Addition Of Fertilizer Research Articles

Effects of Microbial Organic Fertilizer, Microbial Inoculant, and Quicklime on Soil Microbial Community Composition in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Continuous Cropping System

The additions of microbial organic fertilizer (MOF), a microbial inoculant (MI), and quicklime (Q) are considered to be sustainable practices to restore land that has been damaged by continuous cropping of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). However, the combined effects of these three additives on pepper yield, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities were unclear. The experimental design consists of 13 treatment groups: the untreated soil (control); soil amended solely with three treatments for each of MOF (1875–5625 kg ha−1), MI (150–450 mL plant−1), and Q (1500–4500 kg ha−1); and soil amended with combinations of MOF, MI, and Q at three comparable concentrations. A significant increase in pepper fruit diameter, length, yield, and soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents occurs upon exclusive and combined applications of MOF, MI, and Q. Pepper yield was greatest (29.89% more than control values) in the combined treatment with concentrations of 1875 kg ha−1 MOF, 150 mL plant−1 MI, and 1500 kg ha−1 Q. The application of Q increased soil pH and reduced soil–fungal richness. The application of MOF, MI, and Q increased the relative abundance of bacterial genera and the complexity of bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks compared with control levels. The combined application of MOF, MI, and Q resulted in the greatest microbial network complexity. A Mantel test revealed the key role of soil available nitrogen content and bacterial diversity in the regulation of pepper growth and yield. We conclude that the combined application of MOF, MI, and Q improves soil nutrient availability and modifies soil microbial community composition, significantly promoting plant growth and pepper yield during continuous cultivation.

Fanya Juu terraces improve soil properties of cultivated land in erosion-prone semi-arid area of Ethiopia

Soil erosion is a major process that affect soil fertility and agricultural productivity. To reduce soil erosion by water, physical soil and water conservation measures such as Fanya juu have been widely introduced. However, the study on the performance of those measures against its target is limited. Objective of this study was to assess the effects of physical soil and water conservation (SWC) measures (e.g., Fanya juu) on selected soil physico-chemical properties. Soil samples were collected at 0–20 cm depth of fields treated with Fanya juu and non-treated (without any physical SWC) and analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. The results of the analysis revealed that clay, silt, sand, soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorous (Pav.), and available potassium (Kav.) differed significantly (p < 0.05) between 8-years conserved and non-conserved land. This could be due to the positive effect of conservation measures in reducing erosion. In addition, in the intra- Fanya juu areas clay, sand, Kav., TN, and SOC were significantly varied (p < 0.05), with greater clay, SOC and nutrients at above Fanya juu (deposition area) than below Fanya juu (loss zone), which can be due to the downward movement of organic matter and surface soil and the protection ability of Fanya juu against erosion. In erosion-prone areas, lacking physical SWC measures could degrade essential soil properties as compared to farm fields with physical SWC measures. The spatial variation in intra-Fanya juu area should be amended by integrating additional soil fertility management practices for better effect.

Nitrous oxide emissions and yields from potato production systems as influenced by nitrogen fertilization and irrigation: A meta‐analysis

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosom) is a globally significant crop in relation to the scale of its consumption, being the third most consumed worldwide. The overall sustainability of global agriculture is increasingly of concern, specifically in relation to increasing anthropogenic emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from nitrogen fertilizer additions to croplands and its contribution to climate change. Against this backdrop, a meta‐analysis of 119 experimental comparisons from 18 studies—spanning 19 study sites in 10 countries—was employed to investigate the impact of irrigation, cumulative water input, N fertilizer application rate, soil pH, and soil texture on cumulative N2O fluxes and tuber yield in potato production. Compared to non‐fertilized controls, N2O emissions from fertilized potato production decreased by 34% when irrigation provided 61%–90% of total water input (corresponding to averages of 321–473 mm). Likewise, N2O emissions increased by 53% with 200–475 mm seasonal water input and by 37% with N fertilization rates of 101–200 kg N fertilizer ha−1. Furthermore, soil pH between 7.1 and 7.5 reduced emissions by 6%, while medium‐textured soils showed an increase of 2%. Conversely, tuber yields from fertilized potato production were comparatively maximized under 31%–60% of water input as irrigation (7%) and 751–1025 mm cumulative seasonal water input (28%). Alongside 201–300 kg N fertilizer ha−1 (97%), soil pH of 7.1–7.5 (48%), and in coarse‐textured soils (49%). Overall, these findings underscore the importance of considering irrigation and N fertilization options specifically in optimizing potato production for reduced N2O emissions and enhanced tuber yield.

