Manufacture Of Adhesives Research Articles

Rapidly Gelled Lipoic Acid-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel for 3D Printing of Adhesive Bandage.

Developing a strongly adhesive, easily removable, and robust bandage is valuable in trauma emergencies. Poly(lipoic acid) (PLA)-based adhesives with good mechanical properties have been well-developed through a thermal ring-opening polymerization (ROP) method that is easiness. However, the additive manufacturing of PLA-based adhesives remains a challenge. Herein, α-lipoic acid (LA) and trometamol (Tris) are found to rapidly form a supramolecular hydrogel at room temperature with injectability and 3D printing potential. Meanwhile, the synthesized LA-grafted hyaluronic acid and cellulose nanocrystals are involved not only to optimize the extrusion of 3D printing but also to effectively promote fidelity and prevent the inverse closed-loop depolymerization of PLA in water. The hydrogel bandage exhibits strong adhesion to skin while it can be removed with no residue by water flushing, showing protection to neo-tissue during dressing replacement. The in vivo application of the hydrogel bandage significantly promoted wound healing by closing the wound, forming a physical barrier, and providing an anti-inflammatory effect, showing great potential in future clinical applications.

Printable and filament-drawable PDMS based adhesive assisted manufacturing of highly conductive copper micro-patterns

Manufacturing of copper micro-patterns is crucial in electronics for its utilization as high conductivity transparent conductive films (TCFs) and circuits. In the preparation process of current TCFs, a plethora of materials have emerged that can replace traditional indium tin oxide (ITO). However, even for the most promising metal-based nanowire materials, there are issues such as high cost, complex welding, and high contact resistance. To address these problems, this paper proposes a printable and filament-drawable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based adhesive, which, through a novel additive patterning technology, efficiently and economically manufactures self-welding copper micro-meshes and circuits. The adhesive can be processed into micro-patterns through printing and filament drawing, on which ionic Ag can be in situ reduced and anchored, thereby eliminating the need for tedious pre- and post-treatment steps. The fully exposed Ag particles dramatically minimize the usage of precious metal catalyst, thus efficiently catalyzing electroless copper deposition (ECD) reaction. Highly conductive (1.03 × 107 S m−1) copper circuits can be fabricated on the printed adhesive patterns, exhibiting versatile applicability to diverse substrates. Highly precise copper micro-meshes (∼50 μm) can be fabricated on the filament networks drawn by the adhesive. The copper meshes undergo complete self-welding at junctions during the ECD process, thus exhibiting ultra-low square resistance of 0.45 Ω sq−1 while maintaining a high transmittance of 82.2 %. This is far superior to most of TCFs in published literature.

A new platform for designing high‐performance epoxy film adhesive with poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) block copolymer and alumina nano particles in aluminum–aluminum bonded joints: Preparation and analysis of the mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties

AbstractEpoxy film adhesives are typically used in different industries. However, these adhesives suffer from brittleness, low flexibility, and thermal stability problems. In this research, phenolic resin (Novolac) and poly (butyl acrylate‐block‐styrene) were used in the formulation of epoxy film adhesive (Diglycidyl ether bisphenol A) to increase thermal stability and adhesion strength and as the toughening agent, respectively. Alumina nanoparticles were also employed to enhance the mechanical properties. The influence of block copolymer and alumina nano particles was also assessed on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy‐based film adhesives. The investigation of the mechanical properties of dumbbell‐shaped samples and adhesion strength of the Al‐Al bonded joints were evaluated by tensile, lap shear, and T‐peel tests. The thermal stability of the optimal samples was assessed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). SEM analysis was also utilized to study the toughening mechanism. Tensile test of the dumbbell‐shaped samples indicated that the incorporation of 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles enhanced the toughness to 250%. The shear and peel strengths of this sample also exhibited 51% and 76% increase, respectively, showing a remarkable synergistic effect. On the other hand, TGA results revealed that the incorporation of block copolymer improved the thermal stability of the adhesive matrix. The copresence of these two materials also showed a considerable synergistic effect on the thermal stability. The SEM results were also in line with the results of mechanical tests as the crack deviation, crack pinning, and debonding were the most important mechanisms of toughening.Highlights A new platform was developed for designing epoxy films adhesives with high mechanical, adhesion, and thermal properties. The hybrid of butyl acrylate block styrene copolymer, phenolic resin, and alumina nanoparticles showed synergistic effects on the lap shear and T‐peel strength. The greatest improvement in toughness was related to the epoxy adhesive containing 2.5 phr block copolymer and 2 phr alumina nanoparticles. Analysis of the fracture surface showed that by using hybrid of nanoparticles and block copolymers in the epoxy film adhesive formulation, the cohesive failure occurred. The use of hybrid additives in film adhesive formulations enlightened manufacture of adhesives for future studies on adhesive formulations.

