Adhesive Residue Research Articles

Thermoreversible Apparel Adhesives to Enable Sustainable Garment Assembly

AbstractOver 90 million tons of fabric waste are generated annually by the apparel industry and there exists an urgent need to develop innovative approaches for the recycling of garments. Reversible adhesives can both enable the automation of labor‐intensive assembly processes and facilitate fabric recycling for a circular apparel economy. Herein, an adhesive formulation based on thermoreversible Diels–Alder chemistry has been developed via the combination of a furan‐functionalized methacrylate copolymer (F) with a bismaleimide (M). To establish the fine balance between adhesion strength and reversible bonding, an extensive screening on the optimal composition and molar mass of F is conducted. Methyl, 2‐ethylhexyl, and lauryl methacrylate are used to tune the Tg of F copolymers, whereas H‐bonding monomers such as methacrylic acid and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate are utilized to strengthen the adhesive and improve its interactions with cotton. Following the optimization of F composition, F molecular weight, and M crosslinker, the scaled‐up thermoreversible adhesive is studied by rheometry and successfully dispensed via an automated assembly platform. The adhered fabrics are tested for the required shear and peel strength and then separated for fabric recycling by a short heat treatment followed by a simple solvent wash to remove adhesive residues.

High-yield Micro-LED laser transfer accomplished using an ablation-type release material

Micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) is a highly promising technology in the field of new displays, with the mass transfer process involved in its manufacturing process widely regarded as a major barrier to their further development. This study adopts laser transfer technology as the primary solution, using ablation-type transfer release materials that improve chip utilization rates over blister-type release materials. In addition, measurement of the laser transfer parameters, inspection, and laser repair technology are combined to achieve a transfer yield of about 100% to the carrier substrate and a cumulative transfer displacement of less than 1 µm in the Micro-LED inverted chip array. Furthermore, cleaning agents were used to remove adhesive residue from the receiving substrate after transfer, improving the bonding yield between the chip and the thin film transistor driver circuit board. This study provides a feasible solution for Micro-LED mass transfer, which could boost its further development toward commercial application.

Comparative Evaluation of Orthodontic Bonding Systems for Ceramic Brackets on Zirconia Crowns: A Shear Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Index Study

Background The purpose of this research was to compare the adhesive residual score/adhesive remnant index (ARI) and shear bond endurance between the two orthodontic bonding systems for zirconia surface bonding: Self-etch (Scotchbond Universal) and total-etch (Transbond XT). Materials and Methods Color-coded acrylic blocks embedded with zirconia slabs were prepared, and the orthodontic brackets (ceramic) were bonded using either the total-etch or self-etch system. Group 1, represented by pink-colored blocks ( N = 12), accommodated 12 zirconia surfaces using the total-etch system, while Group 2, represented purple-colored blocks ( N = 12), also housed zirconia surfaces using the self-etch system. The shear bond strength was evaluated using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, and ARI scoring was done upon debonding. The statistical software SPSS was used for the analyses. Results The average bonding strength for the Scotchbond Universal etch system was 6.21 ± 0.76 MPa, while for the total-etch system, it was 5.59 ± 1.37 MPa. The ARI scores revealed that 83% of surfaces bonded with the self-etch system had no adhesive residue (ARI score 0), compared to 66% for the total-etch system. Conclusion The self-etch bonding agent demonstrated superior bond strength (6.2 MPa) compared to the total-etch system (5.6 MPa). Furthermore, it exhibited better ARI scores, indicating minimal adhesive residue. These findings suggest that the self-etch system is preferable for bonding ceramic brackets to zirconia crowns, offering improved bonding efficacy and ease of clean-up.

Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with two self-etching adhesive systems: an in vitro study

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS of the new Optibond eXTRa Universal and Adper Prompt L-Pop self-etch adhesive systems using an in vitro experimental design. Patients and methods The sample included 40 freshly extracted human maxillary first premolars collected from orthodontic patients, adhering to ethical guidelines. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups, one treated with Optibond eXTRa Universal self-etch adhesive and the other with Adper Prompt L-Pop. Stainless-steel brackets were then bonded to the teeth using BracePaste orthodontic adhesive composite resin. After storage and thermocycling, SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed under a digital microscope. Statistical analyses were performed, including the Shapiro–Wilk method, Student’s t-test for SBS, and χ 2 test for ARI scores. Results The mean SBS showed no significant difference between both groups (P = 0.076). However, the distribution of ARI scores exhibited a highly significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion While both adhesives exhibited similar bond strengths, variations in adhesive residue patterns highlight the importance of considering adhesive performance in orthodontic applications such as ease of cleanup and potential impact on enamel health.

