Adequate Public Facilities Research Articles

The Role Model of Legal Protection for Pharmacists in Carrying Out Their Profession in Reviewed from Law No. 17 of 2023 Concerning Health

The aim of the Indonesian State is to realize social welfare, especially in the health sector. Article 28 H paragraph (1) and Article 34 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia mandate that everyone has the right to welfare and health services, and the state is responsible for providing adequate public facilities and health services. This article uses literature review methods and normative legal research with a legislative approach to examine the legal system related to pharmacist protection. The research results show that there are no statutory regulations that specifically discuss protection for pharmacists in carrying out their practice. Therefore, regulations with heavier sanctions are needed to provide legal certainty for pharmacists and the public. The government needs to monitor pharmacies' compliance with pharmaceutical service standards, improve ongoing training, and update regulations to provide stronger legal protection for pharmacists. Further research is needed to evaluate policy implementation, risk analysis, and error management, as well as explore the role of technology in improving the quality of pharmaceutical services.

Actor Relationship Model in the Development of New Housing Facilities in Palangka Raya City: Problems and Urgency of Providing Public and Social Facilities

This research aims to investigate the actor relationship model in fulfilling the obligation to provide public and social facilities by developers to the Palangka Raya City government. In addition, this research designs collaboration between actors in the sustainable management of public and social facilities by the Palangka Raya City government. The focus of the problem is on the rapid development of new housing construction in Palangka Raya City which has caused residential growth in various areas. Housing construction carried out by developers must meet infrastructure, infrastructure and utilities as basic needs in a residential environment. However, many new housing developments still do not provide public and social facilities as expected. Meanwhile, it is the obligation of every developer to provide land and hand it over to the Palangka Raya City government. In overcoming this problem, this research refers to the concept of a multiple factor approach (Sudiadi, 2015; Syaifudin & Astrika, 2016). Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation in 2 sub-districts and 16 sub-districts, and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the lack of relationship between actors/stakeholders is caused by the absence of regulations or regional regulations issued by the Regional Government. It was also found that housing development exceeded needs and did not provide adequate public and social facilities.

Community perceptions classification towards the development of transportation access at Darmo Corridor Surabaya using SVM and naive bayes methods

This research conducts Classification of Public Perceptions of Transportation Access Development in Darmo Corridor Surabaya using SVM and Naive Bayes methods. The increasing mobility demands necessitate adequate public transportation facilities, such as the Surabaya bus, which has been operational since 2018. The Darmo corridor has witnessed significant development in public transportation facilities and infrastructure, serving as a transit point between two Surabaya bus routes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate public perception towards the implementation of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept in the corridor. In this study, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted on various aspects of TOD implementation, such as pedestrian paths, bicycle lanes, and green open spaces. Furthermore, public perception was analyzed using Naive Bayes Classifier and SVM methods by collecting data from Twitter accounts and giving weights based on the frequency of words in the tweets. From the analysis it could be concluded Naïve Bayes is not suitable for classification because it’s not stable enough, the SVM Methods matchs 95% proven when its repeated for 5 more time it. The results showed that the Darmo corridor successfully implemented the TOD concept well, with 90% of the community giving a positive response to the TOD implementation in the area. This finding indicates the success of TOD initiatives in improving transportation facilities and infrastructure in Darmo corridor.

The Dynamics of Participation: The Tourism Object Management of Cigaru Blue Lake

Changes are also resulted from the community ‘s efforts to develop Cigaru Blue Lake into a tourist attraction. In connection with all the changes that occur by the community participation, this study aims to describe 1) the stage of community participation in the management of Cigaru Blue Lake tourism object, 2) the dynamics of community participation in the management of the tourism object, and 3) the supporting and inhibiting factors of the community participation in the management of Cigaru Blue Lake tourism object. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive method. The data are collected through observations, interview, and documentations. The results of the study show that the dynamics of participation that occurred in Cigaru Blue Lake tourist attraction brought some changes with the addition rides, adequate public facilities, and the ability to collaborate with the local government (Cisoka District). The supporting factors are the programs that are in accordance with the needs and interests of the community and comply with the prevailing values so as to create strong bonds between the communities. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor is the geographical condition of the region and the week economy state of the community which makes the management run slowly.