Optimization of an aerated fertilizer irrigation application scheme for tomato photosynthesis, yield and quality in Xi'an, China

Soil aeration is known to alleviate root zone hypoxia, improve root growth environment, and enhance crop yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency. However, the specific effects of coupled soil aeration and fertilization on photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, yield, and quality of tomato remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, greenhouse experiments were conducted for 2 years on tomato in Xi'an, China. In preliminary experiments, it was observed that the combination of venturi and two dispersers treatments could enhance air transfer distance within the drip irrigation system over a range of 0–25 m. Subsequently, in the planting experiments, 3 levels of aeration (A) were established: A1 (no aeration), A2 (7.50 % air-to-water ratio), and A3 (15.00 % air-to-water ratio), along with 3 fertilizer (F) levels: F1 (no additional fertilizer), F2 (N- P2O5-K2O fertilizer application rate of 120-60-78 kg ha−1), and F3 (N- P2O5-K2O fertilizer application rate of 240-120-150 kg ha−1). The study revealed that aeration significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and dry matter content of tomatoes, resulting in a substantial improvement in both yield and quality. Additionally, aeration was found to enhance fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and water use efficiency (WUE). In 2021, fertilizer increased the Chl. b content and improved photosynthesis, ultimately enhancing the yield, vitamin C, and total soluble sugars in tomatoes. Under the A3F1 treatment, FUE was the highest, while WUE was the highest under the A3F3 treatment. The A1F1 treatment resulted in the lowest tomato yield, with 37.22 t/ha in 2021 and 39.85 t/ha in 2022. The A3F3 treatment consistently produced the highest yield, achieving 50.53 t/ha in 2021 and 51.11 t/ha in 2022. The A1F3 treatment exhibited the highest return on investment. These findings are of paramount importance for optimizing tomato cultivation practices, improving fertilizer efficiency, and promoting sustainable agricultural production.

Technical and Economic Assessment of Tomato Cultivation Through a Macro-Tunnel Production System with the Application of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus

Bacterial inoculants hold promise for enhancing the sustainability and profitability of tomato cultivation in macro-tunnel systems. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of applying Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus to tomato production. The separate addition of native G. diazotrophicus GIBI025 and GIBI029 isolates and a commercial inoculant containing Azotobacter chrococcum and Azospirillium sp. was evaluated at a rate of 1 × 108 CFU·mL−1 without nitrogen addition. Conventional fertilization treatment with no bacteria added and 100%-nitrogen fertilization relative to crop requirements (added as MAP and urea) was also assessed. The treatments were evaluated within the macro-tunnel production system. The experiment utilized a completely randomized block design with four replications per treatment, and each experimental unit consisted of 20 plants. The yield (kg·ha−1) was calculated and economic assessment was performed. The results show that native G. diazotrophicus isolates in tomato cultivation under the macro-tunnel production system improved its economic viability, achieving yields up to 95,501 kg·ha−1 without the addition of nitrogenous fertilizers. This research reveals benefit–cost ratios achieving 1.57 and net incomes reaching 16,707 US dollars per hectare. This work demonstrated that the native isolates assessed may be used in the pursuit of more integrated, sustainable, and competitive cultural practices.

Nutrient Use Efficiency and Cucumber Productivity as a Function of the Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and the Wood Fiber Content in Growing Media.

