Relative Adequacy Research Articles

Analyisis Of Determining The Performance Of Sharia Commercial Banks Using The Maqashid Sharia Approach

This research empirically aims to examine several estimation factors that make Islamic banks more inclined to implement Maqashid Sharia performance. These factors include financing risk, temporary equity funds (dana syirkah), capital adequacy, and Sharia governance in relation to Maqashid Sharia performance. The research methodology employed is a descriptive and verificative approach. The population consists of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia from 2017 to 2021, with a sample size of 14 banks using a saturation sampling technique. Panel data regression is the analytical method applied. The results of the study indicate that, partially, financing risk has a significant negative impact on Maqashid Sharia performance. Meanwhile, temporary equity funds, capital adequacy, Sharia supervisory board, joint position of the Sharia supervisory board, board of commissioners, and audit committee have a significant positive influence on Maqashid Sharia performance.The implications for management involve formulating operational performance strategies that not only pursue commercial aspects but also consider social aspects and Sharia compliance to enhance Maqashid Sharia performance, aligning with the foundational goals of Islamic banks. The contribution to the field of knowledge lies in deepening the understanding of factors influencing Maqashid Sharia performance in Islamic banks and providing new insights into the relationships among financing risk, temporary equity funds, capital adequacy, Sharia governance, and performance.

Selection of Technological Modes for Obtaining Microarc Oxide

The aim of the work is to select the technological parameters necessary to obtain microarc oxide coatings with desired properties. The objectives of the study are: modeling the properties of coatings from the technological parameters of the process of their formation and assessing the error of modeling adequacy. For this, regression analysis methods, interpolation and approximation of functions were used. Mathematical expressions are proposed for calculating the specified coating parameters depending on the current density and the duration of the microarc oxidation process. The initial data were the results of measurements of coating parameters obtained at current densities of 8, 10, 12 A/dm2 for 180 minutes in a silicate-alkaline electrolyte, the thickness, microhardness and porosity of which lie in the range: thickness from 0 to 180 цап; porosity from 4 to 44 % and microhardness from 7 to 10 HV. It is shown that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, while the relative adequacy error does not exceed 15 %. The results obtained can be used in scientific research in the development of a digital twin of the microarc oxidation process and in industry for testing the technology of coating light alloys.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ У ПОЛІТЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ АСПЕКТІ

The problem of the lack of economic growth in Ukraine which is considered through the effect on the economy of the political-economic law on the adequacy of production relations to the level and nature of productive forces is identified. In the course of the analysis of the state of productive forces and industrial relations, it was concluded that the industrial relations of Ukraine contain a rudiment of the economic system of the Middle Ages, which consists in a deep introduction of the institution of oligarchs into the economy. The author outlines the reasons for the emergence of oligarchic capitalism in Ukraine, in which oligarchs have the opportunity to shape public opinion and, thus, influence the composition of the legislative power, which adopts state laws beneficial to them. It is emphasized that industrial relations in Ukraine are currently lagging behind in their development, which, in turn, slows down the development of productive forces and society as a whole. The author has clearly defined that only with the change of outdated industrial relations is it possible to enter a new path of economic development. On the other hand, the productive forces of Ukraine, embodied in the labor force, fully correspond to the current level of development of the world's productive forces. This is the industrial relations lagging in the country from the character of productive forces. The contradiction between them inevitably leads to the reform of industrial relations. However, this should happen not in a revolutionary way, but in an evolutionary way in the form of a political struggle. It is quite difficult to carry out such an evolution, since the institution of oligarchs has informally appropriated all political and economic power. In addition to the role of oligarchs in the economic life of the country, the author considered a number of other elements of industrial relations that oppose the economic development of Ukraine. But in terms of their influence, they can be classified as the second level after the effect of the political-economic law. The article outlines ways of forming industrial relations adequate to the productive forces of modern Ukraine and their impact on economic development. It is noted that within the framework of existing industrial relations, the growth of public production volumes is possible, but its pace will be several times lower than potentially possible.

