Energy Structure Adjustment Research Articles

The Development of Circular Economy of Thermal Power in Western Jilin

Atmospheric pollution is increasingly serious in China, and coal-fired power plant is an important reason for it; therefore, it is very crucial to adjust energy structure and industry structure for the regional eco-civilization and sustainable development. Taking Baicheng city in western Jilin as an example, by the method of quantitative and qualitative analysis, firstly, this paper analyzes the significance and conditions of the development of circular economy of thermal power. Furthermore, the thermal power cycle economic model which is built for promoting and upgrading the regional industrial structure, and strengthening healthy development of social economy and environment. It is suggested to build a virtual eco-industry park, taking Baicheng power generation co. as the core, including internal clean production of the coal-fired power plant, and linking the coal-fired power plants with agriculture, industrial, tourism and recycling industry. Keywords: Coal-fired power plant, Circular economy, Build, Western Jilin

Incorporating the carbon footprint to measure industry context and energy consumption effect on environmental performance of business operations

Three scopes of carbon footprint have become the most suitable methods to measure green house gas (GHG) emissions from business operating activities. Carbon footprint information can enable firms to effectively improve their environmental performance. This paper attempts to develop an approach that incorporates the three scopes of carbon footprint into a data envelopment analysis model to evaluate environmental performance. A research sample is used from top Fortune 500 companies participating in the carbon disclosure project. The results provide empirical evidence that adjustment of the current fossil fuel-based energy structure significantly affects electricity indirect GHG emissions. The results also show that there are significant differences in environmental performance between industries. Governments should focus on designing improved policies and regulations for each separate industry, especially the materials industry.

Study on Industrial Carbon Emission of Qinhuangdao City

The amounts of carbon emissions from energy consumption of industry in Qinhuangdao from year 2005 to 2010 are calculated with the methodology recommended by intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) .The main driving factors of carbon emission and carbon emission intensity include low industrial benefits, large proportion of heavy industry and energy structure dominated by coal. Some suggestions are raised such as, transform and promote the traditional leading industry, enhance the equipment manufacturing industry, speed up the industrial park construction, perfect industrial chain, and adjust energy structure.

Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of renewable energies and required subsidies in China

The development and utilization of renewable energy (RE), a strategic choice for energy structural adjustment, is an important measure of carbon emissions reduction in China. High cost is a main restriction element for large-scale development of RE, and accurate cost estimation of renewable power generation is urgently necessary. This is the first systemic study on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of RE in China. Results indicate that feed-in-tariff (FIT) of RE should be improved and dynamically adjusted based on the LCOE to provide a better support of the development of RE. The current FIT in China can only cover the LCOE of wind (onshore) and solar photovoltaic energy (PV) at a discount rate of 5%. Subsidies to renewables-based electricity generation, except biomass energy, still need to be increased at higher discount rates. Main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) Government policy should focus on solving the financing problem of RE projects because fixed capital investment exerts considerable influence over the LCOE; and (2) the problem of high cost could be solved by providing subsidies in the short term and more importantly, by reforming electricity price in the mid-and long-term to make the RE competitive.

Strategies for addressing climate change on the industrial level: affecting factors to CO2 emissions of energy-intensive industries in China

This paper explores China’s strategies for addressing climate change on the industrial level. Focusing on six energy-intensive industries, this paper applies gray relational analysis theory to the affecting factors to CO2 emissions of each industry after calculating each industry’s CO2 emissions during 2001–2010. Further research based on GM(1, 1) model is conducted to forecast the trend of the factors, the energy consumption and each industry’s CO2 emissions during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. As a breakthrough in previous conclusions, energy consumption structure was divided into the respective proportion of coal, oil, natural gas and electricity in the primary energy consumption, with which industrial output and energy intensity are combined to analyze each of their impacts on the energy-intensive industries. It turns out that all the factors’ impacts on emissions of the six major energy-intensive industries are significant, despite their differentiated extents. It is worth noting that, contrary to previous findings, industrial output is not the leading affecting factor to CO2 emissions of the energy-intensive industries compared with the proportion of coal and electricity in the primary energy consumption. The GM(1, 1) forecast results of energy consumption and CO2 emissions by the end of 2015 show that coal and electricity will remain a large proportion in primary energy consumption. This research may shed some light on China’s adjustment of energy structure under the pressure of addressing climate change and hence provide decision support for the acceleration of renewable energy utilization in the industrial departments.

