Additional Questions Research Articles

Knowledge and awareness of ocular allergy among undergraduate students at a public university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT Background: Ocular allergy (OA) is one of the most common disorders worldwide, affecting millions of individuals of all ages. Public education about the disease is critical for lowering the prevalence of OAs. The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level of OA among undergraduate students at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a self-administered online questionnaire. A total of six multiple choice questions were used to assess awareness of OA with a maximum possible score of 6. In addition, nine checkboxes and multiple-choice questions were used to evaluate knowledge of ocular allergy with a maximum possible score of 21. Results: The study included 591 participants. The average awareness score was 3.1 ± 1.47 points. The average knowledge score was 9.41 ± 4.04 points. The average knowledge and awareness score was lower in males than in females. A higher age (>27 years) was associated with better knowledge of OA (B = 3.62, P = 0.008). The Internet was the most common source of information mentioned by the respondents (26.3%). Conclusion: Our study showed that Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University undergraduate students had moderate knowledge and awareness of OA. Thus, additional effort is required to enhance the knowledge and awareness of OA.

Data Mining Technique for Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder

Early detection of autistic symptoms can help lower overall medical expenses, which is beneficial given that autism is a developmental disease that is associated with high medical costs. To assess whether or not a kid may have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), screening for ASD involves asking the child's parents, caregivers, and other members of the child's immediate family a series of questions. The current methods for screening for autism, such as the autistic quotient (AQ), might require a significant number of questions in addition to careful question design, which can make an autism examination more time-consuming. The effectiveness and reliability of the test could be improved, for example, by employing data mining strategies. It could be possible to create a system that can foretell ASD at an early stage and give patients, caregivers, and medical professionals dependable and precise findings on the probable need for expert diagnostic services. This research aims to develop a reliable model for estimating the likelihood of an individual being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 4 and 17. To identify varying degrees of autism, one such model was constructed by utilizing the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. Mining data is typically understood to be a decision-making process that enables more effective utilization of available resources in terms of overall performance. The results showed that the suggested prediction model, which used the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, could find ASD with an average error of 0.03% and an accuracy of up to 94.5%.

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Pada Materi Penjumlahan Dan Pengurangan di Kelas II SDN 1 Selojari

Lower elementary school students usually have difficulty solving arithmetic puzzles. This is caused by variables inhibiting students, including lack of focus and low motivation to learn. This research was conducted to determine the proficiency of class II students at SD 1 Selojari in answering addition and subtraction questions through the use of narrative questions. The aim of the qualitative method of this research which uses a qualitative descriptive approach is to characterize mathematical problem solving abilities. The technique for selecting subjects in this research is using a purposive sampling technique, which is a technique for determining samples with various specific considerations using 11 class II students at SD 1 Selojari. The data collection techniques used were interview, observation and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses data collection, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The mathematical problem solving ability of second grade elementary school students in addition and subtraction material is quite high, namely 90%, as seen in the students' ability to work on the questions given and get high scores. The results of this research show that one in three students are still unable to solve problem questions and still need help.

Human Resource Assessment and Sustainability : Investigating the Measurability of Human Activity

Sustainability, as a complex set of goals, has many possible interpretations and approaches the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out in the document have 169 sub-goals, of which Goal 10 is "reduced inequalities". There are 10 sub-goals linked to this goal, the first of which is aimed at reducing income inequality. Employers have direct responsibility and considerable leeway to develop fair wage systems. For HR professionals, the practical implementation of this is a major task, and their knowledge can therefore be a key factor in achieving SDG 10. In our research, we sought to answer the question of what future HR professionals know about the accounting measurability of human performance and how they assess its monetary valuation. In our view, HR professionals who are aware of the issues of human performance measurement and recognize the fundamental problems can play a significant role in meeting SDG 10. In our primary research, we surveyed 448 undergraduate human resources students from early December 2022 to the end of January 2023 using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire contains closed and open questions in addition to demographic data. Our research shows that the value of human activity is not well expressed in monetary terms, which implies that wages and the value of work are not closely related.

Discussion of “Water distribution characteristics of capillary absorption in internally cured concrete with superabsorbent polymers”

In March 2024 Construction and Building Materials published “Water distribution characteristics of capillary absorption in internally cured concrete with superabsorbent polymers”, which claims to present a water distribution model characterising the spatiotemporal moisture content evolution in internally cured concrete with superabsorbent polymers during capillary absorption. This discussion, considered a post-publication critique, establishes that the paper’s water distribution model conflicts with the paper’s capillary absorption tests. While the model is based on the premise of the square-root-of-time behaviour of capillary absorption, the tests do not demonstrate that square-root-of-time behaviour. This critique in addition questions the paper’s forthright application of the power-law diffusivity expression with exponent 4, given that its validity for the paper’s materials has not been verified. It is shown that different but equivalent diffusivity expressions lead to different moisture diffusivities at lower moisture contents.

THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES OF LIVESTOCK DEALERS IN WASIT PROVINCE, IRAQ REGARDING ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS

This study aims to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices about diseases transmitted to humans from animals. The sample of the study is 77 persons working as breeders, fatteners, and sellers of cows and sheep in the countryside of wasit, Iraq. Those people answered some sociodemographic questions in addition to another three kinds of questions (knowledge attitudes and practices), the level score of knowledge was calculated by giving one point to every question. Participants were 72, and their average age was 45 years. The respondents whom had previously been infected were %87.6% of the respondents, however, 58.6% did not know that they infected from a healthy animal. Only 12.6% of the respondents received training on animal husbandry. The participants who had agricultural education were 37.6% of the participants. Those who know un-boiled milk can transmitted diseases were %65 of the and 96% of whom used to consume un-boiled milk. In this study, the lifetime prevalence of contracting diseases from animals was found to be 5.6%. Wearing gloves 36.2% while only % 28 of the participants was wearing masks. Who did not use any personal protective equipment were %13. Using raw milk was common among those who did not know that raw milk would be infected (p = 0.02). The participants were well informed about the disease transmitted from animals but they had less knowledge that poultry was also a source of infection (P <0.001). Participants do not demonstrate simple personal protective behaviour. Zoonotic diseases can be effectively addressed through the practice of occupational pathology, regional protection, the necessity of using personal protective equipment, and participation in training, especially in how to use it.

Randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum in reducing plaque and gingivitis in adolescent orthodontic patients

ObjectivesChewing gums containing antiseptics or other antimicrobial substances may be effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Therefore, the aim of this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum containing essential oils (cinnamon, lemon, peppermint) and extracts on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis as well as on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescent orthodontic patients.Materials52 patients (11-22 years of age) were randomly assigned to use a test chewing gum (COVIDGUM, Clevergum) or a commercially available control chewing gum over a period of 10 days. Approximal plaque index (API), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and an OHRQoL questionnaire for children (COHIP-G19) were assessed at baseline (BL), after 10 days (10d) and 30 days (30d). In addition, oral health and oral hygiene related questions of the COHIP-G19 questionnaire were evaluated separately in subscales at each timepoint. Data were analyzed using non-parametrical statistical procedures (α = 0.05).ResultsAPI and PBI decreased significantly over time from BL to 10d and from BL to 30d in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. In both groups, the COHIP-G19 score, oral health subscale and oral hygiene subscale decreased significantly over time. Regarding the oral hygiene subscale, the test group showed significantly better scores at 30d (p = 0.011).ConclusionBoth chewing gums performed similarly effective in terms of reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and improving OHRQoL.Clinical relevanceChewing gums without antimicrobial ingredients may be sufficient to decrease plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.

Abstract 852: Measuring the level of knowledge and awareness about radon in Northeast Tennessee

Abstract Introduction: Radon, a radioactive gas found in soil and rocks, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States (1). Despite its significant health risks, radon awareness and knowledge remain low (2). In Tennessee, where geological factors contribute to elevated radon levels, understanding the levels of awareness and knowledge about radon is crucial (3). This study focuses on Northeast Tennessee, an area known for its high radon concentrations. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted from September to November 2023, aims to assess radon awareness and knowledge among participants from seven Northeast Tennessee health councils. These councils play a critical role in public health initiatives and provide access to individuals actively involved in health-related discussions. A convenience sample of 150 participants was chosen from an email listserv of 650 health council members. Participants, aged 18 or older, affiliated with the health councils in the study area, and physically present in the US, were eligible to participate. Demographic data, radon knowledge and awareness were assessed. Additional questions evaluated information sources, concern levels, and willingness to inform the community about radon. Conclusion: This research addresses a significant knowledge gap regarding radon awareness and knowledge in Northeast Tennessee, an area with unique geological factors that elevate radon exposure risks. The study's findings will contribute to the development of targeted educational campaigns and interventions, ultimately promoting awareness and proactive measures to mitigate radon exposure in the region. With the potential to inform policy and public health efforts, this study holds the promise of reducing the health risks associated with radon in Northeast Tennessee. Citation Format: Kawther Al ksir, Stacy Stanifer, Megan Quinn, Hadii Mamudu, Deborah Slawson. Measuring the level of knowledge and awareness about radon in Northeast Tennessee [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 852.

