Additional Motivation Research Articles

Digital Educational Escape Rooms as E-courses Using D-EER4SmL: Investigation of Motivational Affordances

Research has shown that educational escape rooms (EERs) motivate and engage learners in the learning process, mainly due to the incorporation of game elements into their educational context. As a result, various frameworks have been proposed to design and develop EERs over the past few years. However, these frameworks fail to highlight the important "D"-digital factor of technology which transforms EERs into Digital Educational Escape Rooms (DEERs), as well as the smart pedagogy (SmP), which in turn goes beyond game-based approaches and is currently essential for the design and the development of well-orchestrated and reusable smart learning solutions. Due to the fact that technology increases motivation, this study introduces the work-in-progress framework D-EER4SmL, primarily based on John Keller's theory of ARCS and the 10-step systematic design process for the development of motivational e-courses, tailored to learners' preferences. The framework was aligned with various EER design principles, along with Smart Pedagogical (SmP) approaches, which could be facilitated by web technologies in order to design and develop DEERs as e-courses. To confirm the motivational aspect of smart learning and the assumption that digital technology provides additional motivation, a DEER e-course was developed, based on this framework. The DEER e-course was delivered to ICT students - future ICT teachers/e-learning educators - who would be trained in instructional/e-learning design utilizing web technologies. A total of 108 higher education students of digital systems voluntarily participated in the workflows of the DEER e-course, played the game, and evaluated motivational affordances (MAs), after completing it. Quantitative data analysis was conducted, based on an improvised questionnaire for DEERs, aligned with Keller’s Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). As far as motivation is concerned, the framework was proven effective in the initial research findings; however, further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness within the wider context of smart learning.

The Impact of Sustainability Considerations on Investment Intentions—The Case of Generation Y

When investing, the investment motives of return, liquidity, and risk play a role in decision-making. However, due to the increasing relevance of environmental and social issues and the higher availability of sustainable investments, sustainability is an additional investment motive. The attitude of an individual toward sustainability has implications for other investment motives. This paper examines the interplay between the established financial investment motives of return, liquidity, and risk on the one hand and sustainability considerations on the other hand, with a view to the Generation Y cohort. A questionnaire approach was used to collect data from randomly selected Generation Y retail banking customers from Germany. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. The findings of the paper confirm that there is a negatively directed relationship between the profit maximization motive and the green tradeoff intention. Furthermore, education moderates the relationship between the risk minimization motive and the green tradeoff intention. The paper contributes to different stakeholders. Practical implications result for retail banks and investment firms, which could continue to motivate Generation Y customers for sustainable investments and generate stronger financial education through targeted marketing and information campaigns.

Why are you cleaning beaches? A study on motivations of volunteer beach cleaners

Volunteers who clean beaches play a vital role in easing the harmful impact marine litter has on the environment. Understanding why people volunteer to clean beaches is important as it will help to predict the quality and quantity of participation. This study examines what motivates volunteers in beach clean-ups and identified different groups of volunteers based on their motivation. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively which included exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, and thematic analysis. Four motivations were found in the factor analysis: environmental values, recreation, social interaction, and career and personal growth. Furthermore, the thematic analysis revealed two additional motivations: hopelessness and aesthetics. Four different volunteer segments were validated, indicating that volunteers are motivated to participate in beach clean-ups for several reasons. This study provides an understanding of motivations for a previously under-researched group of volunteers and will guide organisations to recruit and retain volunteers.

USING THE ARDUINO PLATFORM IN THE RESEARCH OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Modern measuring systems used in the study of internal combustion engines require significant investments. The universal Arduino platform offers ready-made powerful hardware modules for data collection (shields) and control, which work in a wide range of frequencies and signal amplitudes, provide their analysis and processing, allow to implement equipment management, and have a relatively low cost and free software with standard libraries. These facts testify to the high relevance of the use of the Arduino platform in the study of internal combustion engines. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibilities and features of using the Arduino hardware and software platform in the study of processes occurring in energy power plants with internal combustion engines, early prototyping of their control and diagnostic systems. The paper considers the possibility of hardware and software connection of sensors for measuring basic physical quantities to the Arduino platform: crankshaft rotation frequency (based on induction sensors and Hall sensors), pressure, air and fuel flow, temperatures (resistance sensors and thermocouples). In addition, the characteristics (dependence of the measurement parameter on the output value) of some popular sensors used in the study of internal combustion engines are given. It is important to consider that the equipment used for the study of processes in the ICE must meet the certification requirements. In the case of Arduino, this certification may not be available. However, the recommendations for the use of various sensors, shields and Arduino boards can be applied if the measured quantity is not the determining factor. It is important to consider these limitations and use Arduino with an understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the platform. The use of Arduino in the educational process in the training of specialists in the field of power engineering and in the research of energy installations of vehicles will allow students to apply the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the learning process at the hardware and software levels, which will create additional motivation for further study devices and principles of operation of automated and automatic vehicle control systems.