Land use regulations, transit investment, and commuting preferences

In the U.S., various anti-sprawl land use regulations have been implemented for over two decades. Previous studies primarily investigate the impacts of local land use regulations or neighborhood-level built environment attributes on travel behaviors within a narrow time frame. Through a different lens, this paper examines how various local land use regulations and transit investment, both measured at the aggregated metropolitan level, have affected people’s long-term travel behaviors over a 15-year period, and how these impacts differ between younger and older age groups. This study combines a set of land use regulation indices measured at the metropolitan level in 2003 with 15 years of travel data (2005–2019) from a pooled representative sample of over 8 million workers in the 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas. Results show several local anti-sprawl land use regulations (e.g., growth containment, adequate public facilities, and moratoria), when combined at the metropolitan level, effectively reduced driving notwithstanding their marginal effects. Government investment in public transit also significantly increased commuters’ likelihood of using public transit and, carpooling, as well as increased carpool group size. Moreover, the commuting mode choices of younger workers are more responsive to transit improvements and land use regulations. Urban planners should commit to regional cooperative planning to promote effective land use regulations at the metropolitan level. Regional collaborative entities, such as metropolitan planning organizations should play a larger role in coordinating local land use planning and regulations. To reduce automobile dependency, planners should commit to improving public transit through enhanced financial assistance, harnessing land use regulations in a more targeted way, and accommodating the needs of different age cohorts.

PEMETAAN KABUPATEN KOTA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KASUS PENYAKIT MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN AGGLOMERATIF HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING

Health is a human right that is one of the indicators of welfare that must felt by all people following the ideals of the Indonesian people to realize a high degree of health. The high level of public health is one of the base capital for realization of the implementation of national development. One indicator of policy target evaluation in the health sector is the availability of adequate public health facilities and services. In addition, the level of the number of people suffering from disease complaints needs to be the attention of the government and the community to become the material for evaluating policy targets in the health sector. Based on data on the percentage of the population who have health complaints in 2020 obtained from the BPS of the Republic of Indonesia, East Java Province is ranked 7th, which is 32.8%. While the data in 2021 East Java Province is ranked 8th at 28.55%. This figure is quite high compared to other provinces so the East Java Provincial government needs to pay attention to reducing cases of disease complaints. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and map regencies and cities in East Java Province based on the distribution of the characteristics of the number of disease cases in each regency and city using the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering method. Based on the value of the cophenetic correlation coefficient, the average linkage method is the best method with the optimal number of clusters formed 4 clusters based on the cluster validation test using the connectivity validity index test, Dunn index, and silhouette. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the government of East Java Province in taking policies to improve national development planning in the health sector to increase the high level of public health

EVALUASI TINGKAT PELAYANAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL BPJS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAM

The purpose of this study was to determine the National Health Insurance (JKN) facilities throughout Indonesia, and to determine the level of hospital service by comparing patients using BPJS health facilities and general patients. This research method uses literature review / journal data collection from several authors and the results of research between one author and another have the same results in one case. Justice and the right to obtain proper health and welfare in the perspective of human rights are still not felt by the entire population, discriminatory services against BPJS patients, until the treatment rooms for BPJS health care service users are still limited, making poor people have to pay for medical expenses and BPJS health facilities cannot be used. Here there is a need for improvements from the Government in implementing classless hospitals and an increase in the number of specialist doctors, especially so that they are available in Hospitals in Rural Areas. It is hoped that the role of the Government in corrective actions towards Health Services will be in accordance with as stated in the 1945 Constitution (UUD'45) article 28 H paragraph (1) which states that everyone has the right to obtain health services, then in Article 34 paragraph (3 ) stated that the State is responsible for the provision of adequate health service facilities and public service facilities.

The modular structural system as an innovation for temporary public healthcare project of 4th-year architecture students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Abstract- The module structure system implements development by utilizing fabricated materials or components made outside the project site or on-site. Consumable shipping containers are often used to make architectural space rated more quickly and efficiently. The advantages of containers are customized, strength, durability, modular, labor, movable, availability, expense, and eco-friendly. The rapid spread of Covid-19 in various regions demands fast, proper, and adequate public health facilities. Containers can be an innovative solution for providing temporary, flexible, efficient, functional, and sustainable public health room facilities. This study describes the uses and advantages of modular container systems for architectural spaces. The result is a schematic design from the design studio of the 4th year architecture student of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, who is trying to improve the function of the use of consumable containers to get more benefits as a temporary architectural space for sustainability and public awareness of health and handling Covid-19.