Optimizing Ultraviolet Illumination for Detecting Fluorescent Orthodontic Adhesive Residues during Debonding Procedures.

Fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) studies for orthodontic resins are relatively new, using an arbitrary selection of resins, lights, and work parameters. In order to provide FIT guidelines for optimal visualization, the objectives of this study were to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of fluorescent orthodontic resins, determine appropriate light specification, and describe light and work parameter effects on resin fluorescence. This in vitro study assessed five fluorescent orthodontic resins and a non-fluorescent control resin using spectrophotometry, a scaled image analysis of 25 μm thick resins to compare intensities, and a visual assessment. Light sources varied by flashlight lens (narrow [N], average [X], and magnified [Z]) and UV intensity (X and X High). Work parameters included distance (20-300 mm) and angulation (15-70°). Visual scores were assigned to determine discernibility. The average excitation maxima was 384 nm. Fluorescence increased with more direct UV light exposure. The highest intensity was recorded with Light X High at 50 mm and 70°. Visual assessment followed image analysis trends, and fluorescence was clinically discernable for all 25 μm thick samples. Excitation wavelength range of 395-405 nm is appropriate for FIT illumination. All resins were anisotropic and showed greater fluorescence with greater angle, higher UV intensity, and closer proximity.

Salivary levels of eluents during Invisalign™ treatment with attachments: an in vivo investigation

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the elution of substances from polyester-urethane (Invisalign™) aligners and resin composite attachments (Tetric EvoFlow) in vivo.MethodsPatients (n = 11) treated with the aligners and attachments (16 per patient, without other composite restorations) for an average of 20 months, who were planned for attachment removed were enrolled in the study. Patients were instructed to rinse with 50 mL of distilled water upon entry and the rinsing solution was collected (before removal). Then, the attachments were removed with low-speed tungsten carbide burs for adhesive residue removal, a thorough water rinsing was performed immediately after the grinding process to discard grinding particle residues, and subsequently, after a second water-rinsing the solution was collected for analysis (after removal). The rinsing solutions were analyzed for targeted (LC-MS/MS: Bis-GMA, DCDMA, UDMA, BPA) and untargeted (LC-HRMS: screening of leached species and their degradation products) compounds.ResultsTargeted analysis revealed a significant reduction in BPA after attachment removal (4 times lower). Bis-GMA, DCDMA, UDMA were below the detection limit before removal but were all detectable after removal with Bis-GMA and UDMA at quantifiable levels. Untargeted analysis reviled the presence of mono-methacrylate transformation products of Bis-GMA (Bis-GMA-M1) and UDMA (UDMA-M1), UDMA without methacrylate moieties (UDMA-M2), and 4-(dimethylamino) benzoic acid (DMAB), the degradation product of the photo-initiator ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB), all after attachment removal. Several amino acids and endogenous metabolites were also found both before and after removal.ConclusionsElevated levels of BPA were traced instantaneously in patients treated with Invisalign™ and flowable resin composite attachments for the testing period. BPA was reduced after attachment removal, but residual monomers and resin degradation products were found after removal. Alternative resin formulations and attachment materials may be utilized to reduce eluents.

Effect of fence tray matching care on excess adhesive and bracket placement accuracy for orthodontic bonding: an in vitro study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of fence tray matching care (FTMC) in bracket bonding by measuring excess adhesive, as well as linear and angular deviations, and by comparing it with the half-wrapped tray (HWT).Materials and methodsAn intraoral scanner was used to acquire data on the maxillary dental arch of a patient with periodontitis.Furthermore, 20 maxillary dental arch models were 3D printed. Using 3Shape, PlastyCAD software, and 3D printing technology, 10 FTMC (method I) and HWT (method II) were obtained. By preoperative preparation, intraoperative coordination, and postoperative measurement, the brackets were transferred from the trays to the 3D-printed maxillary dental arch models. Additionally, the bracket’s excess adhesive as well as linear and angular deviations were measured, and the differences between the two methods were analyzed.ResultsExcess adhesive was observed in both methods, with FTMC showing less adhesive (P< 0.001), with a statistical difference. Furthermore, HWT’s vertical, tip and torque, which was significantly greater than FTMC (P< 0.05), with no statistical difference among other respects. The study data of incisors, canines, and premolars, showed that the premolars had more adhesive residue and were more likely to have linear and angular deviations.ConclusionsThe FTMC had higher bracket bonding effect in comparison to HWT, and the adhesive residue, linear and angular deviations are smaller. The fence tray offers an intuitive view of the precise bonding of the bracket, and can remove excess adhesive to prevent white spot lesions via care, providing a different bonding method for clinical applications.