조선후기 인척 세교(世交) - 노상추가와 해주 정씨가를 중심으로

This study is based on the diaries of Roh Sang-chu (1746-1829), a military officer in the late Joseon Dynasty, and shows the intergenerational contact between Gyeongju Roh and Haeju Jeong in the 18th century. In addition to the common history of being a military department for generations, the two families had been connected since their ancestors through academic and regional ties, and through the marriage of descendants of the two families, relations between in-laws were established and maintained. The three main factors of the two families contact are as follows in terms of academic ties, social relation capital, emotional empathy and ritual mutual aid. First, the two families lived in the Seonsan area of Gyeongsangbuk-do and responded together to local issues, including the restoration of ancestral tribute and the reconstruction of Seowon, based on their academic ties with the Yeongnam Sarim faction. Second, Noh Sang-chu was able to obtain information about examinations and government life from his Haeju Jeong in-laws, who were former and current military officials, and the social relation capital he built up with the Chungs provided him with additional motivation and guidance to become military life. Third, there was an emotional consensus among the members of the two families to share their leisure and cultural activities. Fourth, Roh and Chung's in-laws attended each other's mourning ceremonies, consoled each other, and helped with various Confucian wedding and funeral rites to complete the ritual. By analysing the intergenerational contact between the Roh and Jeong families in the 18th century, this study highlights the importance of the study of in-laws, which has been neglected in the academic field, and shows that in-laws in the Yangban families of the Chosun Dynasty were very close emotionally and mentally.

Pengaruh Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah 02 Medan

This research aims to evaluate the influence of extracurricular activities on students' learning motivation at SMP Muhammadiyah 02 Medan. Extrinsic motivation is often needed to encourage students who lack an internal drive to learn, especially at elementary school age, where play activities are often more interesting than learning. It is hoped that extracurricular activities can function as a source of additional motivation and improve student learning outcomes. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data is collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The research results show that the significance value of the t test for the extracurricular activity variable is 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05, and the calculated t of 1.848 is smaller than the t table of 2.052. Thus, the hypothesis that extracurricular activities influence learning motivation. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.112 indicates that only 11.2% of the variation in learning motivation can be explained by extracurricular activities, while the remainder (88.8%) is influenced by other factors outside this research. These findings indicate that although extracurricular activities are an important element, their influence on students' learning motivation at SMP Muhammadiyah 02 Medan is not significant.

Association between dietary fat intake and history of stroke in US adults: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018

ABSTRACT Objectives Diet is an important target for primary prevention of stroke. There are mixed findings on the relationship between dietary fat intake and stroke. We aimed to investigate the relationship of stroke with fats, including total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Methods We analysed data on 27,673 participants who had valid data on dietary fat intake and history of stroke from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018. History of stroke was defined according to previous diagnosis by doctors or other health professional. Data on 24-h dietary recalls was collected using Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, total calories, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were adjusted in multivariable models. Results 3.8% (n = 1,054) of participants had a diagnosis of stroke. History of stroke was inversely associated with total fat (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.79–0.99, P = 0.037), SFA (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.23–0.91) and MUFA (OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02–0.38, P = 0.002) from supplements. There was an inverse association between history of stroke and PUFA intake (from diet: quartile 4 vs quartile 1, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43–0.78, P for trend = 0.003; from supplements: OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27–0.72, P = 0.001). Conclusions In this large-scale nationally representative study, stroke is inversely associated with fat intake from supplements and PUFA intake from diet. While lifestyle choices may not be the most vital health factor for stroke patients, increasing fat intake from specific supplements does provide additional motivation for undertaking the difficult challenge of stroke prevention.