Validation of selected 2021 infant and young child feeding indicators for appropriate complementary feeding in relation to dietary adequacy and anthropometric status

Introduction: With the new set of 2021 infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators released by WHO and UNICEF, there is a need for its validation in the Philippine setting. The study evaluated the validity of cut-off points used for minimum dietary diversity and minimum feeding frequency in terms of micronutrient and energy intake adequacy, respectively, and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in relation to anthropometric status. Methods: The study covered 8360 infants and young children aged 6-23.9 months with complete information on IYCF, anthropometric measurements, maternal information, and household characteristics from the 2018-2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). Bivariate and correlation analyses using STATA version 15 (Corp LLC, Texas, USA 2017) were performed to determine the association of specific IYCF indicators: dietary diversity and feeding frequency with nutrient and energy intake adequacy, and MAD with anthropometric status. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to evaluate the accuracy of dietary diversity score (DDS) and feeding frequency in identifying children with adequate nutrient and energy intakes, respectively. Results: Significant associations were found between DDS and micronutrient adequacy, and between feeding frequency and energy intake adequacy, regardless of breastfeeding status. A DDS of 5 and 6 and feeding frequency of 4-5 and 8 maximised sensitivity and specificity in identifying breastfed and non-breastfed children meeting 100% nutrient and energy adequacy, respectively. Conclusion: The selected 2021 complementary feeding indicators are practical guidelines to reflect dietary adequacy, but may not capture the entire process related to nutritional outcomes, especially stunting.

Digital videos in the English as a Second Language classroom

This study aimed at investigating the use of digital videos for L2 development, with the specific objectives of identifying the: 1) frequency of use and the sources of the videos, 2) selection criteria and instructional use, and 3) perception of their benefits. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with thirteen English teachers from extracurricular courses offered at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. The results showed that 8 teachers reported using videos about 20% of their classes; 1, 40%; 1, 60%; and 3, 80%. Most teachers use videos from YouTube, TED talk videos, DVDs in general, and videos accompanying the textbooks. For the selection criteria, teachers use: video length, authenticity, difficulty level, topic adequacy in relation to the topic in class, grammar and vocabulary presentation in context; and for the instructional use, videos are used mostly to teach vocabulary and grammar, introduce and explain the topics related to the unit, contextualize the language and foster topic discussions, show diversity of language with abstract/poetic language, promote skills development, and prepare for activities. The perceived benefits include contextualization and authentic use of the language, language use in its natural pace, topic introduction and explanation assistance, attractiveness and engagement, delivery of visual input, and use of subtitles. The possible conclusions are that digital videos are present and can contribute for L2 development, and that teachers are capitalizing on their best use in their L2 classrooms.

Оrganisational and methodological foundations for health- improving dance fitness classes for pre-school children

The article scientifically substantiates and presents the most optimal content and organizational features of health-improving and recreational classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children. The article also shows the validity of the research methods carried out, their adequacy in relation to the object, subject, purpose and objectives of the work. The developed organizational and methodological guidelines for dance fitness classes for preschool children were aimed at acquiring primary knowledge about the content, rhythms, features of sports dances and the study of basic steps, focused on the child, taking into account his interests, aimed at a harmonious comprehensive education of a creative person. The effectiveness of the developed structure of fitness classes was determined using physiological research methods. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis of Special Scientific and methodological literature and documentary materials, physiological research methods, statistical processing of the obtained data. The study involved 24 preschool-age children: boys and girls aged 5-6 years who are engaged in sports dancing. With the help of statistical selected research methods, the structure and content of health-improving and recreational classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children were determined and the impact of classes on the functional capabilities of the child's body was determined.
 As a result of the study, organizational and methodological guidelines for health and Recreation Classes with elements of sports dances for preschool children were presented and the influence of the proposed fitness program on the functional state of preschool children was determined.

Relationship Between Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of Gender Roles and Equality and the Gender Gap in Bicycle Use Across European Countries

Various factors have been proposed to explain gender differences in bicycle use. The aim of the current research was to investigate the relationship between attitudes and perceptions of gender roles and equality and the gender gap in bicycle use across the member states of the European Union. Data from Eurobarometer surveys on bicycle use as well as on attitudes and perceptions of gender roles and equality were aggregated at the country level. Bayesian correlation analyses showed that perceptions of general gender stereotypes, attitudes toward legal measures to ensure parity between men and women in politics, and perception of the gender pay gap were associated with the gender gap in bicycle use. The gender gap in bicycle use was not related to perceptions of gender and stereotypes associated with politics (except for one indicator). Bayesian regression analyses controlling for country-level differences in pro-cycling conditions and economic activity (gross domestic product per capita in purchasing power standards) confirmed the relationships, although the relative adequacy of the alternative hypothesis against the null hypothesis (Bayes factor) did change in some cases. The present findings suggest that the gender gap in bicycle use relates not only to structural gender inequality, but also to attitudes, perceptions, and norms about gender.