A peat substrate is made from peat from drained peatlands, which is a limited resource. A realistic estimate is that 50% of the world's wetlands have been lost. Peat is used in horticulture, especially for the cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses. The consequences of peatland exploitation are an increase in the greenhouse effect and a decrease in carbon stocks. Wood fiber can be used as an alternative to peat. The chemical properties of growing media interact and change continuously due to the small volume of growing media, which is limited by the growing container. This study aims to gain new knowledge on the impact of nutrient changes in the microbial degradation of carbon compounds in wood fiber and mixtures with a peat substrate on the content and uptake of nutrients required by plants. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) variety 'Dirigent H' developed in the Netherlands was cultivated in growing media of a peat substrate and wood fiber: (1) peat substrate (PS); (2) wood fiber (WF); (3) wood fiber and peat substrate 50/50 v/v (WF/PS 50/50); (4) wood fiber and peat substrate 25/75 v/v (WF/PS 25/75). The rates of fertilization were the following: (1) conventional fertilization (CF); (2) 13 g N per plant (N13); (3) 23 g N per plant (N23); (4) 30 g N per plant (N30). The experiment was carried out with three replications. As the amount of wood fiber increased, the humidity and pH of the growing media increased. The fertilization of the cucumbers with different quantities of nitrogen influenced the nutrient uptake. The plants grown in the 50/50 and 25/75 growing media had the best Cu uptake when fertilized with N23. When the plants grown in the wood fiber media and the 50/50 media were fertilized with N13, N23, and N30, the Mn content in the growing media at the end of the growing season was significantly lower than the Mn content in the media with conventional fertilization. Thus, nitrogen improved the uptake of Mn by the plants grown not only in the wood fiber, but also in the combinations with a peat substrate. Growing plants in wood fiber and fertilizing them with N13 can result in the optimum uptake of micronutrients. The number and biomass of cucumber fruits per plant were influenced by the amount of wood fiber in the growing media and the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest number of fruits and biomass of fruits per plant obtained were significantly higher when the cucumbers were grown in WF/PS 50/50 growing media with additional N13 fertilization.

Long-Term Manuring and Fertilization Influence on Soil Properties and Wheat Productivity in Semi-Arid Regions

Information on the long-term effects of the addition of organics and fertilizers to wheat under the pearl millet–wheat cropping system with semi-arid conditions in north-western India is still lacking. The present research was conducted in an ongoing field experiment initiated during Rabi 1995 at the Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. After 25 years, the impacts of nutrient management practices on soil fertility and wheat productivity were evaluated. The experiment comprised a total of eight treatment combinations viz. half and full doses of recommended fertilizers (N and P), organic manures (FYM: farmyard manure, POM: poultry manure, and PRM: press mud) alone and in combination with NP fertilizers. The conjoint application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in a positive influx of nutrients via increasing total organic carbon (TOC), available N, P, K, and S, which ranged from 0.46 to 1.42%, 122.70 to 194.70, 15.66 to 74.92, 340.5 to 761.2, and 15.26 to 54.63 kg ha−1 in surface soil (0–15 cm), respectively. Carbon fractions and crop yield were significantly improved by adopting integrated nutrient management (INM). The TOC showed a positive and significant correlation with C fractions (r &gt; 0.92) and with soil-available N, P, K, and S (r &gt; 0.77) content. The data also revealed a strong relationship between TOC and soil-available (0–15 cm) nutrients i.e., available N (R2= 0.769), available P (R2 = 0.881), available K (R2 = 0.758), and available S (R2 = 0.914), respectively. Thus, practices that increased TOC were also beneficial in enhancing the availability of the nutrients in the soil. A positive and highly significant correlation was also found among wheat yield, nutrient (NPKS) content, and uptake. A polynomial relationship between grain yield and grain N (R2 = 0.962), P (R2 = 0.946), and K (R2 = 0.967) content, and between straw yield and straw N (R2 = 0.830), P (R2 = 0.541) and K (R2 = 0.976) content was obtained. Integrated use of PRM7.5 followed by FYM15 and POM5 coupled with NP fertilizers proved best, which could be beneficial for obtaining nutritious and highest wheat yield (grain: 6.01 t ha−1 and straw: 7.70 t ha−1) coupled with improved fertility within a sustained manner under the pearl millet–wheat sequence in prevailing semi-arid conditions of the North Indian state of Haryana.