Supervisi Klinis dalam Peningkatan Kompetensi Profesionalisme Guru

Enhancing teachers' professional competence is a key factor in improving the quality of education. One effort to achieve this goal is through clinical supervision. Clinical supervision is a systematic and collaborative approach that involves the observation, evaluation, and coaching of teachers' teaching practices. This method aims to help teachers identify their strengths and weaknesses and provide the necessary guidance for continuous improvement. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data were collected through direct observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and supervisors, and the analysis of relevant documents. The research subjects consisted of junior high school teachers who had received clinical supervision for one semester. The data analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. The results of the study show that clinical supervision has a positive impact on enhancing teachers' professional competence. Teachers who received clinical supervision demonstrated improvements in lesson planning, the implementation of the teaching-learning process, and the evaluation and reflection of learning activities. Moreover, the collaborative relationship between teachers and supervisors also provides additional motivation for teachers to continuously develop their professional skills. These findings indicate that clinical supervision can be an effective strategy for improving the quality of education through the development of teachers' professionalism

A qualitative exploration of food choice motives of urban indigenous food gatekeepers in Fiji: Implications for the use of the food choice questionnaire

Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have exceptionally high rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases. The causes are complex but one prominent factor is the notable shift from traditional plant and seafood diets to diets high in unhealthy processed foods. Literature is sparse on the motives behind food choice decisions of Pacific Islanders. The widely used Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) (Steptoe et al., 1995) is a multi-dimensional tool capturing nine potential food choice motives. This study used a hybrid thematic analysis. Fourteen in-depth semi-structured interviews with urban indigenous Fijian mothers were conducted to (1) explore how the nine FCQ motives impact food choice (2) to examine conceptual equivalence of the nine FCQ motives and (3) to identify additional food choice motives, not captured in the FCQ. Mothers identified seven of the nine FCQ motives (i.e., health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, weight control and familiarity) and three new food choice motives (i.e., food that is filling, religious dietary restrictions and food quality) as important determinants of food choice. Moreover, while choosing foods that promote health and well-being was identified as an important food choice motive, mothers also identified four other motives, that they considered important, which lead to over-eating and unhealthy eating. Food choice is a complex, layered decision, driven by multiple considerations, some more important than others. These findings can inform diet-related interventions and policy within this community. Adapting the FCQ for broader PIC use through further qualitative exploration in PICs, and validating the adapted FCQ with larger samples will enhance its utility in measuring food choice motives in PICs.

E-mmortal: Death Anxiety is Related to Selfie Behaviors.

Given the widespread phenomenon of selfies, numerous studies are examining the motivations behind taking and sharing selfies. The current paper suggests an additional possible motivation, namely, decreasing death anxiety. People are motivated to decrease their death anxiety by preserving a fake feeling of immortality. One known way to achieve this goal is by using photography. Therefore, we suggest that selfie behaviors are a way to fulfill the need to remain immortal. A hundred undergraduate students (Mage = 22.33) answered self-reported questionnaires regarding selfie motivations, selfie-taking frequency, selfie-sharing frequency, and death anxiety. All of those selfie measurements were indeed positively related to death anxiety. Moreover, many previous studies suggested that narcissism motivates selfie behaviors. In an exploratory approach, we examined whether death anxiety mediates this relationship. Indeed, death anxiety fully mediated the relationships between narcissism and selfie motivations and between narcissism and selfie-taking frequency, suggesting that the well-documented association between selfie behaviors and narcissism might be driven by death anxiety. Those preliminary results indicate that death anxiety is associated with selfie behaviors, opening new avenues for understanding the motivations underlying selfie behaviors.