Rigid Solvent-Gels in Paper Conservation: A New Approach to Sticky Problems

ABSTRACT Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) present in pressure-sensitive tape or self-adhesive labels applied on paper pose substantial problems for the long-term conservation of the substrate because they degrade upon ageing, leaving embedded stains. This paper presents the development of a method to prepare agar-based solvent-gels with high organic solvent, and low water content. The objective is to provide conservators with a versatile, cheap, and easy solution to make solvent-gels for PSA removal, to be implemented as sole treatment or included in a multi-step treatment protocol. The treatment method proposed in the case-study aims at removing aged, rubber-based adhesive residues from the printed paper cover of a book. It includes the use of silicone-based solvent cyclomethicone D5 as a treatment-aid applied just before the application of the solvent-gel. The efficiency of D5 to prevent the formation of stains and tide-lines during local gel treatment is demonstrated, and potential side-effects are also pointed out.

Size effect of femtosecond laser helical drilling on nickel-based single crystal superalloy

Femtosecond laser has gradually become a reliable tool for processing high-quality film cooling holes (FCHs) of turbine blades in recent years. However, in the case of turbine blades with a variety of aperture drilling requirements, the influence of aperture on drilling quality and its internal causes are ignored. In this paper, the “size effect” of different aperture holes prepared by femtosecond laser helical drilling method was analyzed and compared in terms of geometric features, machining efficiency, hole wall ablation and drilling evolution process, and the formation mechanism of the “size effect” were revealed from the aspects of removal efficiency, laser spot overlap rate, energy shielding effect and residues discharge capacity. The results show that with the increase of laser scanning diameter D, the taper of the hole increases, the drilling efficiency increases first and then decreases, and the surface of hole wall is transformed from microvoids, microcracks and adhesive oxide residues into a regular nanostripes. The increase of D makes the radial spot overlap rate Pr decrease significantly, and Pr seriously affects the removal efficiency and thermal effect on the hole wall, which should be adjusted according to different apertures. Thermal accumulation and laser energy utilization rate attenuation caused by the energy shielding effect are the most important factors that deteriorate the processing quality and reduce the processing efficiency during femtosecond helical drilling. Therefore, for smaller aperture drilling, the strategy of process adjustment is to increase residues discharge capacity.

Orthodontic bracket bonding techniques and adhesion failures

The introduction of glass ionomer cements in orthodontics aimed to address the drawbacks of the acid-etch technique using composite resins, including demineralization, enamel damage, and potential allergic reactions. These cements release fluoride over time, potentially protecting against demineralization. Glass ionomer cements, despite their benefits in reducing adhesive residue and protecting against demineralization, showed higher bond failure rates compared to composite resins. This is attributed to their sensitivity to application techniques and moisture, along with a delayed setting time. In contrast, light-cured composite resins, preferred over chemically-cured resins in recent years, offer advantages such as ease of use, consistent handling, and controlled setting. However, early trials indicated higher bond failure rates for light-cured resins, a finding not consistently replicated in later studies. While glass ionomer cements offer certain advantages, their higher bond failure rate poses a significant limitation. Light-cured composite resins, with their user-friendly characteristics, have become the preferred choice in orthodontic bonding despite initial concerns about higher bond failure rates.