A spatial equity assessment of the public facilities in the greater Jakarta area using Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation

Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanization that has grown vastly in urban areas such as The Jakarta Greater Area. Since 2013, Jakarta Greater Area is also known as a megacity because of its populous population of above 26.7 million. The rapid growth of the population is the government’s responsibility to be able to provide adequate public facilities for society. This research aims to evaluate the spatial equity of 8 public facilities in the Greater Jakarta Area. The spatial equity can be an indicator of the adequacy level of the public facilities provided. This study used Moran’s I Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA Method). The research was divided into 5 stages consist of spatial data collection, layer creation process, count point in polygons, LISA, and spatial equity analysis. The goal of this research is to help urban planners to analyze which areas still need more public facilities. As a result, more than 700 areas are in the low-high area category, which indicates that the area has a high population, but the number of facilities provided is still insufficient.

How to Defend COVID-19 in Taiwan? Talk about People's Disease Awareness, Attitudes, Behaviors and the Impact of Physical and Mental Health.

This study explored awareness, attitudes, and behavior in relation to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention among Taiwanese citizens and their physical and mental health statuses. Through collection of 2132 questionnaire responses in field research, the present researchers analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and various approaches. In conclusion, the public’s high level of willingness to share information, sufficient knowledge of and consensus on epidemic prevention between individuals and families, strict compliance with relevant regulations, effective preventive measures, and adequate public facilities have contributed to control of COVID-19. However, vigilance and awareness of the pandemic in some individuals, epidemic-prevention campaigns, and community-based preventive measures were insufficient. Some citizens subsequently suffered from headaches, anxiety, and mood instability. Furthermore, demographic variables (place of residence, sex, age, and occupation) and physical and mental health status produced various effects on citizens’ awareness, attitude, and behavior regarding epidemic prevention as well as the perceived effect of COVID-19 on physical and mental health.

The economic impacts of wheelchair use: Evidence from Central Java, Indonesia

An estimated 10% of the global population has disabilities, and 1 out of 10 require wheelchairs. Although imperative, the provision of wheelchair services remains challenging, especially in low resource settings. Interacting barriers in availability of wheelchair services and healthcare access can negatively affect households of people with disabilities in productivity and obtaining income. The availability of wheelchair services can potentially lessen the related economic burden. However, to date there is limited evidence concerning the economic gain of the wheelchair users in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of using wheelchairs on households in rural Central Java Province, Indonesia. Economic gains of wheelchair users were measured using a cross-sectional survey in Central Java, Indonesia during 2017. The questionnaires consisted of three main sections, namely general information, socio-economic information before and after using adaptive wheelchair, and income and spending related information. A total of 60 adaptive wheelchair users and parent proxy completed the questionnaires. More than half (55%) of the respondents were male, became impaired in 1998, and used an adaptive wheelchair starting in 2009. Medical conditions of the respondents related to need for a wheelchair are cerebral palsy (29%), paraplegia (29%), and polio (15.5%). Three-fourths of the respondents were working in the informal sector. On average, there is a significant increase of Rp. 217,662 in monthly household income between before and after using a wheelchair. However, there was no significant difference in spending before and after using a wheelchair. Respondents feel that using a wheelchair is beneficial particularly in mobility and helping in their activities. Wheelchair use can increase the income of households with disability. Clients responded that there have been several aspects which need further support, including skills improvement, employment generation for people with disabilities, and adequate public transportation facilities.

Apakah Shelter Bus Batik Solo Trans Aksesibel Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas?

Background: Availability of facilities and infrastructure for public facilities that facilitate accessibility for people with disabilities is very important. The basic thing for increasing the independence of people with disabilities is the availability of adequate public service facilities. One of the supporting facilities to fulfill public facilities is the Batik Solo Trans bus shelter. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accessibility of people with disabilities in assessing the assistance of Trans Solo Batik buses in Surakarta City. Method: This type of research is explorative qualitative research. Methods of interviewing, observation, and documentation. Data is obtained through interviews with persons with physical and mental disabilities. The data analysis technique uses the triangulation method. Results: Persons with disabilities are still experiencing difficulties in accessing due to architectural barriers. Design shelter still does not meet established accessibility standards. Conclusion: Shelter Solo Trans Batik buses in Surakarta City are not accessible for people with disabilities. The limited accessibility for people with disabilities requires further study in a design that is in accordance with the principles of ergonomics and accessibility in order to accommodate the public interest in general and people with disabilities in particular.