Impact of a forage legume or nitrogen fertilizer application on ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions in Brachiaria pastures

ABSTRACT The largest proportion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Agriculture sector of the Brazilian national GHG inventory is derived from the large (&gt;200 million head) herd of cattle. The greatest contribution to these emissions comes from the enteric methane from cattle, but the direct and indirect emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from cattle excreta and N fertilizer are responsible for approximately 9 % of all national anthropogenic GHG emissions. Ammonia (NH 3 ) can be volatilized from N fertilizer and cattle excreta and deposited in sites remote from the source, constituting an indirect source of N 2 O. This study aimed to determine whether direct N 2 O emissions and NH 3 volatilization from N-fertilized pastures were greater than those derived from a mixed grass-legume pasture without N fertilizer addition. Emissions of N 2 O and NH 3 from excreta and N fertilizer from a Palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) monoculture fertilized with 2 × 60 kg N ha -1 yr -1 urea were compared to those from a mixed Palisade grass-forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) pasture. Dung and urine were collected from these cattle, and NH 3 losses and N 2 O emissions from the excreta and from N fertilizer were monitored using static chamber techniques. Volatilization of NH 3 and N 2 O emissions were found to be greater from urine than from dung. Ammonia losses from excreta and urea fertilizer were low, not exceeding 6.8, 1.1, and 4.7 % of the N applied as urine, dung, and fertilizer, respectively. The N 2 O emissions showed a tendency to be greater for the urine from the N-fertilized compared to the mixed grass-legume pasture, and the N 2 O emissions from the urine of the N-fertilized pasture ranged from 0.08 to 0.94 % of applied urine N. The N 2 O emission from the N fertilizer was at maximum 0.46 % of the applied N. The direct N 2 O emissions and the loss of NH 3 by volatilization (indirect N 2 O emission) from the excreta of cattle grazing the mixed grass-legume pasture were similar to, or lower than, the grazed grass monoculture fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 yr -1 . As the mixed pasture received no N fertilizer and hence no GHG emission from its manufacture or application, introducing forage peanut to the Urochloa brizantha pastures shows potential to be responsible for lower GHG emissions than the N fertilized grass pasture.

Beyond yield: Unveiling farmer perceptions and needs regarding weed management in Bangladesh.

More than 3.5 billion people depend on rice for more than 20% of their daily calories. Globally, Bangladesh is the third largest rice producer. With 171 million people, Bangladesh is also among the top consumers. Local rice production not only affects the country's food security but also influences the global rice trade. A large yield gap has been reported due to weeds. Traditional hand weeding is very costly because of labor shortages resulting from industrialization. Limited data showed a higher yield and profits when using herbicides. However, quantitative data on various aspects of weed management and associated issues representing the country's variable rice ecosystem, which is characterized by 30 agroecological zones, are lacking. We collected data on weed management practices from 865 farmers and 69 agrochemical shops covering all 30 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) through a structured survey. We observed a significant regional variation among various parameters. Approximately 82% of farmers use herbicides, and few rely solely on either manual weeding or herbicides. Pre-emergence herbicides are the predominant. Application procedures are almost the same across the country. Although 40% of farmers had secondary and higher-level education, most depend upon local sellers' suggestions rather than reading the product label regarding the dose. Few farmers consider herbicides hazardous, and respondents rarely perceive any environmental impact. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl (35%) and acetochlor-containing bensulfuron methyl (27%) are the most-used chemical species. Approximately 45% of farmers observed that herbicides suppress early seedling growth. Additional fertilizer is required to compensate for this. Multiple weed species that are difficult to control through presently used herbicides were noted in all AEZs. Around 64% of farmers observed that herbicide application contributes to higher yields as a function of timely weeding. Cost comparisons showed that high labor prices will make rice cropping unprofitable in most parts of the country if herbicides are eliminated. Clear adverse effects of pre-emergence herbicides on early crop growth implied the potential benefits of broad-spectrum herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) rice to sustain the country's food security. Additionally, such GE rice could incentivize the adoption of alternate wet and dry irrigation methods, leading to water and cost savings.

