Adenosine Deaminase In Tuberculous Pleural Effusion Research Articles

Pleural fluid soluble Fas ligand and tuberculous pleural effusion: a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study.

The diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is challenging for pulmonologists. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-27 (IL-27) have some limitations for diagnosing TPE. Soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) had a high diagnostic value for TPE. However, it remains unknown: (I) whether sFasL has an additional diagnostic value to the traditional markers (e.g., ADA); (II) whether sFasL provides a net benefit in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion; (III) factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of sFasL for TPE. This study aimed to evaluate the additional diagnostic value and benefit of pleural fluid sFasL for TPE. We prospectively enrolled 211 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion. The concentration of sFasL in pleural fluid was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The diagnostic accuracy and net benefit of sFasL and ADA for TPE were analyzed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discriminant improvement (IDI). The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of sFasL and ADA were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65-0.83) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90), respectively. The decision curve of sFasL revealed net benefit. The continuous NRI and IDI of sFasL were 0.36 (0.00-0.72, P=0.05) and 0.02 (-0.01-0.06, P=0.18), respectively. Pleural fluid sFasL has moderate diagnostic accuracy for TPE.

Diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase to adenosine deaminase ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion: an analysis of two cohorts

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of pleural fluid (PF) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to adenosine deaminase (ADA) (LDH/ADA) ratio for tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). Especially to explore whether the LDH/ADA ratio provides added diagnostic value to ADA.MethodsThe diagnostic accuracy of PF LDH/ADA ratio and ADA for TPE was evaluated in two cohorts, named the BUFF (Biomarkers for patients with Undiagnosed pleural eFFusion) cohort (62 with TPE and 194 with non-TPE) and the SIMPLE (a Study Investigating Markers in PLeural Effusion) cohort (33 with TPE and 177 with non-TPE). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve were used to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the PF LDH/ADA ratio. The added diagnostic value of the LDH/ADA ratio to ADA was evaluated with net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsThe area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of PF ADA and LDH/ADA ratio in the BUFF cohort were 0.76 and 0.74, respectively. In the SIMPLE cohort, the AUCs of PF ADA and LDH/ADA ratio were 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. The decision curves of PF LDH/ADA and ADA were close in both the BUFF and SIMPLE cohorts. The NRI and IDI analyses did not reveal any added diagnostic value of LDH/ADA to ADA.ConclusionsPF LDH/ADA ratio has moderate diagnostic accuracy for TPE. It does not provide added diagnostic value beyond ADA. The current evidence does not support LDH/ADA ratio for diagnosing TPE.

Adenosine deaminase for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectivePleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a useful diagnostic test for tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), but its exact threshold and accuracy in clinical decision-making is unclear. We aimed to assess diagnostic performance of ADA in TPE and to clarify its optimal diagnostic threshold.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles indexed up to October 2018. We included English language studies that provided both sensitivity and specificity of ADA in TPE diagnosis. Summary estimates for sensitivity and specificity were obtained through bivariate random effects model, both overall and at prespecified threshold ranges of <36, 40±4, 45–65 and >65 IU/L.ResultsWe retrieved 2162 citations, and included 174 publications with 27009 patients. All studies showed high risk of bias. Summary sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio estimates were 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.93), 0.90 (95% CI 0.88–0.91) and 97.42 (95% CI 74.90–126.72) respectively. 65 studies with ADA threshold of 40±4 IU/L showed summary sensitivity and specificity of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.95) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.87–0.91) respectively. Four studies with ADA threshold >65 IU/L showed summary sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI 0.61–0.96) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.80–0.99) respectively.ConclusionADA levels in pleural fluid show good diagnostic accuracy in diagnosis of TPE; however, all included studies showed high risk of bias. It was not possible to derive any firm inference on relative clinical utility of different diagnostic thresholds.

Diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase(ADA)for the tuberculous pleural effusion

Objective To investigate the value of adenosine deaminase(ADA)for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 324 cases of tuberculous pleural effusion patients which were effective treated and 68 cases were diagnosed of malignant pleural effusion.By drawing receiver operating characteristic curve, the best threshold of diagnosing of tuberculous pleural effusion was determined,and the distribution characteristics of ADA in tuberculous pleural effusion were analyzed. Results When the ADA was set at 19.5U/ L it was good for identifying tuberculous empyema and tuberculous pleurisy.The activity of ADA in group of different gender did not have significant difference(Z=-0.572,P= 0.283).The activity of ADA had significant difference between tuberculous empyema with tuberculous pleurisy patients(Z=-2.317,P= 0.01),and the same as in group of different ages between less than or equal to 45 years old with the others(Z=-2.387,P= 0.008).The activity of ADA had significant difference between tuberculous empyema and tuberculous pleurisy patients of younger than 45 years old(Z=-2.740,P= 0.003),but not in the group of less than or equal to 45 years old(Z=-0.267,P = 0.390). Conclusion The activity of ADA is good for identifying diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion and malignant pleural effusion,especially in tuberculous empyema and less than or equal to 45 years old patients.The standard of diagnosis and the nature of the tuberculous pleural effusion may affect the cut-off value of ADA. Key words: Pleural Effusion; Tuberculous,Pleural; Adenosine Deaminase; Diagnosis

Combined detections of interleukin 27, interferon-γ, and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion for diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.

Previous studies reported interleukin-27 (IL-27), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or adenosine deaminase (ADA) alone plays a helpful role in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). The present study aims at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of pleural IL-27, IFN-γ, and ADA, and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of IL-27, IFN-γ, or/and ADA for differentiating TPE from pleural effusions with the other etiologies. The concentrations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA were simultaneously determined in pleural fluids and sera from 40 patients with TPE; 26 with malignant pleural effusion, seven with infectious pleural effusion, and eight with transudative pleural effusion by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and colorimetric method. The corresponding biochemical indexs were also simultaneously determined. The concentrations of pleural IL-27 and IFN-γ in the tuberculous group were significantly higher than those in the malignant, infectious, and transudative groups. The concentrations of ADA in TPE were significantly higher than those in MPE or transudative effusions, while much lower than those in infectious effusions. Among these three biomarkers, IL-27 was the most effective for TPE diagnosis, with the cut off value of 900.8 ng/L. IL-27 had a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 97.6% for differential diagnosis of TPE from non-TPEs. Combinations of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA measurements further increased the sensitivity or specificity up to 100%. Compared to non-TPEs, IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA all simultaneously increased in TPE; and among these three rapid detection methods, IL-27 appeared to be the best for distinguishing tuberculous from non-TPEs, especially from MPE. Combinations of the three markers (IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA) yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the applications of a new biomarker, IL-27, alone or with IFN-γ and ADA, may contribute to more efficient diagnosis strategies in the management of tuberculous pleurisy.