Stress testing bank insolvency risk by systemic equity market shock: An expected shortfall approach

This paper proposes a simple intuitive approach for assessing and stress testing the insolvency risk of global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) by shocking systemic risk in the equity market. In particular, the paper introduces two metrics to measure the relative adequacy of total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) upon resolution of a bank under both real market conditions and stress test settings. The metrics may also be calculated on a regular basis for monitoring bank insolvency risk. Three global systemically important banks, including Credit Suisse, are presented as examples for the analysis. To capture the heavy tail feature of equity market downturns and ensure conservatism for stress testing, an analytical framework is adopted based on extreme value theory with expected shortfall, power law distributions and copula method. The analysis concludes that G-SIBs may have a high probability of loss exceeding TLAC under systemic market stress.

Adequação do conteúdo sobre alimentação de lactentes em websites populares quanto às recomendações do Guia alimentar para crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos

Abstract Objectives: to verify the adequacy of recommendations on food and nutrition for infants available on popular websites in relation to the “Twelve Steps for a Healthy Diet” from the Dietary guidelines for Brazilian children under 2 years of age. Methods: popular websites were searched via the Google platform to collect data about food recommendations for children under 2 years of age. The data was categorized according to criteria developed with the Guide: totally agree, partially agree, disagree, contradictory and absent. The websites were described according to the frequency of each step and the distribution in the categories. Results: 82 websites were included. Most frequent steps: 1 (84.1%), 2 (82.9%) and 4 (63.4%); least present: 8 (23.2%), 10 (19.5%), 11 (3.7%) and 12 (1.2%). The highest percentages of adequacy in relation to the Guide were steps 1 and 4 with 46.4% and 53.8%, respectively. Steps 3 (37.9%) and 7 (75.0%) had the highest percentages of disagreement or contradiction. Conclusions: there is proper information on the internet, however, these are mixed with missing, in disagreement, partially in agreement or contradictory information, which reinforces the importance of disseminating the recommendations of the Guide

Facts and arguments checking: investigating the occurrence of scientific arguments on Twitter

A method for studying use of scientific sources in arguments on Twitter is demonstrated. Data were collected from the Twitter API v. 2.0 using Focalevents, searching for tweets with links to DOIs, and then collecting conversations around these tweets. Analysis. Three conversations on different topics were analysed searching for argumentative behaviour, use of scientific sources, their reliability, consistency and adequacy in relation to the argument and the target audience. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis based on argumentation theory were applied. The method allowed us to identify scientific publications used argumentatively by a multiple audience in the context of Twitter conversations. The publications were used to build scientific arguments, mainly, but not exclusively, from individual and collegial expert opinion. Scientific findings were often misinterpreted and used improperly to the benefit of the argument. Through the use of argumentation theory to study conversations in a structured way, the paper demonstrates how to approach the usage of scientific publications in arguments. Scientific publications were used to build scientific arguments from different types of expert opinion, for giving proofs for claims and ounter-arguments, and inconsistent or biased arguments from individual expert opinion.

Measure-Theoretic Musings Cannot Salvage the Full Bayesian Significance Test as a Measure of Evidence

Ly and Wagenmakers (Computational Brain & Behavior:1–8, in press) critiqued the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) and the associated statistic FBST ev: similar to the frequentist p-value, FBST ev cannot quantify evidence for the null hypothesis, allows sampling to a foregone conclusion, and suffers from the Jeffreys-Lindley paradox. In response, Kelter (Computational Brain & Behavior:1–11, 2022) suggested that the critique is based on a measure-theoretic premise that is often inappropriate in practice, namely the assignment of non-zero prior mass to a point-null hypothesis. Here we argue that the key aspects of our initial critique remain intact when the point-null hypothesis is replaced either by a peri-null hypothesis or by an interval-null hypothesis; hence, the discussion on the validity of a point-null hypothesis is a red herring. We suggest that it is tempting yet fallacious to test a hypothesis by estimating a parameter that is part of a different model. By rejecting any null hypothesis before it is tested, FBST is begging the question. Although FBST may be useful as a measure of surprise under a single model, we believe that the concept of evidence is inherently relative; consequently, evidence for competing hypotheses ought to be quantified by examining the relative adequacy of their predictions. This philosophy is fundamentally at odds with the FBST.