Assessment of Activated Charcoal and Phosphorus for Promoting Maize Production

The most continuous farming practice is the yearly addition of phosphorus fertilizers to soils in arid and semi-arid regions that all suffer from shortages of phosphorus availability. A vital approach is rationalizing applied fertilizers and trying to benefit from their reservoir in yearly-fertilized old soils using an activated charcoal-fertilizer mixture. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at a private farm in Mushtuhur, Toukh, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. This trial was set up to study the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer sources (phosphoric acid Ph.A and super phosphate S.Ph), the P application rates (P0=control, P1=50%, P2=75% and P3=100% of P requirements), activated charcoal (A.Ch) rates (A.Ch0=control, A.Ch1=1, A.Ch2=3 and A.Ch3=5 g/hole, corresponding to 41, 124, and 207 kg ha-1, respectively) and the interaction between them on promoting maize growth, production and its nutrient status. Generally, adding phosphorus improved plant height (m), dry grains (t ha-1), and ash yield (t ha-1) without a significant difference between all P rates. Phosphoric acid affects most studied parameters, mainly the biological, ear, and ash yield (t ha-1); it was the best compared with superphosphate. Adding the 1st rate of A.Ch improved the studied growth and yield parameters significantly compared with the control. Slight enhancement was induced by the 2nd A.Ch dose, and there was no significant difference between the 3rd and 4th rates in most studied parameters. The heighest value of grain yield resulted from the third interaction between A. Ch3 x P0, followed by A. Ch2 x P0, and the next is Ph.A x A. Ch2 x P1 without significant difference among them. These results shed light on the fact that there is no need to add P fertilizers yearly, as described by the recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture. Different materials can move the fixed P in old clayey soil, such as A.Ch.

Heavy Metals Analysis of Breweries Effluent used in Soil Cultivated with Glycine Max (L.) Merr. Accessions with Biochar Augmentation

Beer production has promulgated the prevalence of heavy metal contamination in the environment (soil and water bodies). The magnitude of breweries wastewater-effluent effect discharged on soil and its effect on crop quality in terms of growth and physiology must therefore be investigated. This study aims to assess the level of seven heavy metals (HM) (lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)) in breweries wastewater-effluent and its effect on the growth of Glycine max accessions (TGM-3990, TGM-1348, TGM-1732, TGM-2175 and TGM-928) as well as the influence of biochar soil amendment in the induction of HM tolerance in G. max. Effluent properties were analyzed using the A1 portable TDS/EC meter. HM in the wastewater-effluent was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The experiment was set up in a complete block design. 3 seeds G. max accessions were planted in 7kg of sterilized soil (control, effluent and biochar treatments). Growth parameters were taken using standard methods, while the total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) were determined using the atLeaf chlorophyll meter. The wastewater-effluent recorded an electrical conductivity (EC) of 928µS/cm, total dissolved solids (TDS) (464ppm), Temperature (31.9-32.6°C) and pH (5.37). Results for HM concentration showed; Pb (0.20mg/L), Ni (&lt;0.001mg/L), Cr (0.03mg/L), Cu (&lt;0.001mg/L), Cd (&lt;0.001mg/L), Zn (&lt;0.001mg/L) and Fe (8.74mg/L). The trend shows that Fe˃Pb˃Cr˃Cd˃Cu˃Ni˃Zn. Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were significantly below the World Health Organization (WHO) and Waste Water Forum (WWF) permissible limit, while Fe and Pb significantly higher. G. max accessions TGM-928 (80%) and TGM-3990 (80%) had better germination percentage (GP), TGM-1348 (60%) had the lowest GP, while TGM-2175 recorded no germination in all treatments. At 6 weeks after planting (WAP), it was observed that irrigation of G. max accessions with breweries wastewater-effluent significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth parameters such as shoot length for TGM-3990 which recorded; Treatment=19.53±0.94cm; Control=17.10±0.67cm; Biochar=40.83±1.01cm) while TGM-1732 had the highest shoot growth (T=38.57±1.53cm; C=25.00±0.00cm; B=82.33±5.70cm) when compared to their controls. TGM-3990 (T=32.20mg/kg, C=34.10mg/kg, 43.30mg/kg) recorded the least TPP contents, while TGM-928 (T=51.00mg/kg, C=45.60mg/kg, B=43.50mg/kg) recorded the highest TPP in all treatments. Amelioration of soil with biochar significantly (p=0.001) stimulated growth above the effluent treatment and control. Similar trend was observed for leaf area, petiole length, leaf number, stem girth and internode length. This study has shown that breweries effluent has the potential of growth enhancement in G. max cultivation and in combination biochar application reduces the need for additional fertilizer application.

