Liver Adenosine Deaminase Research Articles

Hesperitin-Copper(II) Complex Regulates the NLRP3 Pathway and Attenuates Hyperuricemia and Renal Inflammation.

Hyperuricaemia (HUA) is a disorder of purine metabolism in the body. We previously synthesized a hesperitin (Hsp)-Cu(II) complex and found that the complex possessed strong uric acid (UA)-reducing activity in vitro. In this study we further explored the complex's UA-lowering and nephroprotective effects in vivo. A mouse with HUA was used to investigate the complex's hypouricemic and nephroprotective effects via biochemical analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot. Hsp-Cu(II) complex markedly decreased the serum UA level and restored kidney tissue damage to normal in HUA mice. Meanwhile, the complex inhibited liver adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities to reduce UA synthesis and modulated the protein expression of urate transporters to promote UA excretion. Hsp-Cu(II) treatment significantly suppressed oxidative stress and inflammatory in the kidney, reduced the contents of cytokines and inhibited the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway. Hsp-Cu(II) complex reduced serum UA and protected kidneys from renal inflammatory damage and oxidative stress by modulating the NLRP3 pathway. Hsp-Cu(II) complex may be a promising dietary supplement or nutraceutical for the therapy of hyperuricemia.

Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1229 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCFM1228 Alleviated Depression- and Anxiety-Related Symptoms of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression in Mice by Regulating Xanthine Oxidase Activity in the Brain.

Depression is a common mood disorder that affects around 350 million people worldwide. We studied the effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains for the treatment of depression. Except for control group (n = 8), C57BL/6J mice were treated with Lactobacillus during six weeks of chronic unpredictable stress (depression group: n = 9, Lactobacillus intervention group: n = 7). L. paracasei CCFM1229 and L. rhamnosus CCFM1228 significantly reduced depressive behaviour in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, significantly reduced anxiety behaviour in the open field test, and reduced anxiety behaviour in the marble burying test and light/dark box test. L. paracasei CCFM1229 and L. rhamnosus CCFM1228 significantly increased the brain serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, and CCFM1229 significantly decreased the serum corticosterone concentration, all of which are closely associated with the relief of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 were shown to regulate purine metabolism in mice, as indicated by decreases in brain xanthine oxidase activity and an increase in liver adenosine deaminase activity. Anxiety- and depression-related indicators were significantly associated with xanthine oxidase activity in the cerebral cortex. The strains CCFM1229 and CCFM1228 reduced anxiety- and depression-related behaviour in a mouse model of chronic stress-induced depression, which may be achieved by regulating the activity of brain xanthine oxidase.

In vitro and in vivo ameliorative effects of polyphenols from purple potato leaves on renal injury and associated inflammation induced by hyperuricemia.

In the present study, the ameliorative effects of polyphenols from purple potato leaves (PSPLP) on hyperuricemia were investigated. HPLC-MS analysis showed that PSPLP was mainly composed of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (84%). PSPLP inhibited the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in monosodium urate-induced RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, PSPLP significantly inhibited the level of uric acid in hyperuricemia mice from 209.6 to 166.6μM, and significantly interfered with the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase in liver, the activity of XOD decreased from 13.5 to 11.6 U/gprot. PSPLP can decrease serum creatinine level from 105 to 59μM, and urea nitrogen level from 21.9 to 14.1mM, which can effectively protect kidney. These results provide a reference for future research and application of PSPLP as a functional food to intervene hyperuricemia and associated inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study evaluated the effect of polyphenols from purple potato leaves (PSPLP) on hyperuricemia. The results suggested that PSPLP has an important role in the intervention of hyperuricemia and hyperuricemic-related inflammation or renal injury, and can be used in the application of functional foods. These results provided a basis for further study on the biological activities of polyphenols from purple sweet potato leaves.

Activation of AMP Deaminase and Adenosine Deaminase in the Liver during Ammonia Poisoning and Hepatitis

We studied the effect of acute ammonia poisoning and CCl4-induced subacute hepatitis on activities of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase in rat liver. Both models of liver failure were accompanied by an increase in activities of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase in the cytoplasmic fraction of the liver (by 2.4-4.2 times compared to the control). A direct correlation was found between activities of AMP deaminase and adenosine deaminase. We believe that two parallel pathways of AMP degradation are activated simultaneously, which leads to rapid depletion of adenylate reserves under pathological conditions.