Bond strength of metal brackets to enamel with a Russian adhesive complex: an in vitro study

The era of using adhesives to fix brackets began in the 70s of the last century. There are eight generations of foreign-made adhesive systems for the restoration of teeth. However, until now, in orthodontics, the development of domestic adhesive systems with improved properties of adhesion of brackets to tooth enamel still important, especially in the posterior teeth. The purpose of this work was to study the shear strength of fifth generation domestic adhesive between metal brackets and the enamel of molar teeth in laboratory conditions. The study included 17 specimens of extracted maxillary molars embedded in acrylic resin blocks. Brackets from G&H Orthodontics (G&H Wire Company, USA) were fixed to the tooth enamel using the domestic Compofix (ortho) set. The enamel was treated with etching gel (37% phosphoric acid) for 30 seconds. Then the gel was washed off with water and the surface of the enamel was thoroughly dried. A primer was applied to the prepared surface with an applicator, inflated with a weak air flow for 5-10 seconds and photopolymerized for 20 seconds. The surface of the bracket was treated with degreaser, then a thin layer of adhesive was applied, and the sample was fixed to the enamel. Excess material was removed with an applicator. The samples were photopolymerized for 20 sec. Then, the shear bond strength of the adhesive was determined according to the method of GOST 31574-2012 on a (Zwick/Roell Z010 testing machine, Zwick, Germany). The shear strength of the adhesive joint obtained during the test is 13.54±1.01 MPa, the average value of the index of adhesive residues on the surface of the bracket was 23%±4%, which corresponds to the standard average values according to GOST. The tested domestic adhesive system of the fifth generation can be recommended for the practical work of an orthodontist.

The use of ethyl cellulose film lifts to collect particle traces from exposed adhesive on the edges of duct tape

Environmentally acquired particles (EAP), trapped along the edges of duct tape in the exposed adhesive, are a possible source of information regarding prior exposures of the tape and a possible means to associate duct tape rolls to segments of duct tape that are collected as traces during the investigation of criminal activity. The recovery and separation of EAP is complicated by (1) the need to separate the particles from the adhesive, and (2) the presence of adhesive filler and pigment particles that are part of adhesive formulations. Approaches such as cutting the tape edge, followed by solvent extraction, or swabbing of the duct tape edges using solvents, result in thousands of adhesive filler/pigment particles, overwhelming much smaller numbers of EAP. A recovery method has been developed employing a 10% solution of ethylcellulose (EC) in ethanol. Duct tape segments are pressed onto a glass plate and a bead of the viscous EC solution is pipetted along the edge. After drying, the EC forms a robust film that is peeled away from the tape edge, lifting the EAP along with only very small amounts of adhesive. The film lift (containing EC, duct tape adhesive and EAP) can be examined directly by steromicroscopy and particles of interest can be removed by softening the film using locally applied ethanol. Particles can be examined in situ by transmitted light microscopy using glycerol as a mounting medium to match the EC film. Batch recovery of particles from the film can be achieved by dissolution of the film lift in xylene and washing to remove adhesive residues. Xylene is then removed by washing with ethanol, leaving an ethanol suspension of EAP along with the duct tape filler/pigment particles. Larger particles can be separated by sieving and smaller particles can be recovered by filtration. This method was found to efficiently collect EAP found trapped along the edges of duct tape in the exposed adhesive, as well as for the preparation of these particles for microscopical and instrumental analysis. Limitations, not fully evaluated, include the loss or alteration of some particle types by dissolution, agitation and filtration steps. Further development of this method is expected to provide a means to recover trace particles from the edges of other types of tape and from related adhesive products such as stamps and labels.

Clinical performance of light-cured orthodontic adhesives for bonding brackets - an in-vitro study.

The dental profession is seeing a constant influx of new adhesive systems from manufacturers, each claiming to be more dependable than the last. This study assessed the bond strength and adhesive remnants of different light-cured adhesives used for bonding metal brackets to teeth. 80 extracted maxillary premolars with the sound crown structure were acid etched and bonded with brackets on their buccal surfaces utilizing primer and light-cured adhesives into four equal groups, which are Transbond XT, Heliosit, Enlight, and Bracepaste. Shear bond strength (SBS) for de-bonding the brackets were evaluated with Instron- testing machine after 48 hours. The de-bonded samples' adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also measured. The maximum mean SBS was found for Transbond XT (12.91 ± 2.0 MPa), followed by Bracepaste (12.87 ± 1.59 MPa), Enlight (11.77 ± 1.87 MPa), and lowest for Heliosit (10.93 ± 1.71 MPa). According to the four point scale, adhesive remnant index (ARI), Transbond XT has the least adhesive residue left on the tooth, followed by Heliosit. Enlight and Bracepaste have a similar distribution of adhesive, with both having a maximum amount left. It can be inferred that all groups involved demonstrated a satisfactory level of bond strength from a clinical perspective. Transbond XT is the preferred orthodontic adhesive over the other three adhesives due to its superior SBS and ARI properties.