Концентрація цілей і завдань судноплавних компаній за умовами ринку морської торгівлі

The article is devoted to the system of goals and objectives of the shipping company, which are concentrated in accordance with the conditions of the maritime trade market. The purpose of the article is to develop the characteristics of the formation of cargo flows and the use of the production potential of maritime transport enterprises, which is determined by a set of changes in the system of global economic relations. Effective positioning of maritime transport enterprises requires taking into account transformational factors and balancing the technical and economic aspects of production with cost-effectiveness criteria. By adopting a thorough approach to managing the balance of individual maritime transport enterprises, it is possible to ensure a certain period of adequacy in relation to the external situation, thus minimizing risks and maximizing efficiency.

Does the nutritional composition and category of administered enteral nutrition affect the nutritional status of patients receiving home nutritional therapy?

Home enteral nutrition is a nutritional intervention that can help in the recovery of health after hospital discharge. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the nutritional composition of different categories of enteral nutrition administered to patients at home, the relationship with their nutritional status, and to compare the nutritional recommendations to the nutritional content provided by the different categories of enteral nutrition. 111 samples of homemade enteral preparations (HEP), blended enteral preparations (BEP) and commercial enteral formulas (CEF) were collected from patients' homes. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the enteral formulations, and anthropometric and body composition evaluations were performed on the patients. Comparisons between the infused and prescribed nutritional content were performed. Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests with post hoc DMS were conducted. The enteral nutrition categories demonstrated adequacy in relation to the physical analyses. The energy content was similar among the evaluated categories. The BEP and CEF presented higher levels of total solids, proteins, lipids, caloric density and non-protein calories; they also had a lower volume of infused/day content, and both were classified as normocaloric. The HEP were classified as hypocaloric. Regarding the infused content in relation to the recommended content, the HEP presented lower levels of protein and lipids; the CEF showed lower lipid and carbohydrate content, and the BEP presented adequacy in all nutrients. Most of the evaluated anthropometric parameters did not differ between the enteral nutrition categories. The anthropometric indicator of arm circumference (cm and %) was higher in patients receiving CEF and BEP, and the triceps skin fold (mm) was higher in patients receiving CEF and HEP. It is recommended to review the macronutrient content in nutritional prescriptions, regardless of the enteral nutrition category used. Most anthropometric parameters did not differ between the categories of enteral nutrition administered, especially those that were indicative of lean body mass.

Investigating the Intersections of Racial Identity and Perceived Income Adequacy in Relation to Dietary Quality Among Adults in Canada

BackgroundStructural racism and economic marginalization shape dietary patterns in complex ways. Most research examining race and income inequities discount their interactions in shaping dietary intakes. An intersectional approach is needed to identify interconnected sources of social inequities and to more precisely locate dietary inequities. ObjectivesWe examined whether racial identity and perceived income adequacy independently and jointly shape dietary quality, defined using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015, among a large sample of adults in Canada. MethodsCross-sectional data from 2540 adults (≥18 years of age) in Canada who participated in the 2019 International Food Policy Study were analyzed. Multivariable linear regression models were executed to test the independent associations and interactions between racial identity and perceived income adequacy with HEI-2015 scores. Models were constructed to examine HEI-2015 total and component scores, adjusting for age, gender, and education. ResultsPerceived income adequacy, but not racial identity, was independently associated with HEI-2015 total scores. The interaction between racial identity and perceived income adequacy was significantly associated with HEI-2015 scores. Compared to the reference group (individuals identifying as White and reporting income adequacy), those identifying as Black and reporting income adequacy were associated with lower HEI-2015 scores (β, −7.30; 95% CI, −13.07 to −1.54) and those identifying as Black and reporting income inadequacy were associated with lower HEI-2015 scores (β, −6.37; 95% CI, −12.13 to −0.60). Individuals who identified as indigenous and reported neither income adequacy nor inadequacy had lower HEI-2015 scores (β, −8.50; 95% CI, −13.82 to −3.18) compared to the reference group. ConclusionsFindings suggest that racial identity and perceived income adequacy jointly shape dietary quality. Inequities in dietary quality may be missed when intersecting racial identities and socioeconomic positions are not explicitly investigated. To support healthier dietary patterns, strategies must reduce socioeconomic barriers that impose dietary constraints on some racialized groups.