Study of nitrogen status in different planting systems and organic fertilizer doses in sandy soil

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different jajar legowo planting systems in intercropping sweet corn with peanuts, as well as the addition of several doses of organic fertilizer on soil nitrogen status and plant leaf tissue on sandy soil. The research was conducted from January to May 2023, on the south coast of Jember Regency. The study used a split-plot design; the main plot consisted of the treatment of 2:2 (A1) and 4:2 (A2) jajar legowo intercropping systems. The subplots were different doses of cow dung organic fertilizer: 10 t ha-1 (B1), 20 t ha-1 (B2), and 30 t ha-1 (B3), each repeated three times. Observational data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT 5%. The results of the study showed that the combination of the planting system and organic fertilizer doses applied had not been able to provide optimal microclimate and soil properties for the growth and development of sweet corn plants. The A2 planting system provides a better microclimate and plant morphology for plant N availability and absorption. The addition of organic fertilizer up to the highest dose (B3) has not been able to maintain optimal soil water and N availability for sweet corn in sandy soil.

Fruit Characteristics and Yield Quality of Two Apple Varieties As Affected By O DAP Fertilization and Spraying With Moringa Plant Extract

This study was carried out in one of the private orchards in the Hashimiya district in Babil Governorate during the 2023 growing seasons to study the effect of the organic O-DAP fertilizer and Moringa leaves extract on the vegetative and chemical characteristics of the Sharabi variety and the Anna variety at 5 years of age. The treatments in the experiment were distributed using a split-split plot design system with three replicates in a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D). The main plots were represented by the varieties, symbolized by A (the Anna variety and the Sharabi variety), and the spraying with Moringa leaves extract, symbolized by M, as the secondary plots. - Plots at three concentrations (0, 150, 200) ml l-1 and the addition of O-DAP fertilizer, symbolized by D in the sub-sub-plots, and at three levels (0, 500, 1000) gm tree-1, as 27 trees were selected. Each variety is homogeneous in growth and age, and the total of both varieties is 54 trees, and each replicate contains 18 treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times, with one tree per experimental unit (2×3×3). The results were as follows

Различные формы Sr в агротемногумусовых подбелах юга Приморского края

To assess the concentration level and identify the main phase-carriers of various forms of strontium (Sr), the total content, distribution and concentration of water-soluble forms of the element in Albic Stagnosoils, which composed the bulk of the arable fund of the region under study, were studied. Full-profile soil pits were dug at the long-term fallow, phytoreclamative, and fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizer variants of the experience. The study of the different Sr forms contents was carried out by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry. The main Sr volume was immobilized in the composition of soil mineral phase in soils of all variants of the experience. The addition of mineral fertilizers to soil was accompanied by an increase in the total content (by 6.4 %) and concentration of water-soluble (by 5,7 times) Sr forms, compared to the soil of fallow, and intensification of Sr sorption by Mn-containing soil compounds. The long-term addition of different types of organic fertilizers contributed to the activation of stable Sr-organic complexes formation. Under a green manure application in conditions of soil solution acidity decrease, the increase in the influence of Ca-containing soil compounds on the distribution of Sr has been shown. The soils of all variants of the experience were characterized by the absence of factors and conditions that contributed to the Sr accumulation in profiles, it was suggested by the lower total Sr content compared to the mean background content for surface soils around the world and to the mean content in agricultural soils in Japan.