Medical Students' Knowledge, Attitudes Toward, and Identification of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trauma-Informed Care.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic experiences that occur prior to age 18 years and can have a long-term impact on adult physical and mental health. Knowledge of ACEs, including the link between ACEs and health, and trauma-informed care (TIC), is essential for medical professionals to ensure respectful and compassionate care for those with a history of childhood adversity. This study examined medical students' knowledge, attitudes toward, and identification of ACEs and TIC to inform curricular efforts. Using a cross-sectional design, students were recruited from 2 medical schools, one allopathic (medical degree) and one osteopathic (doctor of osteopathic medicine degree) to complete an electronic needs assessment survey. The survey included a patient vignette to assess students' ability to identify ACEs as contributing factors to patient health. The students were blind to the full purpose of the study to obtain an objective measurement of their ability to identify ACEs as contributors to patient health. Additional questions targeting knowledge and attitudes of ACEs and TIC were devised from previously published surveys with supplemental study-designed questions. Two hundred forty students completed the survey. Results demonstrated variable ability to identify ACEs; strong general knowledge of ACEs, with less developed practical knowledge; and overall positive attitudes toward ACEs and TIC. No differences were found between the medical degree and doctor of osteopathic medicine degree, or year in program. Medical students would benefit from curricular efforts that help to increase knowledge of the link between ACEs and health, increase practical application of ACEs and TIC, and improve their ability to identify ACEs in clinical scenarios.

Attention Autism™ training for occupational therapists: a pilot study

Purpose At present, there is no reference to Attention Autism (AA) as a framework and therapeutic tool with autistic children in occupational therapy (OT) literature. By way of introducing AA as a potential intervention to the OT community, this study aims to investigate the extent to which participation in a two-day AA training could contribute to increasing confidence and inspire changes in practice for Irish occupational therapists (OTs) supporting autistic children. Design/methodology/approach A pilot study design with mixed qualitative and quantitative methods was used to evaluate the impact of a two-day AA training on six OTs. The OTs support autistic children throughout Ireland across public, private and voluntary sectors. They completed brief, non-standardised questionnaires 2 weeks before the training (Time 1) and again 12 weeks post (Time 2) training session. At Time 2, additional exploratory questions were answered by OTs regarding their use of AA in practice. Findings This explorative study’s quantitative findings presented percentage change increases within three areas of confidence for all OTs. These include establishing attention, motivating and developing functional skill goals with autistic children. One of the participants did not score any change in confidence in a fourth area, building rapport, however, the five other participants scored percentage change increases. Qualitative data provided by participants showed that they were implementing AA in practice since attending the training. Five of the participants reported positive experiences of using AA and one participant reported the programme was not suitable for her caseload because of their level of understanding and need. Research limitations/implications This was a small, exploratory, practice-based study. As this is the first study exploring this area of practice for OTs, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there were no standardised methods of assessment available, therefore a self-designed survey was used by the author which had a limited number of open-ended questions and four Likert scale questions. This study was also limited in that there was one main researcher who also delivered the two-day AA training. The sample data set was small which resulted in the limitation of the choice of methods used to analyse the quantitative data. Percentage changes were used as the only available and reliable method for a small data set. Originality/value Findings of this study, despite their preliminary nature, indicate that AA training may be a useful professional development consideration for OTs who provide a service for autistic children. Further AA research in OT is required including larger and more rigorous studies. An alternative training option of The Curiosity Programme may be considered for OTs supporting children who may not yet be ready to participate in AA.

(161) Is there a Difference in Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Mechanical Failure and Infections Rates in Relation to Prostate Cancer Treatment Modality (Radiation Therapy vs Radical Prostatectomy)

