Adequacy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Research Articles

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of nodular thyroid lesions: A 1-year experience of the thyroid cytopathology in a large regional and a University Hospital, with histological correlation

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in evaluation of nodular thyroid lesions and in planning appropriate management. Aim: the aim of the study is to reinterpret the FNAC diagnosis using the new 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) and explore its utility and to review the accuracy by correlating with histopathology and analyze the distribution of thyroid lesions. Settings and Design: A retrospective study for a period of 1 year will be undertaken, and all the cases of thyroid FNAC during the study period will be included in the study. Materials and Methods: All FNACs of the thyroid, which were done during the year 2011, were retrieved. The results of adequate FNAC samples were correlated with the histological diagnoses in 50 cases. Statistical Analysis: the statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc Statistical Software Results: About 592 cases were included in the study, after recategorization according to the TBSRTC, Bethesda I – 2 cases (0.33%), Bethesda II – 473 cases (79.8%), Bethesda III – 54 cases (9.1%), Bethesda IV – 23 cases (3.8%), Bethesda V – 3 cases (0.5%), and Bethesda VI – 37 cases (6.25%). The false-negative rate is 9%, accuracy rate is 91%, and rate of malignancy in atypical lesions is 53.3%, with overall rate of accuracy of 61.5%. The incidence of microcarcinoma was 4/50 (8%). Conclusions: The distribution of thyroid lesions in our institute is similar to that seen elsewhere. The rate of malignancy in indeterminate lesions was 33.33%. FNA has a low false-negative rate for diagnosis of thyroid malignancy; however, controversy exists regarding the accuracy of FNA for nodules smaller than 1 cm. The nomenclature change of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features has led to necessary changes in definitions of various categories in 2017 TBSRTC as well and is discussed in this paper.

Adequacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology for Breast Lesions: The SurePath® Liquid-Based Technique versus Conventional Smears

Objective: We aimed to assess the cytological findings from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of breast lesions with conventional smear (CS) and SurePath® (SP) cytology. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of women who underwent FNA from January 2012 to June 2013 for breast lesions with benign ultrasonography impressions in Fortaleza, Brazil. Two groups were formed. The first was composed of 102 samples subjected to CS and the second of 65 samples subjected to SP. The number of smears, the cellularity and the diagnostic hypotheses were compared. Fisher's exact tests with 95% confidence intervals were applied. Results: The women ranged in age from 22 to 75 years. SP cytology indicated greater cellularity than CS for the cystic lesions (p < 0.05). In the CS group, 72.5% of the samples required 3-4 slides, but in the SP group, only 9.2% required a second slide. The cellularity of the cystic samples was significantly greater with the SP method (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In FNA cytology of the breast, SP is a tool that is comparable to CS, but with the added benefits of better cellularity results for cystic lesions and requiring fewer slides for analysis.

Surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided FNAC with on-site cytopathology improves adequacy and accuracy.

To demonstrate that surgeon-performed fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results in a high percent of satisfactory FNAC results; the number of passes to obtain a satisfactory cytological result with on-site cytopathological interpretation is reduced with ultrasound guidance (comparing FNAC with and without surgeon-performed ultrasound guidance); and immediate triage for indeterminate thyroid nodules can be performed in one setting for molecular testing, potentially improving selection for surgery. Retrospective cohort comparison. A cytopathologist is present for on-site staining adequacy evaluation and molecular testing triage for indeterminate cytology. Overall cytological adequacy and number of passes required to obtain cytological adequacy for 200 consecutive patients are compared with a historical series of 100 consecutive patients from the same surgeon and cytopathologists without ultrasound guidance. The percent of patients with an adequate FNAC with ultrasound guidance was 100%. The mean number of passes with and without ultrasound guidance was 1.7 and 4.0 (P < 0.001). Indeterminate FNACs (9%) were triaged to molecular alteration testing and gene expression classifier testing. Surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided FNAC with an experienced cytopathologist present resulted in a cytologically adequate result in 100% of cases. Significantly fewer passes for a satisfactory result were achieved with ultrasound guidance. Indeterminate FNAC can be triaged for molecular testing in one patient visit, was required in only 9% of carefully selected patients, and improved patient selection for surgery. The percent of patients who went on to surgery was 24 of 200 (12%). The percent of patients who had malignancy was 18 of 24 (75%).

Thyroid core needle biopsy: taking stock of the situation.

Recently, the microhistologic evaluation by core needle biopsy (CNB) has been reported as high accurate to diagnose thyroid nodules with previous indeterminate or not adequate fine-needle aspiration cytology. In addition, sparse data have been reported regarding the use of CNB in other conditions. Aim of this review was to furnish the state of the art of this topic by summarizing published data about the diagnostic performance of CNB in thyroid lesions, and provide an easy to use reference for clinical practice. Sources encompass studies published through May 2014. Original articles were investigated and following specific aspects were discussed: 1. The "large" needle biopsy in 90's; 2. Complications by and patient's comfort with thyroid CNB; 3. Advantages provided by examination of a microhistologic sample of thyroid nodule; 4. Use of CNB in thyroid nodules with previous not adequate (Thy 1/Class 1/Category I) cytology; 5. Use of CNB in thyroid neoplasms (Thy 3/Class 3/Category III-IV) cytology; 6. Use of CNB in specific ultrasonographic presentations of thyroid nodules or in patients with peculiar clinical contexts; 7. First-line approach by CNB in thyroid nodules; 8. Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests on CNB samples; and 9. Future perspective.