Design, Characterization, and Incorporation of the Alkaline Aluminosilicate Binder in Temperature-Insulating Composites.

This paper covers the design of binder formulations and technology for low-energy building materials based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders developed for special uses. The microstructure of the binders was investigated using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy examination techniques. The identification of phase compositions was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. The degree of binding of the alkali metal ions within the binder was determined with the help of chemical analysis of the pore fluid. Structure formation depending upon binder mix design and curing conditions was also studied. Some examples of the manufacture and application of binder-based glues and adhesives, including those developed for heat insulation and fire prevention, are discussed. The advantages of binder-based temperature-insulating composite materials compared with traditionally used materials are highlighted.

Characterization and economization of cementitious tile bond adhesives using machine learning technique

Cementitious Tile Adhesives (CTAs) play a key role in ensuring the elegant outlook of buildings by improving the serviceability of various tile applications, hence making them an integral part of the dry-mix mortar industry with a significant market share globally. However, CTAs require special raw material for their production, making them a less economical option for sustainable construction applications. Hence, the current research work undertook an effort to explore the potential of different type of fine materials to produce CTAs to obtain a cheap value-added product. A total of 36 mixture proportions were prepared with six different sources of fine aggregates (i.e., silica sand, quartz sand, dune sand, river sand 1, river sand 2, and river sand 3), with six varying binder-to-fine aggregates ratios, and their mechanical strength parameters were evaluated. Further microstructure analysis was performed for fine aggregates, and best and worst performing mixture proportions to gain a deep understanding about their mechanical performance. The results revealed that the mixture proportions utilizing silica sand outperformed all other formulations in terms of compressive strength, and tensile strength with a value of 25.28 MPa, and 1.35 MPa, respectively, while dune sand performed the best in terms of shear strength 1.92 MPa with cement content of 40 % at 28 days. Moreover, microstructural investigation also showed the better microstructural performance of silica sand as compared to that of all other sources of sand. To increase the applicability of the undertaken research project, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based neural network model, along with predictive equations, was developed for the prediction of compressive strength (R2 = 0.9831), shear strength (R2 = 0.9808), and tensile strength (R2 = 0.9862). Hence, it can be concluded that the current research work provides a foundation for an effective product development process to produce tile bond adhesives using different type of raw materials available leading to economical and sustainable manufacturing of cementitious adhesives.

Strategic Quality Control Measures to Reduce Defects in Composite Wind Turbine Blades

Wind turbine blades are made from polymer composites to provide high specific stiffness, strength, and good fatigue performance. However, large composite structures are prone to manufacturing defects such as delamination and adhesive failure, which can lead to crack initiation and propagation under cyclic stresses. National renewable energy laboratory, USA statistics shows 26% fatigue failure modes are created by laminate and adhesive joint manufacturing errors. A range of manufacturing processes are used to construct wind turbine blades. Resin transfer infusion is one of the most frequently used methods in wind turbine blade manufacturing industry. This paper provides assessment on regular defects occurring in resin transfer infusion processes which lead to poor quality in wind turbine blade manufacture. The assessment is based on the existing literature and the know-how generated from manufacturing wind turbine blades. The effect of these defects for the structural failure of composite wind turbine blades is analysed. The final phase of the study provides manufacturing quality control measures which can be implemented to improve the composite wind turbine blade manufacturing process.

Emergence of long-range attractive interactions between colloidal particles during curing of dispersion media.