The activities of liver adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide after cisplatin toxicity in rats: protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity through adenosine deaminase (AD), xanthine oxidase (XO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in liver tissue of rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control group (n = 6), cisplatin group (n = 9) and CAPE + cisplatin group (n = 8). All the chemicals used were applied intraperitoneally. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the activities of the above-mentioned enzymes in the liver tissue. NO level and XO activity were found to be increased in the cisplatin group compared to the control group. NO level was found to be decreased in the cisplatin + CAPE group in comparison with the cisplatin group. There was no significant change in the activity of XO between the cisplatin and cisplatin + CAPE groups. The activity of SOD was lower in the cisplatin group than both the control and cisplatin + CAPE groups. There was no significant change in the activity of CAT between the control and cisplatin groups. CAT activity was increased in the cisplatin + CAPE group compared to the cisplatin group. The AD activity and MDA level remained unchanged in all groups. The results obtained suggested that CAPE significantly attenuated the hepatotoxicity as an indirect target of cisplatin in an animal model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Adenosine deaminase isoenzymes of the opossum Didelphis virginiana: initial chromatographic and kinetic studies

Extracts of liver and spleen were used to isolate opossum adenosine deaminase isoenzymes (ADA, and ADA2) and to determine their activities with adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine as substrates. K m values (μM) for adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine, respectively, as substrates for partially purified opossum liver adenosine deaminase isoenzymes were ADA,: 57 ± 7 vs. 26 ± 4 and ADA 2: 285 ± 25 vs. 580 ± 92. In crude spleen extract, ADA 2 activity was stable at 56°C during 40 min of incübation. ADA 1 activity declined in a linear fashion under the above conditions with an apparent T 1 2 of 80 min. Sephadex G-150 column chromatography of crude spleen extract showed the apparent molecular weight of the ADA activity not inhibited by (±)-EHNA (i.e. ADA 2) to be 170 kDa; ADA activity fully inhibited by (±)-EHNA (i.e. ADA,) eluted in the fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 35 kDa.

Characterization of the forms of bovine liver adenosine deaminase

1. 1. The A and C forms of bovine liver adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase; EC 3.5.4.4) have been separated. 2. 2. The proportion of two forms is dependent on ionic strength of solution. 3. 3. By gel filtration, in presence of 6 M urea, the A form is dissociated into the C form and the binding factor and both are also separated. By removal of urea the A form is again obtained. 4. 4. The molecular weights of two forms and binding factor, kinetic parameters have been determined.

Deoxycoformycin toxicity in mice after long-term treatment.

Deoxycoformycin, a tight-binding inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine deaminase, is a potent lymphocytotoxic agent. To examine the effect of deoxycoformycin on mouse tissues the drug was administered IP either by single or by repeated injections at one of two dose levels (0.2 or 10.0 mg/kg). Treatment with repeated injections at the higher dose caused retardation of growth and increases in lung and splenic mass. Body temperature, hematocrit, and total leukocyte count remained constant. Single injections at the lower dose caused complete inhibition of adenosine deaminase in liver and blood, and partial inhibition in jejunum and spleen, but at the higher dose complete inhibition of the enzyme in all tissues was obtained. Dosage appeared to have no effect on the rate of recovery of the deoxycoformycin-inhibited enzyme but marked tissue differences were observed. The enzymic activity recovered rapidly in jejunum (100% in 1 day) but slowly in other tissues (after 28 days, about 60% in spleen and liver; about 85% in kidney and blood, and 100% in lungs). These observations suggest that the recovery of inhibited enzyme depends largely upon the rate of proliferation of cells and protein synthesis. These tissue differences in recovery rates may play a role in the pharmacological and chemotherapeutic behavior of this drug.

Some tissue specific differences in adenosine deaminase

1. 1. Preliminary studies of duodenal and liver adenosine deaminase in the chicken and frog ( Rana grylio) have revealed large differences in relative substrate specificities between these tissues in the frog and large differences in activation energy between these tissues in chickens. 2. 2. A more extensive analysis of adenosine deaminases in liver and duodenum of chickens have shown that these enzymes exhibit different relative substrate specificities and Michaelis constants, as well as activation energies. 3. 3. On the basis of these results, we have concluded that there are tissue specific adenosine deaminases in these organisms.

Effect of x-irradiation on purine-metabolizing enzymes of rat liver and spleen.

SummaryWhole-body X-irradiation (600 r) had no effect on the activities of rat liver adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase studied at intervals over a 10-day period following exposure. The specific activity of spleen nucleoside phosphorylase increased, although the total organ enzyme activity was reduced as a result of the decrease in spleen size.