Adjacent Parishes Research Articles

Shared Burial Grounds

Despite the widespread use of cremation, there is once again a shortage of burial space in some parts of the country. Chancellors dealing with petitions for faculties reserving grave spaces are finding that more and more parochial church councils are opposing reservation as they see that the available space is running out. In rural areas it may be possible to persuade a farmer or landowner to part with some land to form a new burial ground, perhaps serving a number of adjacent parishes. Section 35 of the Church Property Measure 2018 sets out the law relating to shared burial grounds, developed in a series of nineteenth-century Acts which a modern reader would find both prolix and overcomplicated. This article explores the history and practical workings of the law, illustrating these by reference to a prime example of a shared burial ground, the Mill Road Cemetery (more formally the Parochial Burial Grounds) in Cambridge.1 The law as to rights in graves and the memorials placed on them causes much misunderstanding. Our account will show that the same may be true with regard to the burial ground as a whole.

Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Lethal Bronzing Associated with Phytoplasma Subgroup 16SrIV-D on Palms in Southern Louisiana

Lethal bronzing (LB), also previously known as date palm lethal decline or Texas Phoenix palm decline, associated with phytoplasma subgroup 16SrIV-D, was first identified in Louisiana in December 2013. A survey of palms showed that the disease was not only confined to City Park in New Orleans, where it was first detected, but is present in other parts of Orleans Parish, as well as two adjacent parishes. Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) tested positive at the highest frequency, and some edible date palms (P. dactylifera) and a small proportion of cabbage palms (Sabal palmetto) tested positive as well. Symptoms do not appear to be a reliable indicator of LB, because a substantial proportion of palms indicated as symptomatic tested negative. Furthermore, not all infected palms showed symptoms. Since the palm survey conducted in 2015 to 2016, LB has positively been identified from silver date palm (P. sylvestris) and Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) in three additional parishes in Louisiana.

Multi-criteria evaluation of the resources and tourist attractions of the area adjacent to the Zapotepamba Binational Technical Training Center

This research it seeks the sustainable development of the Zapotepamba Binational Technical Training Center (CBFTZ), through comprehensive landscape management. The methodology applied to collect information was through a quantitative and qualitative approach. With this, a situational diagnosis of the adjacent parishes was made; likewise, an inventory of resources and tourist statistics; finally, the multi-criteria evaluation. Once the assessment was carried out, it was identified that in terms of natural and cultural interest, the resources with the greatest tourist potential are found in the Catacocha Parish.

The role of parish churches and adjacent parish facilities in a city’s spatial structure

Czasopismo Techniczne » 2019 » Volume 6 » The role of parish churches and adjacent parish facilities in a city’s spatial structure A A A

Parishes and Patriarchy: Gender and Boundaries in Late Medieval Venice

Venice’s physical borders, a result of insular geography, provide an opportunity to measure and explain the gendering of spaces and people’s movements through them. Analysis of notarial documents produced in two adjacent parishes during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries make it possible to examine the patterns of movement of Venetian men and women. The results indicate a clear difference in distances traveled by both, as well as a distinct change in these patterns from the fourteenth to the fifteenth century. Transformations in Venetian demographics, economics, and politics in this period altered the physical and customary boundaries and routes of travel within the city, affecting the gender-defined boundaries. While both men and women moved more often and farther in the fifteenth century, the culturally defined spaces for women were most altered. The customary and practical gendering of spaces resulted in women moving less than men, but not necessarily lessening women’s agency.

Variation in the Survival Rate of Timber-Framed Buildings in Two Sussex Parishes

During the recording of the timber-framed houses in the adjacent parishes of Slinfold and Rudgwick, it became evident that there was a significant difference in the survival rate of houses in the two parishes. There are eighty-nine surviving timber-framed houses of all ages in Rudgwick, but only forty-five in Slinfold. Allowing for the smaller acreage of Slinfold parish, this gives 14.8 houses per 1000 acres in Rudgwick, compared with 10.6 for Slinfold. This article seeks to explain why this may be so, and also places the survival rates for these two parishes within the wider context of those for other West Sussex parishes.