The influence of the health status and functional capacity assessment of older people with heart failure on the participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program after myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction (MI), conducted by a multidisciplinary team, is considered to be the most effective secondary prevention strategy. CR might be particularly beneficial in older patients, who often suffer from heart failure (HF) and other comorbidities. Low enrolment in CR programs is observed in various age groups despite the proven effectiveness of CR in the reduction of subsequent ischemic episodes, hospitalization, and mortality risk. Purpose The study aimed to analyze the impact of the health status and functional capacity assessment of elderly patients with HF using the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) scale on the willingness to participate in the CR program as part of the national Comprehensive Care Program after Myocardial Infarction. Methods The analysis of the medical records of MI patients, who were hospitalized between 2017 and 2023 and met the inclusion criteria for CR was performed. People included in the study were ≥60 years of age and had previously been diagnosed with HF. The study included 350 people who underwent VES-13 assessment during hospitalization. The median age of the studied group was 74 (IQR 68-81), with the majority of males (59.1%). Results The willingness to participate in CR was declared by 26.3% of respondents. The median VES-13 score was 3 (IQR 2-7) points and was higher in patients who did not want to participate in CR [3 (IQR 2-7) vs 2 (IQR 1-3), p <0.0001]. In the group of patients who scored <3 points in the VES-13 scale, there was a significantly higher percentage of patients declaring their willingness to participate in CR compared to the group with ≥3 points (38.8% vs 18.5%, p=0.0001). Univariate analysis showed that all parameters assessed by the VES-13 scale had a significant impact on patients' willingness to participate in CR (Figure 1). Independent factors determining patients' declaration were age, difficulties in reaching or extending arms above the shoulder level, and limitations in shopping for personal items (like toilet items or medicines) (Figure 2). Conclusion The VES-13 scale can help to identify patients with HF after MI who require additional support and motivation in the decision process to participate in coordinated care and early CR. Limitations in the everyday functioning of elderly patients with HF determine the lack of willingness to participate in CR after MI. It is necessary to carry out intensive educational and motivational activities to improve the recruitment to the CR program.

Empirical adequacy of the time operator canonically conjugate to a Hamiltonian generating translations

To admit a canonically conjugate time operator, the Hamiltonian has to be a generator of translations (like the momentum operator generates translations in space), so its spectrum must be unbounded. But the Hamiltonian governing our world is thought to be bounded from below. Also, judging by the number of fields and parameters of the Standard Model, the Hamiltonian seems much more complicated. In this article I give examples of worlds governed by Hamiltonians generating translations. They can be expressed as a partial derivative operator just like the momentum operator, but when expressed in function of other observables they can exhibit any level of complexity. The examples include any quantum world realizing a standard ideal measurement, any quantum world containing a clock or a free massless fermion, the quantum representation of any deterministic time-reversible dynamical system without time loops, and any quantum world that cannot return to a past state. Such worlds are as sophisticated as our world, but they admit a time operator. I show that, despite having unbounded Hamiltonian, they do not decay to infinite negative energy any more than any quantum or classical world. Since two such quantum systems of the same Hilbert space dimension are unitarily equivalent even if the physical content of their observables is very different, they are concrete counterexamples to Hilbert Space Fundamentalism (HSF). Taking the observables into account removes the ambiguity of HSF and the clock ambiguity problem attributed to the Page-Wootters formalism, also caused by assuming HSF. These results provide additional motivations to restore the spacetime symmetry in the formulation of Quantum Mechanics and for the Page-Wootters formalism.

Stable set reformulations for the degree preserving spanning tree problem

Let G=(V,E) be a connected undirected graph and assume that a spanning tree is available for it. Any vertex in this tree is called degree preserving if it has the same degree in the graph and in the tree. Building upon this concept, the Degree Preserving Spanning Tree Problem (DPSTP) asks for a spanning tree of G with as many degree preserving vertices as possible. DPSTP is very much intertwined with the most important application for it, so far, i.e., the online monitoring of arc flows in a water distribution network, what serves us as an additional motivation for our investigation. We show that degree preserving vertices correspond to a stable set of a properly defined DPSTP conflict graph. This, in turn, allows us to use valid inequalities for the Stable Set Polytope (SSP) and thus strengthen the DPSTP formulations previously suggested in the literature. In doing so, the Branch-and-cut and Benders Decomposition algorithms suggested for these formulations are greatly enhanced. Additionally, as a further contribution, we also introduce a new and very challenging set of DPSTP test instances, given by graphs that closely resemble water distribution networks. For these instances, the new algorithms very clearly outperform all previous DPSTP algorithms. They not only run faster than their competitors but are also less dependent on good initial DPSTP primal bounds. For previous DPSTP test sets, the new algorithms lag behind the best existing algorithm for them, which is based on Lagrangian relaxation. However, as compared to additional DPSTP previous algorithms that do not benefit from SSP inequalities, the new ones come much closer to the Lagrangian relaxation one.