Residential Land Use Change and Territorial Conflict

This paper discusses the process of land use change and its consequential territorial conflict. Such change often occurs in residential areas with a high land value, adequate public facilities, an access to the city center, and the landowner’s desire to open a business of his own, as well as the leeway in regulations that allows for land use change. This research focuses on the social impacts of land use change such as comfort disturbances, territorial disturbances, and social disturbances. This research used observation and interview methods on a street in the Bintaro Jaya residential complex. We observed the residents’ behavior, activities, and circulation that occurred and after that, we conducted in-depth interviews with the residents to understand the perception on their territory and the developer. We found that there was a territorial clash between the residential and the commercial space such as parking area issues, visual and audio disturbances which had a negative impact on the residents. We concluded that the main road is not effective to be used for a residential space due to the potential to be developed into commercial space in the future.

Analysis of Factors Causing Traffic Accidents on Sultan Agung Street, Bekasi

Sultan Agung Street is the main road in Bekasi City which has a length of 5.5 km. On the Sultan Agung Street, there are many settlements and public facilities. However, this condition was not matched by adequate road infrastructure and public transportation facilities and infrastructure. This causes an increase in the volume of traffic and potential for accidents on Sultan Agung street. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant causal factors of accidents and to determine efforts to prevent accidents on Jalan Raya Sultan Agung with the Upper Control Limit (BKA) and Upper Control Limit (UCL) methods. Based on the analysis of Sultan Agung Bekasi Street included in the category of accident-prone roads because there are two road segments having AEK values ​​exceeding the BKA and UCL values. The coordinate point of the location with the highest AEK value is the third segment with an AEK value of 195 where the BKA value is 122,894 and the UCL value is 119,333. The most common type of accident is a Front-Rear hit by 37.5% of the total number of accidents. Time of accidents most often occurs at night with a percentage of 56% of the number of accidents.

Fiscal State Aid to Promote Clean Transport

The diffusion of non-conventionally fuelled vehicles compared to conventional ones experienced significant constraints due to their higher cost and the lack of adequate public charging facilities. The EU, to overcome such constraints, adopted measures that encourage a shift towards more sustainable forms of mobility. In this domain EU Member States are adopting fiscal and direct incentives. The lack of coordination has nonetheless generated discrepancies among States in terms of vehicles sales. The article will focus on the relationship between fiscal and direct incentives and State aid. An assessment will verify under what conditions fiscal and direct incentives, aiming to promote clean transport, may be exempted from the general prohibition of State aid. To obtain a full picture, the impact of the freedoms of movement on tax legislation will be considered in tandem to EU provisions on discriminatory levies. The study concludes highlighting how electric vehicles cannot be axiomatically assumed to have zero CO2 emissions.

TransTrip: A Shortest Path Finding Application for Jakarta Public Transportation using Dijkstra Algorithm

Government of Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, highlighted congestion as one of the issues that must be addressed immediately. The high population of Jakarta increases the number of vehicles operating on the streets and causes congestion that leads to a loss of 67.5 trillion rupiah. The development of adequate public transport facilities is expected to be one of the solution, such as TransJakarta which has flat and low price. The bus fleets of TransJakarta are also equipped with air-conditioning. However, the level of public transport users is still quite low because the use of public transport is considered ineffective as it usually cost longer time to reach a destination. Based on the factors, the authors are encouraged to develop an Android-based application, “TransTrip”, to provide clear information about the shortest path using Dijkstra algorithm and the type of public transportation that can be used to reach a destination, form a source location, with TransJakarta as the main transport and other public transport such as Angkot and Metromini to complete the routes. Notification to stop and transit features are included in TransTrip to answer the current needs of the community.