Abstract Introduction Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP) implantation as a treatment for ED has high satisfaction rates in the general population; however, there is limited literature on quantification of complication rates as stratified by ED etiology. Objective Our aim was to compare mechanical failure and infection rates in patients undergoing IPP implantation for ED following Radical Prostatectomy (RP) versus radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer. Methods A retrospective chart review from our institutional database was conducted to identify 405 patients who underwent IPP placement at our institution from 2015–2019, then selecting for those whose etiology of ED was following RP or RT. To prevent crossover confounding; patients with history of pelvic radiation or salvage radiotherapy were excluded from the RP group and patients with history of RP were excluded from the RT group. Data was obtained from 75 patients who met criteria for inclusion: 44 patients in the RP group and 31 patients in the RT group. Mechanical failure, infection rates, mean EDITS scores and additional survey questions were compared between the radiation and RP groups. Results Patient demographic information and IPP complication and satisfaction rates are listed below in Table 1 and Figure 1. There was a statistically significant difference in number of patients experiencing IPP complications, 19.4% (n=6) of patients in the RT cohort and 4.5% (n=2) in the RP cohort, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference found in stratified complications- infection rates, device erosion rates, mechanical failure rates, or device removal and/or replacement rates between the two groups. The RP cohort had a significantly higher mean Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire score versus the RT cohort, 91.58 to 76.02, respectively. Conclusions These preliminary findings, while requiring large-scale follow up, suggest that there is a higher rate of IPP related complications in patients with device placement following RT for prostate cancer versus RP. Disclosure No.

PROTOCOL: Street outreach conflict mediation programs for reducing violence.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: This systematic review will synthesize the available evaluation research on the effectiveness of street outreach conflict mediation programs. The review seeks to answer the following primary question: Are street outreach worker strategies that use conflict mediation and/or violence interruption strategies effective at reducing violence? Assuming a sufficient number of eligible studies, this review will also address two additional questions: Are there certain program elements that render these strategies more or less effective? Are there certain conditions under which these strategies are more or less effective? As policymakers struggle to understand the policy options available to them for preventing and reducing violence, having clear answers to these three questions will help them make more informed decisions. The primary focus of this review is the effect of these strategies on violence. Nonetheless, when data are available we will collect information on secondary outcomes such as the cost-effectiveness of these strategies and their impacts on perceptual or attitudinal measures such as fear, perceived safety, and violence-related norms.

A prospective cohort study exploring the impact of tonsillectomy on feeding difficulties in children.

Paediatric feeding difficulties are common, affecting up to 25% of otherwise healthy children, symptoms include food refusal, gagging, choking, and excessive mealtime duration. These symptoms are commonly described in pre-operative discussions about tonsillectomy. This prospective study explores the impact of tonsillectomy on paediatric feeding difficulties. This prospective cohort study invited caregivers of children undergoing tonsillectomy to complete a PediEAT questionnaire about their children's feeding behaviours, pre and post-operatively. The study was completed in two phases with 9 questions administered in phase 1 and three additional questions added for phase 2. A free text comments box was also provided. Responses were graded from 0 to 5, where 0 is 'never a problem' and 5 is 'always a problem' with eating behaviours. The study was conducted at our institution, a tertiary paediatric ENT unit. Children aged between 6 months - 7 years undergoing tonsillectomy for any indication were invited to participate. Changes to the Pedi-EAT scores pre and post operatively were the main outcome measure. 102 participants were recruited between January 2020 and January 2022. The mean age of participants was 4.1 years, 87% had a concurrent adenoidectomy. The mean time to completion of post-operative questionnaire was 23 weeks after surgery. 9 of the 12 questions showed a statistically significant improvement in post-operative scores using a paired student t-test (p < 0.05). The most significant improvements related to 'gets tired from eating and is not able to finish' (1.49 pre-op, 0.91 post op, p < 0.01) and 'eats food that needs to be chewed' (1.4 pre-op, 0.72 post-op, p < 0.01). 13% of participants only underwent tonsillectomy and this group also showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue during eating (p < 0.05). Symptoms of fatigue during eating and avoidance of food requiring mastication are most likely to improve following tonsillectomy in children.

Validating the Teacher Version of Pediatric Symptom Checklist–17 in Chinese Elementary Schools

Before adopting a scale for a new culture, researchers should conduct systematic translation procedures and evaluations to ensure its psychometric quality. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist–17 (PSC-17) is a brief and valid scale developed by American researchers to evaluate children’s emotional, attentional, and behavioral problems. This study aimed to adapt the PSC-17 to a Chinese version for use in elementary school settings. In this process, 74 teachers rated 666 students using the PSC-17. These students were also assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and additional questions (e.g., teachers’ referral status and demographic information). The scale was successfully translated into simplified Chinese using a standard procedure. Factor analysis supported a general factor model for the PSC-17. Furthermore, decent criterion validity and internal consistency were verified. Finally, a cut-off score of 17 was established, slightly higher than the original cut-off score of 15. We concluded that the PSC-17 is a high-quality screening tool in Chinese elementary schools. The findings are particularly relevant to researchers investigating children’s emotional, attentional, and behavioral development within the Chinese cultural context.