Measles Infection Dose Responses: Insights from Mathematical Modeling

How viral infections develop can change based on the number of viruses initially entering the body. The understanding of the impacts of infection doses remains incomplete, in part due to challenging constraints, and a lack of research. Gaining more insights is crucial regarding the measles virus (MV). The higher the MV infection dose, the earlier the peak of acute viremia, but the magnitude of the peak viremia remains almost constant. Measles is highly contagious, causes immunosuppression such as lymphopenia, and contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. This work investigated mechanisms underlying the observed wild-type measles infection dose responses in cynomolgus monkeys. We fitted longitudinal data on viremia using maximum likelihood estimation, and used the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate relevant biological hypotheses and their respective model parameterizations. The lowest AIC indicates a linear relationship between the infection dose, the initial viral load, and the initial number of activated MV-specific T cells. Early peak viremia is associated with high initial number of activated MV-specific T cells. Thus, when MV infection dose increases, the initial viremia and associated immune cell stimulation increase, and reduce the time it takes for T cell killing to be sufficient, thereby allowing dose-independent peaks for viremia, MV-specific T cells, and lymphocyte depletion. Together, these results suggest that the development of measles depends on virus-host interactions at the start and the efficiency of viral control by cellular immunity. These relationships are additional motivations for prevention, vaccination, and early treatment for measles.Graphical abstractMeasles infection dose responses: insights from mathematical modeling. Top: Model-data fits for acute viremia in response to changes in measles infection doses. 104\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^4$$\\end{document}, 103\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^3$$\\end{document}, 102\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$10^2$$\\end{document}, 10 and 1 TCID50\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{50}$$\\end{document} correspond to red diamonds, blue stars, orange triangles, magenta dots, and green squares respectively. The solid lines represent the trajectories generated by the proposed model parameterization. The shapes represent data. The dark grey dotted dashed line represents the limit of detection < 0.3. Bottom: Cartoon illustrating that when the measles infection dose increases, the stimulation of the measles-specific cellular immune responses increases early on post-infection. This enhanced immune response reduces the time required to clear the infectious viral load and helps maintain similar levels of viral loads and lymphocyte depletion irrespective of the initial dose.

The Development of a Text Messaging Platform to Enhance a Youth Diabetes Prevention Program: Observational Process Study.

Approximately 1 in 5 adolescents in the United States has prediabetes, and racially and ethnically minoritized youths are disproportionately impacted. Unfortunately, there are few effective youth diabetes prevention programs, and in-person interventions are challenging because of barriers to access and engagement. We aimed to develop and assess the preliminary feasibility and acceptability of a youth-informed SMS text messaging platform to provide additional support and motivation to adolescents with prediabetes participating in a diabetes prevention workshop in East Harlem, New York City, New York, United States. We collaborated with our youth action board and a technology partner (mPulse Mobile) to develop and pilot-test the novel interactive platform. The technology subcommittee of our community action board (comprising youths and young adults) used the results from focus groups that we had previously conducted with youths from our community to develop 5 message types focused on healthy eating and active living: goal setting, behavior tracking, individually tailored guidance, motivational messages, and photo diary. We used an iterative process to develop and pilot the program with our internal study team, including youths from our community action board and mPulse Mobile developers. We then conducted a pilot of the 12-week SMS text messaging program with 13 youths with prediabetes. Participants (aged 15-21 years; 10/13, 77% female; 3/10, 23% Black and 10/13, 77% Hispanic or Latinx) received an average of 2 automated messages per day. The system correctly sent 84% (2231/2656) of the messages at the time intended; the remaining 16% (425/2656) of the messages were either sent at the incorrect time, or the system did not recognize a participant response to provide the appropriate reply. The level of engagement with the program ranged from 1 (little to no response) to 5 (highly responsive) based on how frequently participants responded to the interactive (2-way) messages. Highly responsive participants (6/13, 46%) responded >75% (1154/1538) of the time to interactive messages sent over 12 weeks, and 69% (9/13) of the participants were still engaged with the program at week 12. During a focus group conducted after program completion, the participants remarked that the message frequency was appropriate, and those who had participated in our in-person workshops reflected that the messages were reminiscent of the workshop content. Participants rated goal setting, behavior tracking, and tailored messages most highly and informed planned adaptations to the platform. Participants described the program as: "interactive, informative, enjoyable, very convenient, reliable, motivational, productive, and reflective." We partnered with youths in the initial content development and pilot testing of a novel SMS text messaging platform to support diabetes prevention. This study is unique in the triple partnership we formed among researchers, technology experts, and diverse youths to develop a mobile health platform to address diabetes-related disparities.