Way for sustainable development of energy in China

The report of Chinese Communist Party’s 18th National Congress clearly stated that the construction of ecological civilization needs to join hands with the overall layout of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the greatest obstacle to achieving ecological civilization is the energy structure in China. Currently, the third industrial revolution – marked by green technology and cloud computing technology – is happening, and it will have a huge impact on future energy development. The fundamental way to solve the problem of energy resource constraints is developing the renewable energy, and the fundamental approach for renewable energy is developing distributed energy and services. The important factors to achieving China's energy production and consumption revolution are accelerating the construction of distributed energy system and overall energy structure adjustment in China.

Regional Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions - A Case Study of Anhui Province

This essay tends to probe into the decoupling relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions through structuring the decoupling analysis model. The results show that: In recent years, the decoupling relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions in Anhui province has improved. Through the research about some intermediate variables, we find that the change trend of energy consumption elastic elasticity of carbon emissions and the one of GDP elastic elasticity of carbon emissions are basically the same. Meanwhile, Anhui province is relatively backward in the energy-saving and emission reduction process, carbon emissions growth and energy consumption growth did not achieve effective decoupling, which reflects that this province still has some defects in the adjustment of energy structure, energy saving and emission reduction technology promotion policy etc.

Simulation Analysis of China’s Energy and Industrial Structure Adjustment Potential to Achieve a Low-carbon Economy by 2020

To achieve a low-carbon economy, China has committed to reducing its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 40%–45% by 2020 from 2005 levels and increasing the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to approximately 15%. It is necessary to investigate whether this plan is suitable and how this target may be reached. This paper verifies the feasibility of achieving the CO2 emission targets by energy and industrial structure adjustments, and proposes applicable measures for further sustainable development by 2020 through comprehensive simulation. The simulation model comprises three sub-models: an energy flow balance model, a CO2 emission model, and a socio-economic model. The model is constructed based on input-output table and three balances (material, value, and energy flow balance), and it is written in LINGO, a linear dynamic programming language. The simulation results suggest that China’s carbon intensity reduction promise can be realized and even surpassed to 50% and that economic development (annual 10% GDP growth rate) can be achieved if energy and industrial structure are adjusted properly by 2020. However, the total amount of CO2 emission will reach a relatively high level—13.68 billion tons—which calls for further sound approaches to realize a low carbon economy, such as energy utilization efficiency improvement, technology innovation, and non-fossil energy’s utilization.

Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption in Municipalities of China

Cities are major consumers of global energy. This paper conducts a comparative analysis on economic and social situation, the scale, intensity, and structure of energy consumption in four municipalities, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and Chongqing, definitudes the comparative advantages and unfavorable factors of each municipality in terms of energy conservation and energy structural adjustment optimization, and then suggests several countermeasures for each municipality to promote their sustainable utilization of energy, which may provide reference for other cities.

Industrial CO2 emissions in China based on the hypothetical extraction method: Linkage analysis

Fossil fuel-related CO2 emissions are regarded as the primary sources of global climate change. Unlike direct CO2 emissions for each sector, CO2 emissions associated with complex linkages among sectors are usually ignored. We integrated the input–output analysis with the hypothetical extraction method to uncover the in-depth characteristics of the inter-sectoral linkages of CO2 emissions. Based on China's 2007 data, this paper compared the output and demand emissions of CO2 among eight blocks. The difference between the demand and output emissions of a block indicates that CO2 is transferred from one block to another. Among the sectors analyzed in this study, the Energy industry block has the greatest CO2 emissions with the Technology industry, Construction and Service blocks as its emission's primary destinations. Low-carbon industries that have lower direct CO2 emissions are deeply anchored to high-carbon ones. If no effective measures are taken to limit final demand emissions or adjust energy structure, shifting to an economy that is low-carbon industries oriented would entail a decrease in CO2 emission intensity per unit GDP but an increase in overall CO2 emissions in absolute terms. The results are discussed in the context of climate-change policy.

Strategic route map of sulphur dioxide reduction in China

China's economy has risen to the second place since 2010, accompanied by the largest energy consumption in the world. As one of the major air pollutants from the fossil fuel, excessive SO 2 emissions have severe negative impacts on eco-environments. In order to achieve the balance between economic growth and environmental protection, many efforts have been made on the reduction of SO 2 . The route map for the reduction of SO 2 in China includes policy setting, economic and energy structure adjustment, and the construction of desulphurization facilities. These initiatives and efforts together had resulted in the significant reduction of SO 2 emissions along with fast economic development. This study provides a useful reference for other developing countries in coping SO 2 control. The findings also provide implications for reducing the other two air pollutants with binding control targets in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period in China, i.e. NO x and CO 2 . • A critical review on the policies of sulphur dioxide control in China. • The successful route map for the reduction of sulphur dioxide. • A useful reference for other countries in coping air pollutants emissions.