Oriented design of wafer-level stacking structures to enhance reliability of laser debonding of thin devices

The laser debonding process in advanced packaging has become a key technology for the debonding of ultra-thin wafers. However, improving the reliability of debonding and efficient removal of adhesive residues from thin and brittle devices remains challenging. Here, we fabricated bonding pairs formed by inorganic responsive layer, thermal buffer layer, and adhesive layer based on a structural design-oriented strategy. Experimental results showed that the thinned device wafers did not show any damage after laser debonding, and the residual adhesive film could be easily torn off. The response layer (a-Si:H) with high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance has strong photosensitivity under the action of ultraviolet laser with a wavelength of 355 nm, and rapidly decomposes to release H2 and polysilicon nanoparticles. The thermal buffer layer is primarily intended to block the heat flow and compensate internal stress. The adhesive layer acts both as an adhesive during temporary bonding and as a barrier to laser-induced gas shock waves and plasma etching of device layers during debonding. This rational structural design contributes to improves the reliability of the laser debonding process and shows great potential for application in the next generation of thin device debonding.

BONE POINTS IN TIME: DATING HUNTER-GATHERER BONE POINTS IN THE TERRITORY OF LITHUANIA

ABSTRACTBone points were one of the major hunting implements in northern European hunter-gatherer societies. They differ in shapes, types, and manufacturing techniques. In this paper, we investigate 22 bone points from the territory of Lithuania, by studying their morpho-technological characteristics, direct dates, and adhesive residues. The majority are isolated finds, but four points were selected from excavated archaeological sites dated between the 5th and 3rd millennia cal BC. Most of the points belong to the barbed points category, but six slotted points were also studied. Of the 22, 16 previously undated points were sampled for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating. The results of 10 successfully dated samples are discussed together with previously published 14C dates of bone points from the same region. ATR-FTIR analysis of adhesive residues from six points suggest that birch bark tar was used to haft barbed points and lithic inserts. The results reveal the diversity of types of Early Holocene bone points in the territory of Lithuania, while the slotted and Kunda-type bone points fall into narrow timeframes.

Quantitative light-induced fluorescence enables effective detection of orthodontic adhesive residues in diverse environments

BackgroundAdhesive remnants post-orthodontic treatment might have deleterious effects on oral health, including enamel demineralization, plaque accumulation, and elevated risk of caries development. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize adhesive residues in an ex vivo environment rich in salivary microbiota using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) technology. MethodsDisc-shaped adhesive samples with thickness ranging from 800 to 100 µm were prepared using GC Ortho, GOTO, T Orthobond, and Transbond XT and subsequently evaluated utilizing a QLF system. Bovine teeth containing GC Ortho and GOTO adhesives and isolated human premolar teeth bonded with brackets were subjected to a 10-day incubation in an artificial saliva environment. Daily imaging was conducted using QLF during incubation. Data with ΔR > 30% and simple hygiene score (SHS) were obtained with a software for further analysis. ResultsFluorescence intensity exhibited significant differences among the four orthodontic adhesives (p < 0.05). Results of incubation in artificial saliva revealed that red fluorescence surrounding the adhesive on the tooth surface was distinctly observable from day five onwards, with ΔR > 30% and SHS levels higher than those of the control group without adhesive (p < 0.05). Observation of fluorescence images of isolated human premolar teeth with bonded brackets indicated that red fluorescence was primarily present around the brackets. ConclusionsApplication of QLF is efficacious in identifying and demarcating adhesive residues within an environment rich in salivary microbiota.

An In-Vitro Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Adhesive Remnant Score Between Two Color Change Adhesives in Orthodontic Bonding With Reduced Curing Time Using Different High-Intensity Light Emitting Diode Units.

