aim of the study was to formulate and investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters for the tablets of herbal extract of caffeine with comparison to synthetic formulation. The tablets of the aqueous herbal extract of leaves of Camellia sinensis and synthetic caffeine were formulated by wet granulation technique. The HPLC and HPTLC were applied as analytical tools for estimation of caffeine. The batches of formulation (B1 to B7) were subjected for various pre and post-formulation studies. The pharmacokinetic of the batch B5 was assessed in rabbits, and the results were compared to synthetic batch B7. With the suitable pre and post-formulation results, the B5 showed in vitro release of 90.54% of caffeine at the end of 60 min. The release followed first order kinetics and the plot of Higuchi and Peppas confirms anomalous diffusion as the basic mechanism behind the release. B5 revealed non-significant mean Cmax, t1/2, and AUC of 1.88 μg/ml, 5.52 h and 9.67 μg.h/ml respectively compared to B7. The study highlights; no significant difference in the pharmacological effect of caffeine when administered in the form of extract. The administration of herbal extract can further provide the other health benefits lacked by synthetic caffeine.

Antioxidant Activity of Indian Herbal Drugs in Rats with Aloxan-induced Diabetes

Methanol extracts (75%) of Aegle marmelos, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Eclipta prostrata, Salacia oblonga, Coriandrum sativum, Vernonia anthelmintica and Murraya koenigii, plants used extensively in the Indian system of medicine, were found to be potent inhibitors of lipid peroxide formation and scavengers of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro. Oral administration of the extracts (100 mg/kg body weight) were found to reduce the serum glucose level in normal and alloxan (120 mg/kg) diabetic rats significantly for 4h and continued administration of the drug sustained this effect. Reduction of serum glucose by activities of herbal drugs such as Aegle marmelos (56.8%), Momordica charantia (55.4%) and Trigonella foenum-graecum (52.5%) were almost as high as the activity of insulin (60.4%). The extract of Aegle marmelos showed highest activity as an antidiabetic and antioxidant, compared to other extracts. The results indicated that oxidant induced alterations in the glucose utilizing system during diabetic manifestation is partially reversed by the administration of herbal extracts having antioxidant activity.