Life cycle assessment-based urban energy structure optimization: Model estab-lishment and scenario analysis

Energy structure optimization is vital for urban sustainable development. In this study, a multi-objective model is developed to allocate various energy resources in various urban sectors under various scenarios, aiming to minimize the total system cost, environmental impact, and energy consumption. The environmental impact incurred during the energy lifecycle, including energy production, transportation, and consumption, is evaluated using the lifecycle assessment method. The economic loss of environmental pollution during the energy lifecycle is also incorporated in the economic objective. The model is applied to Beijing, in which four energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas, and electricity) are distributed among six sectors (agriculture, industry, construction, transportation, commerce, and household). Three scenarios are formulated from the base case scenario: i.e., the energy structure adjustment scenario, the energy structure adjustment with low carbon emission scenario, and the energy structure adjustment with low carbon emission and industrial structure adjustment scenario. The results indicate a decline in the proportion of coal to total energy consumption and an increase in the corresponding proportion for the other resources. It is concluded that further increasing the utilization of natural gas and electricity while reducing coal consumption, controlling energy consumption in industry, and strengthening carbon emission restrictions will help achieve more effective and eco-friendly energy use patterns based on a comparison of the environmental impact and economic loss of pollution under all scenarios. The optimization model could provide support for the planning and management of urban energy systems.

Strategy for Carbon Dioxide Reduction – A Case Study of China

In order to increase the ability of tackling with climate change, China has put many efforts on restructuring industrial sectors, improving energy efficiency and developing new and renewable energy resources. This study provides a critical assessment of various factors on reducing CO2 emissions with the method of scenario analysis. The results show industrial restructuring has marginal effect on CO2 emissions compared with improving energy efficiency and adjusting energy structure. To achieve the projected target on CO2 emissions reduction, a combination of optimized industrial structure and energy structure as well as improved energy efficiency is the proper scenario for China. The findings provide a useful reference for policy-makers to develop energy policies.

Risk Based Design, Manufacture and Maintenance of Extreme Pressure Equipment

In recent years, with the rapid change of global economic situation, quality deterioration of resources and adjustment of energy structure, the pressure-bearing equipments are developing gradually to the extreme direction of high temperature, cryogenic temperature, complex medium corrosion, ultrabig volume, ultrabig wall thickness, etc. It becomes an important subject confronted by Chinese scientific and technical workers of processing equipment to research breaking through the key design, manufacture and maintenance technology of important pressure equipments under extreme conditions and realize localization of important equipment and ensure long-cycle safe operation. The current main development trends of pressure equipment in process industry is described, the deficiency existing in the past standards and codes and technical methods for design, manufacture and operation management of Chinese pressure equipments are analyzed, and the main achievements obtained in the aspects of design, manufacture and maintenance of important pressure equipment under extreme conditions such as high temperature, cryogenic temperature, complex corrosion, ultrabig volume, ultrabig wall thickness, etc. and several technical difficulties solved are introduced, and the main research works requiring further development are prospected.

Research on the Contribution of Structure Adjustment on SO2 Emissions Reduction---Case Study Shijingshan District, Beijing

Having observed the relationship between structure adjustment with the change of SO2 emissions intensity, the author wants to ascertain the effectiveness of industry and energy structure adjustment on the reduction of SO2 emissions at Shijingshan district in Beijing, where the project of relocation of Shougang group and the “coal to gas” have been taken place at “11th five-year plan” period. Through the use of the long-mean Divasia Index Decomposition method (LMDI), the SO2 emissions intensity was decomposed into the contribution from four components: industry structure effect, industrial energy intensity effect, energy structure effect and emission coefficient effect. It was found that the contribution of industry and energy structure effect into the decrease of SO2 emissions intensity were 21.84% and 38.44%, respectively. The result showed that the relocation of Shougang group and the “coal to gas” engineering had a great influence on reducing SO2 emissions, the contribution of structure adjustment is significant. Furthermore, in basis of the reasonable forecast about energy consumption structure and SO2 emissions at “12th five-year plan” period at Shijingshan district, the predictive result shows that the contribution of industry and energy structure effect into the decrease of SO2 emissions intensity will be 6.52% and 58.24%, respectively. This indicates that the structure adjustment will be still the major contributor on SO2 emissions reduction in the future.

Study on Energy Consumption Prediction and Energy Management in Jilin Province Based on STIRPAT Model

Energy consumption control and energy management are the important guarantee for the sustainable development of economy and society in China. Take Jilin province as an example, we study the methods and practice of energy consumption peak prediction, discuss the control countermeasures of energy consumption peak and study the countermeasures of energy efficiency and energy management. The study shows that, technology advances, industry restructuring and energy structure adjustments are the important means of energy management.