Compared to traditional drying methods, curing processes result in lower emissions of volatile organic compounds and reduced energy consumption. Consequently, curing processes are widely used in the manufacturing of various polymer products, including inks, coatings, composites, and adhesives. In recent years, the functionality of these polymer products has been enhanced by incorporating colloids with antiviral and conductive properties. Despite the significant influence of colloidal arrangement on physical properties, the kinetics of colloidal particles during curing remains poorly understood. To explore the effective interactions between colloidal particles during curing, we investigated the dynamics of soft particles within dispersing media using molecular dynamics simulations. The likelihood of particle aggregation during curing significantly surpasses that of random contact. Our calculations reveal an effective potential, indicating a long-range attractive interaction between the large particles. This attraction results from the heterogeneity in the crosslink network of the dispersing media, distinguishing it from the classical depletion force. Since the structure of particle aggregation could be controlled by the interplay between curing rate and particle diffusion, our findings offer promising prospects for advancing the manufacturing processes of increasingly functional polymeric products.

Effects of manufacturing parameters on mechanical interface properties of thin wood veneer laminates

This study explores fast manufacturing techniques for thin wood laminates made from European beech veneers and 1-component polyurethane adhesive. Manufacturing factors such as pressure and pressing time are investigated following well-established standards developed for fibre-reinforced materials (ASTM D5528 and ASTM D7905). Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture properties are calculated to quantify the effects of the different manufacturing techniques on the bond quality. It is found that pressing time and pressure can be minimised to 10 minutes and 0.1 MPa from 75 min and 1.0 MPa as suggested by the adhesive manufacturer, without reducing critical Mode I strain energy release rates of around 500 to 600 J/m2. However, the standard deviation of these properties increases with decreasing pressure and pressing time. Furthermore, the results show that while ASTM D5528 for Mode I testing can be used with thin wood veneer laminates, the ASTM D7905 for Mode II fracture testing is not directly applicable to these materials.

Comparison of adhesive and non-adhesive manufacturing methods of men’s jacket

Comparison of adhesive and non-adhesive manufacturing methods of men’s jacket

Surface-patterned gallol pressure-sensitive adhesives for strong underwater adhesion

In this study, we synthesized a gallol-functionalized PSA and generated micropatterns on its surface to improve its underwater adhesion. Compared to the adhesive-substrate interactions of benzyl and phenol-functionalized PSAs in water, Gallol PSA exhibited greater interactions with the substrate. Furthermore, the micropattern on the PSA surface provided a drainage channel for water during the bonding process so that water is not trapped at the substrate-adhesive interface. Moreover, the drainage channel allows the formation of small and uniform adhesion defects, which minimize the deterioration in adhesion caused by water. And the adhesive manufacturing process is also simple, without any gallol protection and deprotection steps, and can be achieved using the current adhesive industry infrastructure. This facile fabrication strategy and its adhesive properties could promote the commercialization of gallol-functionalized PSAs with underwater adhesion.

Recent Progress on Catalytic of Rosin Esterification Using Different Agents of Reactant

Gum rosin is an important agricultural commodity which is widely used as a raw material for various industries. However, gum rosin has low stability, crystallizes easily, and tends to oxidize. This is due to carboxyl groups and conjugated double bonds in gum rosin’s structure. Therefore, to reduce these weaknesses, it is necessary to modify the rosin compound to achieve better stability via the esterification process. This paper surveys esterification agents such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, methanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), allyl group, and starch Rosin ester. The product is used in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive adhesives, drug delivery, solder flux for electronic devices, as a plasticizer, and as a coating agent in fertilizers. In general, the esterification reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids is very slow without a catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts have the advantage of controlling size, structure, spatial distribution, surface composition, thermal-chemical stability, and selectivity. Among the catalysts for gum rosin esterification are ZSM-5, Fe3O4, ZnO, Calcium, TiO2, Kaolin, and Al2O3, among others. Different catalysts and esterification agents can produce various physical and chemical properties of rosin ester and will result in specific rosin ester products, such as glycerol ester, pentaerythritol ester, methyl ester, glycol ester, allyl ester, and acid starch-based rosin.