Development of the conversation tool "I-HARP for COPD" for early identification of palliative care needs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This study aimed to develop the conversation tool "I-HARP for COPD" for timely identification of palliative care needs in Dutch patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An iterative and participatory research design was used to develop "I-HARP for COPD". There were 2 phases to the development of "I-HARP for COPD": content development and testing. A review of current literature, parallel focus groups, and a questionnaire among experts were used to develop the content of "I-HARP for COPD". "I-HARP for COPD" was then assessed by health-care professionals (HCPs) in clinical practice for understanding, difficulty, and relevance. A total of 46 HCPs, 6 patients, 1 informal caregiver, and 1 bereaved informal caregiver participated in this study. "I-HARP for COPD" included 14 screening questions, additional in-depth questions, and recommendations to address identified needs. The content of "I-HARP for COPD" was accepted by 86.2% of the HCPs. "I-HARP for COPD" was successfully developed for providing guidance in the palliative care of Dutch patients with COPD and their informal caregivers. By supporting HCPs with "I-HARP for COPD", they are better able to timely identify and direct palliative care needs.

Is ChatGPT a trusted source of information for total hip and knee arthroplasty patients?

While internet search engines have been the primary information source for patients' questions, artificial intelligence large language models like ChatGPT are trending towards becoming the new primary source. The purpose of this study was to determine if ChatGPT can answer patient questions about total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) with consistent accuracy, comprehensiveness, and easy readability. We posed the 20 most Google-searched questions about THA and TKA, plus ten additional postoperative questions, to ChatGPT. Each question was asked twice to evaluate for consistency in quality. Following each response, we responded with, "Please explain so it is easier to understand," to evaluate ChatGPT's ability to reduce response reading grade level, measured as Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Five resident physicians rated the 120 responses on 1 to 5 accuracy and comprehensiveness scales. Additionally, they answered a "yes" or "no" question regarding acceptability. Mean scores were calculated for each question, and responses were deemed acceptable if ≥ four raters answered "yes." The mean accuracy and comprehensiveness scores were 4.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.19 to 4.33) and 3.79 (95% CI 3.69 to 3.89), respectively. Out of all the responses, 59.2% (71/120; 95% CI 50.0% to 67.7%) were acceptable. ChatGPT was consistent when asked the same question twice, giving no significant difference in accuracy (t = 0.821; p = 0.415), comprehensiveness (t = 1.387; p = 0.171), acceptability (χ2 = 1.832; p = 0.176), and FKGL (t = 0.264; p = 0.793). There was a significantly lower FKGL (t = 2.204; p = 0.029) for easier responses (11.14; 95% CI 10.57 to 11.71) than original responses (12.15; 95% CI 11.45 to 12.85). ChatGPT answered THA and TKA patient questions with accuracy comparable to previous reports of websites, with adequate comprehensiveness, but with limited acceptability as the sole information source. ChatGPT has potential for answering patient questions about THA and TKA, but needs improvement.

Perceived stress among dental students and the role of parental influence in career decision-making.

The current study aimed to assess perceived stress levels among dental students at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the influence of parental roles in their decision to pursue dentistry as a potential source of social stress. This cross-sectional study employed the validated Dental Environmental Stress (DES) Scale to evaluate perceived stress, and incorporated additional questions to fulfill the research aim. We approached all undergraduate dental students at King Saud University, both male and female, across all academic years, using online channels (such as emails, WhatsApp, Twitter, etc.) and hard copy distribution. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20, utilizing descriptive and correlation statistics. A total of 326 students participated in the study, with an even distribution of male and female students. Female students reported higher levels of stress compared to their male counterparts across most DES domains. A notable correlation emerged between mean DES scores in certain domains and influence of parents in the decision to pursue dentistry. Our findings indicate that female dental students experience higher stress levels than males in all examined areas, barring social stressors. Furthermore, the study underscores the significant impact of parental involvement in choosing dentistry as a career on students' stress level.