Modern trends in physics education in Ukraine: integration of technologies and methods to increase effectiveness

The importance of the development of physical education cannot be doubted, since it is the key to the health of the nation and the building of a harmonious society as a whole. Modern realities of life in Ukraine, unfortunately, require not only the appropriate level of education, but also the consideration of additional negative factors affecting a person, his opportunities and needs. The main problems concern the general decrease in the physical activity of education applicants, the forced distance learning format, the lack of conditions for full-time physical education and sports. Nevertheless, this should not affect the quality and efficiency of education, which has caused attention to innovative technologies and approaches in education. There is an urgent need to develop educational and methodological support that will take into account the conditions of obtaining education, possible health risks for their maximum prevention, the potential of innovative technologies when mastering the discipline, the modern domestic experience of introducing new methods of training and directed physical development. The purpose of the article is to systematize innovations in the field of physical education in Ukraine to increase its effectiveness. The following general features of the development of physical culture in Ukraine were determined: striving for a healthy lifestyle and self-improvement among young people; craving for non-traditional sports; the desire to get certain results in sports, that is, persistent internal motivation. All this must be taken into account when drawing up educational and training programs that can really contribute to the development of physical capabilities, the identification of interest in various sports and physical activities, depending on the preferences and level of training, the state of health of the applicants for education. Innovative practices in the field of physical education must take into account the conditions of obtaining education. Therefore, innovations with the use of modern communication technologies, which allow to study independently, while receiving full informational support and control of the teacher, additional motivation from his side, are relevant at the moment. The emphasis in the methodology of theoretical training has shifted towards taking into account the possible risks of injury when performing exercises. This is mainly due to the distance learning format. It is important to provide applicants with all the information about the technique of performing exercises, possible mistakes and their consequences, to foster a responsible attitude to the training process. The introduction of modern communicative practices will contribute to encouraging students to physical development, a healthy lifestyle, independent additional classes, will allow you to correctly choose an interesting, necessary and affordable physical activity for yourself. Further development of this topic can be a detailed study of the methods of organizing the educational process taking into account the peculiarities of the introduction of innovations. The practical development of the experience will be the implementation of the formed programs and the determination of their effectiveness.

System justification drives Latino support for nativist policies

Since Donald Trump’s presidency (2016–2020), political observers have rushed to explain why some Latinos support nativist policies that harm members of their own ethnic group. One hypothesis predicts that Latinos who value their American identity endorse policies that denigrate non-Americans, such as unauthorized immigrants. We propose system justification as an additional motive. Study 1 draws on a representative Latino oversample ( N = 3,950) in the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS). We show that higher system justification levels are substantively associated with support for harsher policies toward unauthorized immigrants, independently of American identity, partisanship, and other key covariates. Study 2 refines these results through a preregistered experiment with Latino adults ( N = 1,230). We evaluated system justification and American identity as mediators of support for anti-Latino policies in the domains of unauthorized immigration and affirmative action. Assignment to read about the vibrancy of the American dream (versus control) increased system justification motives, which then strongly boosted support for nativist policies. American identity played no meaningful role. Moreover, the mediated results for nativist policies were large and robust, but small and brittle for affirmative action. We discuss our results’ implications for the political psychology of Latinos—America’s largest ethnic group.

"I could not find the strength to resist the pressure of the medical staff, to refuse to give commercial milk formula": a qualitative study on effects of the war on Ukrainian women's infant feeding.

During emergencies, breastfeeding protects infants by providing essential nutrients, food security, comfort, and protection and is a priority lifesaving intervention. On February 24, 2022, the war in Ukraine escalated, creating a humanitarian catastrophe. The war has resulted in death, injuries, and mass internal displacement of over 5 million people. A further 8.2 million people have taken refuge in neighboring countries, including Poland. Among those impacted are infants and young children and their mothers. We conducted a study to explore the infant feeding challenges and needs of Ukrainian women affected by the war. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study involving in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 75 war-affected Ukrainian mothers who had at least one infant aged less than 12 months at the time of the interview. Eligible mothers were either (1) living as Ukrainian refugees in Poland, having crossed the border from Ukraine on or after February 24, 2022, when the war started (n = 30) or (2) living in Ukraine as internally displaced persons or as residents in the community (n = 45). All interviews were audio-recorded (either transcribed or had responses summarized as expanded notes) and analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis using a two-step rapid analysis process. Participants in Ukraine who wanted to initiate breastfeeding right after birth faced opposition from healthcare workers at maternity hospitals. Ukrainian refugees who gave birth in Poland faced language barriers when seeking breastfeeding support. Half of the participants in Ukraine received commercial milk formula (CMF) donations even if they said they did not need them. Most respondents stated that breastfeeding information and support were urgently needed. Our data suggests that healthcare workers in Ukrainian maternity hospitals require additional training and motivation on delivering breastfeeding support. In addition, lactation consultants in maternity ward are needed in Ukraine, and interpretation support is needed for refugees to overcome language barriers. There is a need to control the indiscriminate donations of commercial milk formula and to ensure that complementary foods and commercial milk formula are available to those that need it. This study confirms the need for actions to ensure infant and young child feeding (IYCF) support is provided during emergencies.