Landlord Policies and Population Change in North-East Scotland and the Western Isles, 1755-1841

In recent years considerable emphasis has been placed upon the role of fertility in determining levels of population which, since reproduction was normally confined to those who were married, was controlled mainly by nuptuality. Over most of the world women normally married shortly after they has become sexually mature and few remained unwed. However, in Europe west of a line from St Petersburg to Trieste there was a different pattern of marriage. Here women usually married for the first time between 23 and 27 years (which meant that a woman marrying at, say, 26 years had already lost 40 per cent of her potential fertility) and 10-25 per cent never married at all. The main reason for this pattern is that couples in Western Europe were expected to marry and therefore have children only when, or if, they had acquired the means to establish their own household.2 Scotland was apparently no exception to this demographic system. Following civil registration in 1855, the mean age of first marriage for females in 1861 was 25.4 years and 20.1 per cent of women aged 45 - 54 were unmarried. It is likely that these levels, particularly of celibacy, were not very different for much of the eighteenth century, but this apparent uniformity over time conceals considerable regional variations. In the heavily industrialised and urbanised Western Lowlands (Ayr, Dumbarton, Lanark and Renfrew) the mean age of female marriage in 1861, 25.0 years, was not much below the national level but only 14.6 per cent of women were single at 45 - 54. 3 More surprisingly, there were also differences in nuptuality between predominantly agricultural regions. Although these were to some extent a consequence of cultural and social differences, a key factor in a country where nearly all farms were rented was the role of the landowners or heritors who were able to exert a powerful control over patterns of land occupation and use on their estates. Indeed it has been suggested that they saw the latter as a chess board on which families could be re-located at will in order to increase rentals.4 The form of improvement selected inevitably had repercussions on nuptuality, fertility and levels of population. Thus while the North-east (Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardineshire) grew by only 4 per cent between 1755 and 1801 as against 27 per cent for Scotland, the population of the Western Isles increased by 57 per cent. In the following 40 years there was little difference between the two - 49 per cent in the case of the North-east and 45 in that of the Western Isles - but growth in the former was confined mainly to the city of Aberdeen and the coastal parishes, particularly the fishing communities, while some of the islands continued to experience growth well above the 63 per cent for Scotland.5 How these different levels of growth were achieved can be seen by examining the experiences of the adjacent parishes of Grange and Rothiemay in Banffshire on the one hand and the island of Tiree on the other.

Omkring Grundtvig-Selskabets tilblivelse

Omkring Grundtvig-Selskabets tilblivelse

Iron Thresholds as a Protection

THE belief in iron as a protection against the approach or intrusion of witches, fairies or other evil influences is widespread.' I was therefore interested when I noted the large iron threshold slab set in front of the main door of the 15th century Priest House at West Hoathly, Sussex (TQ 36253250). This consists of a very rough and pitted piece of cast iron, forming an irregular rectangle measuring approximately Im x 35cm, which would probably have come from one of the nearby 16th century blast furnaces. A second example was found in the adjacent parish of Danehill, where another iron threshold has recently been taken up from a small cottage in process of renovation. This property (TQ 40852790), known as Pepper Alley, with documentary evidence going back to 1662, was probably enclosed from common land. The iron slab measures 50cm x 30cm x 4cm, and is known to have been in position for the last 90 years. A further example also occurs at Danehill at a house dating from 16th century, known as Sedges (TQ 41062885). Here the threshold outside the main door is composed of five pieces of tabular ironstone (iron ore) ranging in size from lm x 40cm downwards, mixed with similar pieces of local sandstone. While the main purpose of this note is to put the above on record, I hope it may prompt others to look for further examples of what seems to be an attempt to protect a house from evil. I should perhaps add that, whilst cast iron was no doubt freely available in the area in the 16th century, there was also a stone quarry in each of the parishes concerned and stone would probably have been a much cheaper material.

Some South Pembrokeshire Cottages

In 1937 the writer described in ANTIQUITY a series of cottages—the dwellings of crofters—in Llanychaer and adjacent parishes of northern Pembrokeshire. These were two-roomed stone structures with a central doorway on one side: the door opened into the living room where the most striking sight was the great open fireplace at the gable end, the chimney structure of which projected into the room. A number of such dwellings has recently been examined in a coastal district of the same county to the south of Milford Haven, in Castle-martin parish. These show variations in the character and plan of the open fireplace, which are of interest, and probably also of cultural significance; they also provide fresh evidence of the hearth-dairy association manifested at Llanychaer.