A histological assessment of the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (2010) abnormal categories: a series of 219 consecutive cases

The purposes of this study were to establish the distribution of thyroid lesions that were seen in Hatay (a province of southern Turkey), to review the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and to correlate the FNAC results with the histopathology of the excised specimens, especially in indeterminate cases. Data on patient cytology were retrieved by a retrospective search of all thyroid FNAC specimens that had been evaluated at the Department of Pathology, Antakya Public Hospital, Hatay, Turkey between January 2009 and February 2011; 1021 thyroid FNAC samples were reviewed and interpretations were recorded according to the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC). The results of adequate FNAC samples were compared with the histological diagnoses in the cases in which surgery was performed, and the malignancy rates, especially in indeterminate categories, were calculated. Of the 1021 FNAC samples, 697 (68.3%) were benign, 122 (11.9%) were non-diagnostic, 100 (9.8%) were atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 41 (4%) were follicular neoplasm/suspicious for follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN), 36 (3.5%) were suspicious for malignancy (SM) and 25 (2.4%) were malignant. In 219 cases, there was follow-up histology. Rates of malignancy were as follows: benign, 0%; AUS/FLUS, 12.7%; FN/SFN, 35.0%; SM, 91.4%; malignant, 100%. In our study, the cytohistological correlation of benign and malignant lesions was 100%. In the indeterminate categories, we recommend that clinicians should evaluate both the clinical and radiological findings of patients in addition to the FNAC results.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology for High-Grade Salivary Gland Tumors

Preoperative differentiation between high-grade malignancy and others (benign or low-grade tumors) is more important than differentiation between malignant and benign tumors for surgical planning, treatment outcome, and prognosis in salivary gland tumors. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a relatively low sensitivity for differentiating malignant from benign salivary tumors. However, the diagnostic performance of FNAC has not been studied in predicting high-grade salivary malignancy, which can significantly affect patient care. Experienced cytopathologists reevaluated the adequate FNAC on 521 salivary gland tumors. The diagnostic performances of FNAC for total malignancy and high-grade malignancy were calculated, and the results were validated in independent 105 cases. In cases of high-grade cancer on FNAC, we recorded the additional diagnostic procedures and the change of surgical extent to decide how FNAC impacts clinical practice. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in differentiating malignant from benign tumors were 64.2 % (95 % confidence interval 52.3-75.0), 98.4 % (96.5-99.3), and 92.1 % (89.1-94.6). Meanwhile, FNAC predicted high-grade malignancy accurately (94.6 % [80.0-99.5], 99.2 % [97.8-99.7], 98.9 % [97.3-99.6], respectively), a finding reproduced with similar results in the validation set. FNAC indicative of high-grade malignancy added additional imaging assessments in 94.9 %, frozen biopsy samples during surgery (tumor and lymph nodes) in 71.2 %, and changed the extent of surgery in 59.0 %. FNAC has an excellent diagnostic performance in discriminating high-grade salivary cancer, which guides clinical decision and surgical planning in salivary gland tumors.

Computed tomogram guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung mass with histological correlation: A study in Eastern India

Background:Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important and useful investigation, and is considered next to imaging in the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary mass lesion for the last few decades.Aims:To assess the role of Computed Tomogram (CT) guided FNAC in pulmonary mass lesions; to analyze the results; and to compare with histopathological findings.Materials and Methods:The clinical, radiological, and cytological data of 130 patients were prospectively studied who underwent CT guided FNAC from October 2009 through September 2011. Thereafter these patients underwent bronchoscopic/trucut biopsy/lobectomy, whatever clinically indicated. Smears and tissue sections were evaluated simultaneously to reach at a definite diagnosis.Results:Out of 130 cases, we found adequate FNAC smear and histopathology reports only in 124 cases. The age range varied from 35 to 73 years with the peak in the fifth to sixth decades. The benign lesions were 10 (8.07%) and malignant lesions were114 (91.93%) shown by cytology. The most common tumor was adenocarcinoma (51.72%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (22.41%) and small cell carcinoma 6.89%. Diagnostic accuracy of CT guided FNAC was 95%. Post procedural complications such as hemorrhage and chest pain were minimal and were noted only in three cases.Conclusion:CT guided FNAC of pulmonary masses provides simple, easy, and reliable method for reaching rapid tissue diagnosis with minimal complication.

Impact of Rapid On-Site Evaluation on the Adequacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Impact of Rapid On-Site Evaluation on the Adequacy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostic pitfalls in the evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid: correlation with histopathology in 260 cases

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the thyroid is a non-invasive, cost-effective screening procedure that is valuable for distinguishing neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic nodules. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FNACs performed at our institution by correlating FNAC results with histopathological diagnoses. Two hundred and seventy-one aspiration cytology specimens followed by thyroidectomy were included in the study, and the results of 260 adequate FNACs were compared with their histological diagnoses. The sensitivity and specificity of thyroid FNAC for detecting neoplasia were 92.6% and 91.6%, respectively. There were 15 (5.7%) false positives and six (2.3%) false negatives. The results showed that follicular cells that exhibit some of the features of papillary carcinoma could be observed in a cytology slide of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, leading to a diagnostic pitfall. In addition, cellularity and overlapping cytological criteria in hyperplasia might lead to a false diagnosis.