The Effect of Self-identity and Positive Emotion Intervention on College Students' English Reading Study on the Correlation between Test Scores

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of self-identification and positive emotion intervention on college students' English reading comprehension. In the context of globalization, proficiency in English reading is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication and career advancement. However, previous research has primarily focused on the influence of self-efficacy on long-term learning, neglecting the examination-specific utilization of psychological adjustment strategies (such as positive emotional intervention) and its correlation with test performance and scores among students. Therefore, this study posits that through psychological adjustment and alleviation of test anxiety, positive emotional intervention and self-identification can facilitate improvements in English reading comprehension skills as well as enhance test coping abilities. A total of 61 non-English major college students were randomly selected and divided into two groups: “moderate self-identification group” and “high self-identification group”. Each group was further subdivided into an intervention group and a control group. The statistical software SPSS was employed to conduct descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and difference analysis in order to elucidate the relationship between positive emotions, self-identification, and English reading scores. These findings aim to provide novel insights for both the education industry and the psychological field. The results revealed that positive emotion intervention significantly influenced students' English reading test scores across different levels of self-identification. Specifically, students with a moderate level of self-identification exhibited improved performance after receiving positive emotion intervention, whereas those with a high level of self-identification maintained better performance without additional situational motivation. Furthermore, it was observed that reading materials of varying difficulty levels also impacted reading comprehension at an intermediate level of English proficiency. Overall, this study confirms the efficacy of positive emotion intervention in assisting students in effectively coping with challenges and enhancing their accuracy.

Psychometric features of the Cocaine Use Motivation Questionnaire (CUMQ)

ObjectivesCocaine use has tended to increase over the past decade, particularly among younger populations. Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit substance in France. Over the past few years, there has been an uptick in cocaine consumption in the country. The observed increase in consumption raises questions about the underlying motives. The goal of the present study is to construct and validate a questionnaire that explores the motivation behind cocaine use. Materials and methodsThis paper consists of two studies conducted on different data collections. In the first study, one thousand, one hundred and thirteen (n=1113) individuals participated and six hundred and seventy (n=670) individuals participated in the second study. All participants were current or former cocaine users. These participants completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire, a constructed questionnaire exploring motivations for cocaine use. This questionnaire was developed using the self-determination theory of (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and 11 semi-structured interviews with users. The purpose of these interviews was to explore the motivation for cocaine use, the expected benefits, and the negative consequences. From literature and the corpus of previously completed interviews, a first version of the questionnaire with 31 items was produced. The research respects the ethical recommendations of Helsinki and has received a favorable opinion from the research ethics committee. The data was collected anonymously and on a voluntary basis. ResultsIn the first study, 574 (51.6%) men and 539 (48.4%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.0 years (SD=5.83) ranging from 18 to 65 years old. In the second study 310 (46.3%) men and 360 (53.7%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.7 years (SD=4.23) ranging from 18 to 48 years old. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out. This first analysis resulted in a 23-item questionnaire with a four-factor solution: pleasant sensations, social pressure and self-image, absence of motivation, and curiosity and experience. The psychometric indicators were quite satisfactory with X2 (465)=15951, P<0.001 for the Bartlett test and 0.91 for the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test. In the second part of the research, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a solution with three factors and 21 items. Psychometric indicators showed CFI (Comparative Fit Index)=0.89, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)=0.06 and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)=0.06. The three main factors for cocaine use were: pleasant and positive sensations, social pressure and self-esteem, and amotivation. ConclusionsThis study laid the groundwork for the development of a valid questionnaire to explore and better understand the cocaine users’ motivations, thereby enabling preventive and therapeutic measures to be adjusted accordingly. This questionnaire can also be used for future research on cocaine use, which is focused on mental health as well as family history and history of traumatic life events, as associated with cocaine use. We may also consider replicating this study on a clinical population with a cocaine-dependency diagnosis, potentially revealing additional motivations.