Preparation of a high-strength, hydrophobic performance starch-based adhesive with oxidative cross-linking via Fenton's reagent

Starch is a highly attractive carbohydrate in the production for the preparation of adhesives in recent years, due to its widespread availability, renewability, and abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups. However, the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, self-adhesion, and particularly high energy efficiency are generally unsatisfactory for current starch-based adhesives. On this premise, starch was oxidized using Fenton's reagent in a "“one-pot cooking” process. The prepared oxidized starch was chain expanded by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then cross-linked with a 10 % isocyanate (PM-200) to fabricate a starch-based adhesive (SFA) with a network crosslinked structure. SF12A35%/2.5-55 adhesive shows significantly higher wet shear strength (1.18 MPa), a remarkable 94 % increase compared to SF0A35%/2.5-55. The adhesive film also demonstrates both hydrophobicity (99° contact angle) and exceptional energy efficiency, with a DSC test revealing a notable 10 % elevation in energy efficiency. In addition, the crosslinked structure increases its molecular weight, thereby increasing its self-adhesion (Fig. S1). This study opens up new possibilities for the design and manufacture of multifunctional starch-based adhesives.

Latest Advancements in the Development of High-Performance Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Adhesive for Wood Composites.

The depletion of natural resources and increasing environmental apprehension regarding the reduction of harmful isocyanates employed in manufacturing polyurethanes (PUs) have generated significant attention from both industrial and academic sectors. This attention is focused on advancing bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins as viable and sustainable substitutes, possessing satisfactory properties. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the progress made in developing bio-based NIPU polymers for wood adhesive applications. The main aim of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in the production of high-performance bio-based NIPU resins derived from lignin and tannin for wood composites. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on scholarly publications retrieved from the Scopus database, encompassing the period from January 2010 to April 2023. In NIPU adhesive manufacturing, the exploration of substitute materials for isocyanates is imperative, due to their inherent toxicity, high cost, and limited availability. The process of demethylation and carbonation of lignin and tannin has the potential to produce polyphenolic compounds that possess hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups. Bio-based NIPUs can be synthesized through the reaction involving diamine molecules. Previous studies have provided evidence indicating that NIPUs derived from lignin and tannin exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, decreased curing temperatures and shortened pressing durations, and are devoid of isocyanates. The characterization of NIPU adhesives based on lignin and tannin was conducted using various analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The adhesive performance of tannin-based NIPU resins was shown to be superior to that of lignin-based NIPUs. This paper elucidates the potential of lignin and tannin as alternate sources for polyols in the manufacturing of NIPUs, specifically for their application as wood adhesives.

Scaling Palaeolithic tar production processes exponentially increases behavioural complexity

Technological processes, reconstructed from the archaeological record, are used to study the evolution of behaviour and cognition of Neanderthals and early modern humans. In comparisons, technologies that are more complex infer more complex behaviour and cognition. The manufacture of birch bark tar adhesives is regarded as particularly telling and often features in debates about Neanderthal cognition. One method of tar production, the ‘condensation technique’, demonstrates a pathway for Neanderthals to have discovered birch bark tar. However, to improve on the relatively low yield, and to turn tar into a perennial innovation, this method likely needed to be scaled up. Yet, it is currently unknown how scaling Palaeolithic technological processes influences their complexity. We used Petri net models and the Extended Cyclomatic Metric to measure system complexity of birch tar production with a single and three concurrent condensation assemblies. Our results show that changing the number of concurrent tar production assemblies substantially increases the measured complexity. This has potential implications on the behavioural and cognitive capacities required by Neanderthals, such as an increase in cooperation or inhibition control.

Volatile organic compound concentrations under two different ventilation structures and their health risks in the adhesive tape manufacturing workplace

Volatile organic compound concentrations under two different ventilation structures and their health risks in the adhesive tape manufacturing workplace

Mechanochemically Assisted Synthesis of Cu–Ag Microflakes

In this work, a simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis method of Cu−Ag microflakes has been developed. Firstly, Cu nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of copper nitrate in ethylene glycol at 180 °C in the presence of NaOH. The as-synthesized Cu powder was then dispersed in a mixture of ethyl alcohol and a dispersant followed by the mechanochemical treatment of the dispersion in a ball mill resulting in the formation of Cu flakes of approximately 0.2 μm thick and 2.7 μm lateral size. Next, by adding AgNO3 dissolved in H2O into the Cu particle dispersion, the bimetallic Cu−Ag microflakes were prepared. The particles so prepared were investigated by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. It was shown that the Cu−Ag bimetallic particles were also flake-like in shape and similar in size to the original Cu microflakes. The effect of synthesis conditions, including parameters of mechanochemical processing, on thickness, size, and uniformity of the bimetallic microflakes was studied. The results obtained in this study were compared with those obtained by wet chemical synthesis alone. The flake-like Cu–Ag particles are supposed to be used in the manufacture of conductive pastes, adhesives, and composites for printed electronics.