Maternal dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy in relation with anthropometric measurements of newborns at birth: a cohort study in Tehran city

BackgroundMaternal dietary intake during pregnancy plays an important role in fetal development and birth outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine maternal dietary diversity and Nutritional adequacy in relation with anthropometric measurements of newborn at birth as a cohort study in Tehran city.MethodsThis prospective cohort study, was conducted by participation of 585 pregnant women referred to public health centers and hospitals covered by Shahid Beheshti, Tehran and Iran Universities in Tehran City. Using face-to-face interviews, general characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Pre-pregnancy dietary intake was measured by a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at the first visit, and dietary intake during pregnancy was measured by 2 non-consecutive 24-h food recall (one holiday and one regular day) at 31–34 weeks. Maternal height and weight were measured using standard tools and protocol at the first visit, and maternal weight at the end of pregnancy and data related to neonatal anthropometric indices were collected from mothers and neonates health records in the Sib electrical system. By applying SPSS software (version 23) the association was analyzed by linear regression with adjusting for confounding factors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsMean ± standard deviation of body mass index (BMI) of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy weight gain, BMI for age z-score (BAZ) at birth of infants were 24.52 ± 4.12, 12.16 ± 6.85 kg and − 0.61 ± 1.48, respectively. Mean ± SD of the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) before and during pregnancy were 5.31 ± 1.11, vs.5.23 ± 1.42 and 289.85 ± 113.12 vs. 371.07 ± 197.28, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors DDS in the third trimester of pregnancy was inversely correlated with WAZ (B = -0.16, 95% CI = - 0.23_0.30) and BAZ (B = − 0.24, 95% CI = - 0.06_0. 42) at birth, MAR of pre-pregnancy (B = − 0.001, 95% CI = - 0.002_0.00) and in the third trimester of pregnancy (B = − 0.18, 95% CI = - 0.35_0.004) were negatively associated with WAZ at birth.ConclusionThe findings showed that maternal nutritional status (dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy) before and during pregnancy were correlated with neonatal anthropometric indices at birth.

Analytical Synthesis of Quasi-Optimal Regulators for Linear Objects Based on Conditionally Adequate Low-Order Models. Part 2

For linear high-order plants (n l 4), analytical (exact) control algorithms in the form of feedback that are optimal in terms of the rapid response criterion are practically unknown, and for them the problem of synthesizing approximately rapid response control laws remains relevant. In this part of the work, an approach to the synthesis of rapid response highorder systems is developed, proposed in its first part, using the idea of transforming the original rapid response problem to a similar problem of controlling objects described by models of the first or second order, for which the optimal control algorithms in terms of rapid response are known. These algorithms underlie the investigated approach to the synthesis of rapid response control systems, which involves finding special functions that describe the relationship between the phase coordinates of models of a low-order object (by analogy with the works of A. A. Kolesnikov, they are called aggregated or macro-variables) with the phase coordinates of the original high-order object as well as the calculation of the parameters of the low-order models used, which in a certain sense ensure their adequacy to the original object and, accordingly, the rapid response of the synthesized systems. In this part of the work, in contrast to its first part, the synthesis uses two models of an object, not of the first, but of the second order, which are characterized by conditional and approximate adequacy in relation to the original model of a high-order object. In the case of conditional adequacy, the parameters of the low-order model are found exactly using the eigenvalues and vectors of the original object, and with approximate adequacy, using the least squares method. On the basis of these two second-order models, two methods for the synthesis of quasi-optimal controllers are developed, which differ in the use of nonlinear feedbacks that provide an increased rapid response of the designed control system that is sufficiently close to the limiting values. In particular, by the example of modeling, it is shown that Accordingly, the main content of the work is devoted to the results of a comparative analysis of the properties of these rapid response controllers, as well as the analysis of the features and conditions of applicability of the proposed synthesis methods

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT HYPERTENSIVE GESTATIONAL SYNDROME AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice about Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome among pregnant women, after an educational intervention. Method: a controlled, randomized and longitudinal clinical trial, related to the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey on Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome complications, carried out with 120 pregnant women at a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Data collection was performed at three moments and the pregnant women were separated into two groups with 60 participants each. For quantitative comparisons, the Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney's test were applied. To study qualitative associations, the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were employed. Results: adequate assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice was identified in the intervention group, on the seventh and thirtieth days after the intervention (p&lt;0.05), with an increased chance of adequate knowledge on the seventh (Odds Ratio=6.63 - Confidence Interval: 3.5-12.55) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=6.25 - Confidence Interval: 3.13-12.50) days. In this group, the attitude was adequate on the seventh (Odds Ratio=6.11 - Confidence Interval: 3.28-11.39) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=6.44 - Confidence Interval: 3.49-11.89) days. The practice was also adequate on the seventh (Odds Ratio=3.73 - Confidence Interval: 2.21-6.28) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=4.91 - Confidence Interval: 2.90-8.32) days. Conclusion: the pregnant women who participated in the educational intervention presented more adequacy in relation to knowledge, attitude and practice, when compared to those in the control group. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, REBEC) RBR-8wyp8j