This study aims to determine the effect on shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant score between two color change adhesives (CCAs) with reduced curing time using different high-intensity light emitting diode(LED) units. A total of 108 human first maxillary premolar teeth were randomly allocated into three principal groups (n = 36) based on the type of adhesives used. The adhesives include two CCAs: TransbondPlus Color Change Adhesive (3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Grengloo (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA), and the conventional tooth-colored adhesive: TransbondXT (3M). Each principal group was further divided into three sub-groups (n = 12 each) based on the curing time and type of high-intensity LED units used for bonding the stainless steel brackets. Woodpecker iLED Light Curing Unit (Guilin Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Guilin, China) was cured for three and six seconds, and the ELIPARS10 LED Curing Light (3M) was cured for 20 seconds. Bonding of the brackets was done in a standardized manner following the manufacturers' instructions. All the samples were submerged in distilled water at 370C for 24 hours. SBS testing was performed using an Instron machine, and adhesive residue on the debonded surface was examined and scored using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. The results showed significant differences in SBS based on curing time and the type of adhesive resin used. The six seconds curing group exhibited the higher SBS values (15.5 - 22.82 Megapascals [MPa]) followed by the 20 seconds (12.17 - 18.14 MPa) and three seconds (11.31 - 11.74 MPa) groups. Grengloo adhesive demonstrated the highest SBS values among the three types of adhesives. The predominant adhesive remnant scores were 2 and 3. Grengloo adhesive demonstrates superior bond strength compared to Transbond Plus and Transbond XT. Both Transbond Plus and Grengloo adhesives experience bond failure within the adhesive layer, regardless of the curing intensity or time.

Bio‐Inspired Adhesive with Reset‐On Demand, Reuse‐Many (RORM) Modes

AbstractDevelopment of tough, reusable adhesives is important, but remains a major challenge, especially in water. A tough reusable adhesive that resets entirely to its virgin condition when needed is reported using caffeic acid. Here, caffeic acid is employed as adhesive moiety to achieve such the functions due to its dual characteristics: an adhesive moiety from mussel‐inspired catechol and a photo‐reversible crosslink from cinnamic acid. Adhesion involves a two‐step process. First, the caffeic acid‐functionalized polymer is applied to the adherend, followed by UV irradiation (peak wavelength of light‐emitting diode, λP: 365 nm) to form a durable pre‐applied adhesive (PAA) layer through crosslinking among the caffeic acid moieties. Second, thermal activation of the PAA layer ensures repeated adhesion to a variety of adherends (Reuse‐Many mode). The cyclic dimer of the caffeic acid moiety is de‐crosslinked by UV irradiation at λP: 254 nm. This allows the complete removal of the adhesive residues from the adherends when the adhesive is no longer needed (Reset‐On demand mode). Furthermore, using magnetic nanoparticles, the caffeic acid‐functionalized polymer can be activated remotely under water by magnetic induction heating. This study paves the way for the rational design of bio‐inspired adhesives that outperform nature using plant‐derived raw materials.

Effortless residual adhesive removal: A simple method.

The cheaper surgical dressings often leave residual adhesive, which can be unsightly and uncomfortable. We describe a simple and cost-effective procedure for removing adhesive residue using micropore tape. This technique can be easily performed by anyone, including the patients themselves.

AN IN VITRO COMPARISON OF ULTRAVIOLET VERSUS WHITE LIGHT IN THE DETECTION OF ADHESIVE REMNANTS DURING ORTHODONTIC DEBONDING

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare ultraviolet (UV) illumination with traditional white light for locating fluorescent-tagged adhesive residues during orthodontic debonding, and to draw conclusions about whether kind of lighting is more successful and efficient.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The extracted human premolars were bonded to orthodontic brackets using one of two fluorescent bonding resins (Pad Lock, Reliance Orthodontics, Itasca, Ill.;). Opal Bond MV, Opal Orthodontics, South Jordan, Utah; $40 a pop).” After debonding, the operatory light was used to illuminate most of the teeth in each paste bundle (n = 20), while an ultraviolet (395 nm) light release diode (Drove) spotlight illuminated the remaining teeth. Cleaning one's teeth took a certain amount of time, which was recorded. The surface area of adhesive remains was determined by taking follow-up photographs with a dissecting microscope under UV light. The effectiveness of cement removal was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy. We used an ANOVA and a Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the two variables, time and adhesive residue.&#x0D; Results: Using a dissecting microscope, researchers determined that there were considerably less adhesive remains in the UV light group compared to the white light group (P .01). Opal Bond MV glue removed in much less time (P .01) when exposed to UV light as opposed to white light. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed invisible to UV light, minute adhesive residues (2 m).&#x0D; Conclusions: When it comes to spotting fluorescent adhesive during orthodontic debonding, ultraviolet light is both more effective and more efficient than white light. UV LED illumination is a useful tool for finding adhesives, despite its drawbacks.