Migration Estimation in India: A Monsoon Migration Model

Rural-Urban and Rural-Rural migration has become one of the most common phenomena of population demographic changes. Several factors which contribute towards the improvement of the livelihood and opportunities to the migrated labourers have been studied. More than 69 per cent of the 1.21 billion people live in rural India (2011 Census) and agriculture is their main source of income. Agriculture contributes to 18 per cent to the GDP of India. Due to lack of adequate public irrigation facilities, most of these farmers are dependent heavily on monsoon as the main source of water for agriculture. Since a large percentage of these farmers are into subsistence farming, they lack the capital required to set up their own irrigation facilities. When the monsoon fails, or when there is excess rain, there is loss of crop and hence rural-to-urban migration results. There are many factors influencing rural to rural and rural to urban migration. One such important factor is agricultural distress. Agriculture being predominantly dependent on monsoon in India, there is an immediate need in accessing the relationship among agriculture, migration and rainfall. This paper analyses the role of quantum of rainfall in determining the rate of migration with empirical evidence from India and proposes a model to estimate the migration rate based on the quantum of rainfall.

Research on Outdoor Environments and Activity Behavior of Senior Citizens with Dementia - A Study in Taipei City

In 2015, Alzheimer's Disease International reported that there are over 47.5 million cases of dementia worldwide. In Taiwan, the number of individuals with dementia has reached 244 thousand. Access to suitable outdoor environments can improve the physical, mental, and spiritual health of senior citizens, which in-turn reduces the burden faced by caregivers as well as expenditures related social resources. This study used GPS data and in-depth interviews to examine the effect of exposure to an outdoor environment on 12 senior citizens with mild, moderate, or severe dementia in Taipei. The conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) Outdoor environments should be designed in accordance with the principles of distinctiveness, safety, environmental stimulation, accessibility, comfort, familiarity, and social support. (2) As the severity of dementia increased, the number of activity types that patients could engage in was reduced. In addition, only subjects with mild dementia participated in cognitive activities. (3) Dementia does not equal disability. Based on these findings, we recommend that outdoor environment facilities should be provide to senior citizens depending on the severity of their dementia. Besides that, adequate public facilities should be establish within 800 m of all communities to allow senior citizens to age in place, provide caregivers with some respite, and to achieve the goal of dementia-friendly communities.

Epidemiological changes in tinea capitis over the sixty years of economic growth in China.

Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp occurring commonly in children. Historical data indicate that clinical manifestations and the spectrum of etiologic agents vary greatly with geography, as well as socioeconomic affected populations. To study the possible connection between socioeconomic status, the disease patterns and the variability of etiological agents. We reviewed tinea capitis in China through literature since 1956. The disease pattern was correlated with economic and public health management protocols. Historical data on fungal identification were mostly obtained by morphology. The accuracy of these historical results was further confirmed by use of both morphological and ITS identification on a control set of 90 isolates collected recently from local hospital. Full agreement of the two identification methods implies that data from the literature were sufficiently reliable to allow comparison across reported cases. In sum, 88 papers involving 25 administrative provinces and municipalities with 38,962 clinical strains met the inclusion criteria of this review. Zoophilic species Microsporum canis is the most prevalent agent within large, modernized cities in China today accounting for over 80% of infections. In contrast, anthropophilic dermatophytes, particularly Trichophyton violaceum, are geographically endemic only in some southeastern and northwestern regions. Economic development and urbanization of cities favor a shift of etiological agents from anthroponoses to zoonoses in contemporary China. Pets are becoming the most likely sources of infection in modern lifestyles, replacing the earlier human-to-human transmission mode. However, the latter transmission mode is still prevalent in less developed areas lacking adequate social and public health facilities.

The impact of an adequate public facilities ordinance on the sale price of single-family housing in Cabarrus County, North Carolina

Hedonic modeling techniques and a difference-in-difference identification strategy were used in this study to examine the impact of an adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO) on the sale price of single-family housing in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. Plans to increase development fees collected as part of this land-use regulation were found to put upward pressure on existing housing prices in the 30 month period immediately following the announced policy change. The results suggest that policy-makers evaluating the merits of APFOs must consider their desires to manage growth and maintain housing affordability when using this regulatory tool. These considerations appear to be very important when municipalities intend to use development fees to finance needed infrastructure improvements during periods of robust housing market demand, such as the one that existed in Cabarrus County in the mid-2000s.