Penerapan Metode ABC dalam Perbaikan Tata Letak Gudang Bahan Baku di PT. Alfa Polimer Indonesia

Purpose: PT. Alfa Polimer Indonesia are the company who produce a water-based adhesive and speciality chemical manufacture that focused on various industry application with the main raw material is PVA Series. Based on observation and interviews to PVA Series raw material warehouse the information was obtained that the layout of PVA Series raw material warehouse was not properly placed, the irregular range between pallets getting effect delayed operational process in raw material warehouse and delivery of raw materials to the production department. The main aim on this research are to know and defines how to apply the ABC analysis method to the layout of the raw material warehouse at PT. Alfa Polimer Indonesia. Methodology: This research using the descriptive qualitative research and the purposive sampling with using the data analysis technique that are data reduction, data display and conclusion. And then using the source triangulation, technique triangulation and time triangulation as the data collection techniques. Results: The result obtained after processing data are the improvement effort for the layout of PVA Series raw material warehouse with using the ABC analysis method will be increases the storage capacity in the mount of 71,42 percent.

Microbial Manufacturer for Carbohydrate and Their Applications

Carbohydrates (saccharides) are the building units for the synthesis of polymers or complex carbohydrates. Nutrition polysaccharides are sources of energy and they also provide dietary fibers. Exopolysaccharides can be used to form strong, flexible films for the packaging industry. Also, in the manufacturing of detergents, adhesives, paper, paint, food, and textiles. Applications of carbohydrates have expanded in different other fields which have encouraged researchers to study this interesting group of compounds. Hence, this review highlights the nomenclature, classification, structure, biological activities, and different sources of polysaccharides focusing on those from microbial origin.

РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА АДГЕЗИВОВ ПОСТОЯННОЙ ЛИПКОСТИ

The ability of adhesives to create a strong connection between the surfaces of different materials has found wide application in various areas of life - in everyday life, industry, and is also widely used in medicine. Currently, for the manufacture of adhesives in medicine, products based on cyanoacrylates, acrylonitrile and other synthetic rubbers are used. This article explores the properties of permanent adhesives for medical use based on natural rubber. For the first time, Cladonia lichen, beeswax from Yakutsk Bee Center LLC and barium ferrite were used as fillers. In this work, 12 recipes of adhesive compositions have been developed and studied. Their physico-mechanical properties, namely, the delamination strength, the breaking force have been studied, and the water absorption of these adhesive compositions has been calculated. The dependence of water absorption of adhesives on the amount of pectin content was revealed. In addition, samples of compositions 8-12 with a diameter of 50 mm were tested on volunteers, where it was found that the glue can stay on the skin for 3 to 5 days, while no allergic reactions were detected. It was found that with the introduction of Cladonia lichen and beeswax into the polymer matrix, in addition to their beneficial properties for the human body, the strength properties of permanent tack adhesives are improved.

Dimethyl phthalate removal from aqueous system using a photocatalytic membrane reactor with suspended photocatalyst

Dimethyl phthalate is low molecular weight phthalate used on a wide scale within industry for manufacture of plastics, solvents, adhesives, lubricants, coatings and due to its poor biodegradability is not removed by classic wastewater treatment processes. It was proved that it affects the endocrine system, presenting carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects on upon living organisms. Therefore, there is a need for more advanced treatment methods such as advanced oxidation processes for dimethyl phthalate removal from aqueous systems. A hybrid process consisting from photo catalysis and membrane based processes was investigated and the optimum parameters for dimethyl phthalate removal were established. In respect to photocatalytic process the influence of photo catalyst dose, pH, irradiation time were studied and process kinetics were set up using a synthetic dimethyl phthalate solution. In order to recover and reuse the photocatalyst a membrane process was used and optimum working pressure was determined. In the case of real wastewater matrix the addition of hydrogen peroxide was needed, in the photocatalytic stage, in order to improve process efficiency. Four treatment cycles, using real wastewater spiked with dimethyl phthalate, were performed with the reuse of photo catalyst proving that the use of photocatalytic membrane reactor with suspended photo catalyst represents a promising method for phthalates removal from aqueous systems.