Research on the Contribution of Structure Adjustment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction based on LMDI Method

With the big challenge from global climate change and energy crisis, and having observed the relationship between structure adjustment with the change of carbon dioxide emissions intensity, the author wants to ascertain the effect of industry and energy structure adjustment on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions at Shijingshan district in Beijing, where the project of removing Shougang group and the “coal to gas” have been taken place at “11th five-year plan” period. Based on the use of the long-mean Divasia Index Decomposition method (LMDI), the carbon dioxide emissions intensity is decomposed into the contribution from four components: industry structure effect, industrial energy intensity effect, energy structure effect and emission coefficient effect. It is found that the contribution of industry and energy structure effect into the decrease of carbon dioxide emissions intensity is 53.98% and 26.84%, respectively. The result shows that the relocation of Shougang group and the “coal to gas” engineering have a great influence on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, the contribution of structure adjustment is significant. The structure adjustment is still the major contributor on carbon dioxide emissions reduction in the future.

从中碳强度指数看上海碳减排的足迹<br>Shanghai Carbon Emission Reduction Footprint, by SINO Carbon Intensity Index

中碳强度指数是为全国节能减排行业提供一个以单位GDP二氧化碳排放量为载体的指数系统，可有效反应时间序列上地区碳排放强度的变化。本文从产业结构、能源强度、能源结构、政策及经济环境等几个方面，探讨了2005至2011年上海市碳排放强度的影响因素，并在此基础上提出了促进上海碳减排活动的建议。分析结果表明，上海市的节能目标和低碳政策，对能源结构调整、产业结构优化和能源强度下降都起到了推动作用，进而促成了近几年来上海市碳排放强度和上海市碳强度指数(Xsh,y)的持续下降。而经济危机、“4万亿元刺激经济方案”、以及2010年上海世博会等重大经济事件和活动，也作为独立的外部因素对Xsh,y起到了重要影响。 SINO Carbon Intensity Index is an index system which is expressed as the carbon dioxide emis- sion per GDP and is designed to promote emission reduction. The index can effectively reflect the changes on carbon emission intensity in different administrative regions in time series. This paper discusses the influenc- ing factors of carbon emission intensity of Shanghai from 2005 to 2011, based on industrial structure, energy intensity, energy structure and policy & economic environment. It outlines activities accordingly to advance emission reductions in Shanghai. The result shows that the energy-saving target and low-carbon policy of Shanghai promoted the adjustment of energy structure, the optimization of industrial structure and the de- creasing of energy intensity; and then pushed forward the declining of carbon emission intensity of Shanghai and Xsh,y in recent years. While the economic crisis, “4 Trillion Yuan Economic Stimulus Plan”, Expo 2010 ShanghaiChinaand other major economic events and activities were the independent external factors which influenced the Xsh,y obviously.

How to Do Well Graduate Employment of Colleges and Universities under the Low Carbon Economy Environment

Low carbon economy makes effect on employment. It shows that low carbon is not only a kind of life philosophy. With the development of new energy technology, it has risen to national economic strategy, and may become a new economic growth point. At the same time, the adjustment of energy structure, not only benefits to the sustainable development road of economic development to" green" , and also brings in new hope for improving the current employment situation. The employment situation of college graduates is an important index of social inspection and evaluation of the quality of running a school; it is one of the core competitiveness of schools. Graduate employment status relates to the school reputation directly. This paper studies that how colleges and universities do the employment work of graduates.

The Development and Utilization of Energy Resources and the Issue of Low-Carbon

The development and utilization of fossil energy including coal, oil, natural gas etc is closely related to global environmental change. The key to the solvency of the global environmental pollution and climate change is developing low-carbon and renewable energy. In this paper, we analyze in depth the relationship between the development and utilization of energy resources and the issue of low-carbon. This article first summarizes the history of the development of the energy revolution, described the impact of energy development on world civilization and human development; then, the article provides a detailed analysis of the progress in energy development and utilization, and the environmental problems caused by the process of development and utilization, such as air and water pollution; finally, some important measures for the development and utilization of energy resources are listed and the trend in energy development is discussed. This article puts forward 4 suggestions for China's energy development: (a) Improve energy efficiency by insisting on utilizing high-carbon energy with the model of low-carbon utilization; (b) Promote the use of low-carbon energy, and exert great efforts to develop unconventional oil and gas; (c) Strengthen international cooperation to develop overseas oil and gas market. (d)Make great efforts to develop new types of low-carbon energy and renewable energy. The development of low-carbon energy in China has great significance. The adjustment of energy structure and the development of low-carbon economy are the fundamental strategy of sustainable development of China’ s energy economy.