The Effect Of Soil Treatment With Cow Manure Compost And Foliar Magnesium On Plant Growth Of Black Diyala Fig Ficus Carica L. Seedlings

The research was conducted at the research station affiliated with the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kufa in the university city in the Najaf Governorate for the period from 1 March to 1 December 2023 to study the effect of organic fertilization with cow manure compost and foliar spraying with magnesium and their interactions on some vegetative traits of black Diyala fig seedlings. The foliar magnesium was used at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5) gm L-1, and the ground addition of organic fertilizer (cow manure) was also applied at four levels (0, 5, 10 or 15) g pot-1, and their interactions. The results showed that black Diyala fig seedlings treated with cow manure compost recorded significant effect on the studied traits, as cow manure compost at 15 g pot-1 resulted in the highest increase of seedlings height 21.37 cm, stem diameter 2.07 mm, number of branches 3.30 seedling branch-1, number Leaves 10.03 leaf plant -1, and leaf area 2448.25 cm2 seedling-1. Spraying fig seedlings of the Black Diyala variety with magnesium at a concentration of 1.5 gm l-1 excelled in the amount of increase in seedling height 15.98 cm, stem diameter 1.82 mm, number of branches 3.23 seedling branch-1, and number of leaves. 10.36 plant leaves-1, average leaf area is 1899.50 cm2 seedling-1. However, best results were recorded in the interaction of foliar magnesium at 1.5 gm L-1 and organic fertilizer at 15 g pot-1 with significantly the highest increase in plant height 25.56 cm and stem diameter 2.28 mm, the number of branches is 5.28 branches, seedling-1, the number of leaves is 15.00 leaves-1, the average leaf area is 3030.00 cm2, seedling-1.

Effects of Microplastics and Organic Fertilizer Regulation on Soil Dissolved Organic Matter Evolution.

Microplastics are pollutants of global concern nowadays. However, the effects of microplastics addition to soil as a carbon source and the combined effects of microplastics and organic fertilizer on soil-dissolved organic matter (DOM) evolution are still unclear. This study focused on the evolution of DOM in soil with the addition of microplastics and investigated the variations in the content and composition of DOM in unfertilized and fertilized soil with different particle sizes of microplastics. It was observed that the TOC concentration of the soil DOM in the treatment with organic fertilizer and microplastics increased more (129.97-161.43 mg kg-1) than that in the treatment with microplastics alone (117.17-131.87 mg kg-1) and was higher than that in the original soil (95.65 mg kg-1). According to the humic acid relative abundance in DOM after 40 days of incubation, the humic acid relative abundance in DOM of the soil samples with microplastics and organic fertilizers addition was found to be higher than that in those with microplastic addition alone, reaching more than 80% in a short time. In conclusion, the TOC concentration of the soil DOM increased with the addition of microplastics, and the increase was more pronounced when organic fertilizers and microplastics were added together. Moreover, the soil humification increased to a higher level in the short term with the combined addition of microplastics and organic fertilizers, which was maintained during the long-term incubation process.

Response of orange Saplings to spraying with brassinolide and add-ing organic fertilizer in some of vegetative and root growth charac-teristics

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture station in the Al-Hindiya district / Karbala governorate during the 2023 growing season, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study aimed to investigate the response of two orange Cultivars (Blood and Navel) to spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide at three concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg L-1) and the addition of organic fertilizer (Humzinc) to the soil at three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 g L-1). The results showed the superiority of the Blood Cultivar over the Navel Cultivar in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, root length, and root volume, while the Navel Cultivar excelled in leaf area. Treatment with brassinolide at a concentration of 0.6 mg L-1 or the addition of organic fertilizer at a concentration of 1 g L-1 resulted in the highest significant increase in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, leaf area, root length, and root volume. Regarding the interactions between study factors, the binary and ternary interactions had a significant effect on improving vegetative and root growth Traits. The ternary interaction treatment (Blood Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) outperformed by giving the highest average increase in stem length (35.98 cm), stem diameter (7.993 mm), average Leaves number (117.66 leaves seedling-1), root length (120.67 cm), and root volume (52.33 cm3), while the treatment (Navel Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) significantly excelled in leaf area (38.57 cm2).