Mental health problems, sleep quality and overuse injuries in advanced Swedish rock-climbers – the CLIMB study

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep quality, and disability due to overuse injuries in advanced and elite rock-climbers. The rock-climbers were compared to a group of non-climbing controls.MethodsA self-selected sample of advanced and elite Swedish rock-climbing athletes was recruited through the Swedish Rock-climbing Federation, local rock-climbing gyms and through social media. A control group, matched in size was recruited. Participants in the control group answered an online survey of validated questionnaires, examining symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality. The climbing participants answered the same survey as the non-climbing controls but with additional questions regarding musculoskeletal problems and disabilities related to these. Outcome measures used were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire.ResultsA total of 183 participants were included in the rock-climbing group, and 180 participants in the control group. In the rock-climbing group the mean age (SD) was 28.2 (8.3) years among women and 30.5 (9.6) years in men. The mean BMI of women was 21.2 (2.2) and 22.8 (2.1) in men. A total of 30.6% of the rock-climbing group (26.7% of men, 35.9% of women) reported at least moderate levels of symptoms of depression and 23.1% (17.2% men, 30.8% women) at least moderate levels of symptoms of anxiety. A total of 48.4% of rock-climbers (39.1% men, and 61.6% women) reported at least moderate levels of symptoms of stress. Among the rock-climbers, 45.0% reported having poor sleep quality. There were no statistical significant differences (p = 0.052–0.96) in mental health problems or sleeping problems between the rock-climbers and the controls. Among rock-climbers, reports of one-week prevalence of injury related problems was: Finger and hand (49.5%), Shoulder (35.2%), Knee (29.1%), Lumbar back (26.4%), Arm (25.3%), Thoracic back and neck (17.0%), and Foot and lower leg (12.1%).ConclusionThe overall results indicate high levels of symptoms of mental health problems and poor sleep quality in both rock-climbers and controls. Although no significant differences between the climbing group and the control group was displayed, symptoms that warrant clinical attention is high. Overuse injuries were commonly reported among the rock-climbers in all examined injury locations. Previous studies reporting mental health problems to be more prevalent among athletes were contradicted in this study. The results display the need for a broader perspective regarding climbers general health and the need to provide structured care and adequate support in order to come to terms with these concerns.

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Patient Experience in Relation to Hospital Nursing Care.

a questionnaire containing 29 items alongside socio-demographic questions was developed. It was distributed to 158 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital. The psychometric properties were assessed through principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate construct validity, employing Cronbach's alpha to test reliability. The final tool contains 17 items grouped into 5 dimensions: interrelations, nursing care, information during hospital stay, information about patient's rights, and discharge information. Two additional questions related to pain were added. The questionnaire showed adequate validity and reliability. we describe a new tool validated and adapted to the Spanish healthcare setting with adequate validity and reliability to assess patient experience with nursing professionals during hospital stay. This tool will serve to identify areas for improvement in hospital nursing care and as an instrument in the management and supervision of nursing teams.

Multimedia design for learner interest and achievement: a visual guide to pharmacology.

Medical education increasingly relies on digital learning materials. Despite recognition by the Association of American Medical Colleges Institute for Improving Medical Education, medical education design often fails to consider quality multimedia design principles. Further, the AAMC-IIME issued a call to study the role of design principles in medical education. Thus, the current study investigated the cognitive and affective effects of redesigning PowerPoint slides used to support pharmacology content during the preclinical years of medical school training. Researchers implemented a quasi-experimental design, using traditionally-designed (original) slides with a Traditional group (n = 100) and slides redesigned to follow principles from the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning with an Experimental group (n = 40). Participants in the Experimental group completed a post-survey incorporating the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia to indicate motivational engagement with the media. Students in the Experimental group also responded to additional preference questions. Researchers analyzed survey responses and students' scores in pharmacology-related coursework across the preclinical Foundations Phase of training to determine the impact on achievement and motivation. Findings related to learner achievement showed a modest but significant increase in the Experimental group compared to the Traditional group in the Cardiac, Pulmonary, and Renal (CPR) educational block (105%, normalized to Traditional group, p = 0.013) and cumulative pharmacology grades (101%, normalized to Traditional group, p = 0.043). Additionally, participants in the Experimental group indicated a significantly higher average triggered situational interest in redesigned slides (M = 4.85, SD = 0.25) than the original slides (M = 3.23, SD = 1.40, t=-6.33, p < 0.001). Similarly, the interest rating of the redesigned slides (M = 4.87, SD = 0.24) was significantly greater than that of the original slides (M = 3.89, SD = 0.86, t=-6.824, p < 0.001). Moreover, results further indicated significant differences in the maintained-feeling and maintained-value constructs, and all participants in the Experimental group indicated a preference for the redesigned slides. The findings provide strong evidence in support of using the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning design principles to intentionally design media in medical education. In addition to increased achievement scores, students in the Experimental group demonstrated significantly higher levels of situational interest in the redesigned slides, especially triggered interest and maintained-feeling interest. Medical education learning designers should seriously consider redesigning media to achieve similar results.