Motivators for learners of languages other than English in college elective courses in a monolingual social setting

Guided by the Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MSS) framework, this study examined to what extent the three L2MSS components of ideal self, ought-to self, and learning experience described the motivation of learners who chose to enroll in college elective courses of modern languages other than English (LOTEs) in the monolingual social setting of Taiwan. Questionnaire surveys were conducted at the end of two consecutive semesters and learners were interviewed. Triangulation of survey and interview data suggested that a positive learning experience was the strongest factor in motivating effort. Although some classroom factors were known, others worth further exploration in instructional settings were pointed out. The ought-to L2 self was found to be an insignificant predictor with questionable validity. Instead, academic responsibility and instrumentality proved more relevant factors in LOTE. Results on ideal self were less straightforward, suggesting that the ideal self for LOTEs may be qualitatively different from the English ideal self. Comparisons of data sets across time and learner groups indicated motivation did not change over time. By considering major L2MSS components and related constructs together, this study uncovered their relative adequacy in explaining LOTE motivation and suggested possible new perspectives for studying motivation in instructed LOTE acquisition.

A SPIRITUALITY AS THE BASIS OF THE ANTHROPOCENTRICISM IN UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHY

This article covers the human-forming dimension of the phenomenon of spirituality through the lens of Ukrainian philosophical heritage in the context of the modern spiritual depreciation by the powerful technocratic transformations of many aspects of the life of Ukrainian society. It has revealed that human being has become a subject of study by representatives of different historical epochs, who has found their special understanding of the content of spirituality and has given it one of the important roles in human life. It has been analyzed the doctrine of the human physical and mental dichotomy and a value of idea of the heart as the center of the «inner human», the knowledge of which has been recognized as the highest goal of human selfaffirmation. The inner human was defined by such spiritual concepts as the ability to self-determination, self-deepening, self-understanding, self-creation, the art of self-management in curbing passions, the integration and the harmonization of inner world of personality and relationships with others, the presence of non-utilitarian, non-pragmatic value-building with the elevation to the spiritual obedience of the human's will to the Lord's will as a process of the individual theosis. It is concluded that spirituality in the Ukrainian philosophical heritage is a multilevel axiological-anthropocentric «matrix» that seeks to cover all social and individual needs and ensure the integrity of the functioning of human existence, the adequacy of relations with reality. Its defining aspect is the external simplicity of answers to complex problems, the authority of requirements, the criteria of spiritual values, ideals, their indisputable integrity and order, which contribute to a certain inner harmony of the personality. The gained conclusions can strengthen the connection between the nowadays and the spiritual traditions of our people and become an effective tool for overcoming the negative tendencies of rationalism, extreme individualism and technocracy of the modernity.

An Efficient No-Shutdown Pipe-Fixing Freezing Design for Water Management System in Hospitals during COVID-19: A Case Study

Ensuring the uninterrupted flow of the complex piped water distribution networks to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan’s hospitals has become a priority. The process involved in the no-shutdown pipe fixing freezing method depends on the water supply system design and the conditions of the environment. Before carrying out repair works onsite, two experiments were undertaken to estimate the liquid nitrogen supply rate and make sure of its adequacy in relation to the fixing system’s heat transfer performance. Using an iron exhaust pipe and galvanized steel inlet pipe with jacket for a 50-mm-diameter water pipe, temperature variations and timelapse were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the frost length on the water pipe surface at either side of the jacket was 1.2–1.8 times of the pipe diameter. The ice length (~45 cm) was longer than the jacket (~34 cm), and the water pressure at the jacket inlet side was 1 kg/cm2 greater than at the exit. Injecting the right amount of liquid nitrogen into the inlet and at a proper speed between 0.7 and 0.8 kg/min will ensure a safe and smooth completion of the ice plug formation process. The design and processes have been used successfully in hospital water supply system fixing works.