Response of Chemical Fertilisation on Six-year-old Oil Palm Production in Shambillo-Padre Abad- Ucayali

It was proposed to determine the response of chemical fertilization in the production of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) six years old in the area of Rio Negro Shambillo Padre Abad in order to have a sustainable and economic alternative of chemical fertilization in the field stage, which contributes to the survival of the palm and provides the necessary resistance against pests and diseases. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was used with four repetitions and treatments, 96 plants / UE / treatment were used, the spacing was 9x9 in rows and plants. Results obtained indicate the treatments; T3 and T2 (16,54 – 15,48 kg / plant) obtained the highest averages by bunch weight, T1 and T3 (17,48 – 15,42 fruits / bunch) obtained the highest averages regarding number of fruit / bunch, T1 and T3 (13,93 – 11,59 to 45 cm ) obtained the highest averages for bunch length, T1 and T3 (7,33 – 5,52 cm) obtained the highest averages regarding fruit length, T1 and T3 (11.37 – 9.54 g) obtained the highest averages regarding fruit weight, T1 and T3 (10,46 – 10,37 kg) obtained the highest averages to yield per plant. The addition of chemical fertilizers or organic amendments increases the weight of the oil palm bunch, consequently the production in soils with medium, low fertility; chemical fertilization influences the number of clusters of oil palm produced on a given surface, any dose is used as an alternative to phosphorous fertilization in oil palm with a direct relationship between plant height and root length.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Biochar on Carbon Release and Microbial Communities in Saline–Alkaline Soil

Climate change and aridification have increased the risk of salinization and organic carbon loss in dryland soils. Enrichment using biochar and organic fertilizers has the potential to reduce salt toxicity and soil carbon loss. However, the effects of biochar and organic fertilizers on CO2 and CH4 emissions from saline soils in dryland areas, as well as their microbial mechanisms, remain unelucidated. To clarify these issues, we performed a 5-month incubation experiment on typical soda-type saline soil from the western part of the Songnen Plain using five treatments: control treatment (CK), 5% urea (U), straw + 5% urea (SU), straw + 5% urea + microbial agent (SUH), and straw + 5% urea + biochar (SUB). Compared with the SU treatment, the SUH and SUB treatments reduced cumulative CO2 emissions by 14.85% and 35.19%, respectively. The addition of a microbiological agent to the SU treatment reduced the cumulative CH4 emissions by 19.55%, whereas the addition of biochar to the SU treatment increased the cumulative CH4 emissions by 4.12%. These additions also increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Ascomycota. Overall, the addition of biochar and organic fertilizer promoted CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake. This was mainly attributed to an improved soil gas diffusion rate due to the addition of organic materials and enhanced microbial stress due to soil salinity and alkalinity from the release of alkaline substances under closed-culture conditions. Our findings have positive implications for enhancing carbon storage in saline soils in arid regions.

Pengelolaan DAS Mikro: Best Practice Penanganan Potensi Konflik Akibat Semburan Gas di Lahan Pertanian Desa Nglobo, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah

Gas emissions occurring in the agricultural land of Nglobo Village, Blora Regency, Indonesia, have led to land contamination, resulting in worsened of watershed health over time. The evidence is apparent in the water and soil quality exceeding water quality standard. Consequently, conflicts have arisen in the community due to failed harvests of rice and corn, impacting crops failed. The aim of this research is to restore the health of the contaminated watershed, addressing both agricultural land and water quality. The methodology in this research involves a micro watershed management approach, which includes discussion activities with the community and other parties, remediation efforts, field schools and monitoring and evaluation. The study findings suggest that the addition of organic fertilizers to restore soil fertility, particularly enhancing soil organic carbon, is crucial. This is achieved by applying 29.58 tons/ha to 30.14 tons/ha of fertilizer on the affected land. Post-remediation water quality shows values below the threshold, indicating the health of the Nglobo river basin. The results of the planting test evaluation showed that rice and corn were in good condition, as evidenced by the absence of crop failure, and the fertility of agricultural land could be restored. Micro watershed management approach, of measurable, with real action together with the affected communities and related parties, can resolve social conflicts that occur due to pollution of community agricultural land.