Peasant Crofts in North Pembrokeshire

The Admiralty, having purchased in 1937 an extensive area of land in Llanychaer and adjacent parishes five miles SSE of Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, kindly permitted the National Museum of Wales to examine and make records of any sites or buildings of interest therein.I visited the local headquarters at Trecŵn in June 1937 for this purpose. The site consists of a narrow valley—at one point a gorge with rocky scarps—and its flanking uplands. The western half is occupied by Trecŵn House, its parkland and village, an estate developed in the English manner and providing little of antiquarian interest. The remainder was largely under different ownership, and, apart from Llanychaer church and farm, both of which are modernized, more primitive conditions survive in it. This portion of the area, which includes the picturesque rock-wall of Graig Lwyd, is shown in FIG. I. Each rectangle on the map represents a dwelling; and it will be seen that settlement is now confined to the floor and eastern side of the valley. It is of the diffuse type, which contrasts so strongly with the nucleated villages characteristic of England and met with in south Pembrokeshire and other anglicized parts of Wales. If the parish boundaries be examined (shown by a line of dots on the map) it will be seen that most of the houses are in Llanychaer parish, the ancient centre of which, the church, has only one farmstead near it. The shaded (red) portion of the map represents part of the common land (rough mountain pasture) of this and the adjacent parish. The dwellings within the area controlled by the Admiralty are overprinted in red.

First and Latest Impressions

ACCORDING to the best‐informed, there is coming a time when we will all quite literally outsoar the shadow of our night, to descend, each of us, as a spent rocket—Out, out, brief candle!—in an adjacent parish. Yet the human spirit is tough enough to plan its own perfections, even in face of the swifter preparations for the air‐raid. While aviators pay Daedalus a fitting veneration, hopeful humanity need not forget the fate of Icarus.

Obituary notice of John George Goodchild, born 26th May 1844, died 21st Feb. 1906

The maxim that those who work at many subjects find the greatest pleasure in life, while those who confine themselves to one secure most worldly success, is by no means always true. But the partial truth of that principle is illustrated by the career of that keen-sighted naturalist, John George Goodchild. He was born on Whitsunday, 26th of May, 1844, in the Bast of London, either in the parish of Stepney or Poplar, where his father was in business as an engineer. The family had been settled for four previous generations at Woolwich, where his great-grandfather, Joseph Mead, held an appointment in the dockyard. Another ancestor was Matthew Mead, one of the most distinguished early ministers of the Independent denomination. Matthew Mead was expelled in 1649 for conscience' sake from his fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge, and a few years later was appointed by Cromwell minister of an Independent chapel in Shadwell. Subsequently Mead was called to the adjacent parish of Stepney, as minister to the congregation founded by Greenhill in 1644. There one of the most historic of Dissenting places of worship, Stepney Meeting House, was built for Mead in 1674. The four pine pillars that supported its roof were presented by the States of Holland, though they were reported by tradition to have been the masts of the ship that brought William of Orange to England in 1688. Mead's ministry was interrupted by, amongst other incidents, the false accusation that he had been concerned in the Rye House

Charles Clouston

THE Rev. Chas. Clouston, LL.D., of Sandwick Manse, near Stromness, who died on the 10th ult. at the very advanced age of eighty-four years, was a man who deserves more than a passing notice in our columns. To name one only of his many claims to scientific recognition, he commenced meteorological observations in Stromness in the year 1822, and continued them, either there or in the adjacent parish of Sandwick, to within a fortnight of his death in 1884.

Description of some Fossil Fruits from the Chalk Formation of the South-east of England.

The small number of plants hitherto discovered in the Chalk formation of England renders any addition to the Cretaceous flora important; I am therefore induced to lay before the Society descriptions and figures of three fruits from the Chalk and Lower greensand of Kent and Sussex, that an authentic record may be preserved of these unique and interesting relics. 1. Zamia Sussexiensis, Mantell. Plate II. fig. 1. from the lower greensand at Selmeston, Sussex. More than twenty years since I discovered a deposit of calcareous wood in the strata of greensand near Willingdon, a village about three miles to the north-west of Easrbourn, in the country of Sussex : a similar accumulation of fossil wood occurs in a sand-bank in the adjacent parish of Selmeston, at the junction of the lower green-sand with the gault, and is described in my ‘Fossils of the South Downs’ (p.76). The specimens collected from these localities consist of waterworn fragments of stems and braches, which are generally more or less perforated by boring mollusca. The structure of the wood is decidely coniferous : transverse sections present concentric circles and medullary rays, and a reticulated surface composed of distinct cellules, varying in form from the circular to the elliptical. In a longitudinal division the tubes or woody fibres are seen to be uniform, and to have their walls studded with nearly circular dises or areolé disposed in double rows, the discs being irregularly alternate, as in the recent Araucaria . In a few examples spiral vessels