Additional Educational Materials Research Articles

MYTH IN "NOMADIC NOVELS" BY S.SANBAEV (ARTISTIC SPACE AND TIME)

Myth is not only a source of “eternal” plots and archetypes, but also has a structuring effect on the organization of space and time of a work of art. A particularly close connection with folklore and mythology is observed in national literature.The purpose of the article was to analyze the features of the organization of space and time in S. Sanbaev's “Nomadic novels” as a reflection of the mythological and national picture of the world, which is a new approach in the study of S. Sanbaev's work.During the study, literary and mythopoetic analysis of the text was used, which allows us to better understand the author’s intention, identify hidden meanings and codes, as well as systematic research for a holistic analysis of the work. As a result of the study, a number of provisions were established that reveal the scientific significance of the work. The cyclicity of time is reflected in the roll call of epochs, the succession of the hero's name, the repetition of storylines, as well as in the construction of the cycle of stories itself. The circular construction of the stories is enhanced by the motifs of the road and returns, which are cross-cutting in the cycle. The mythological space is characterized by a tripartite structure of the universe: the division into the upper -middle -lower worlds. The horizontal cosmogonic model with orientation to the cardinal points is clearly traced in the principle of the structure of the Shakpak temple. The practical significance of the work is that the article can be used as an additional educational material in preparation for lectures and seminars on the discipline “Mythopoeticanalysis of literary text”, “Methods of literary criticism” in higher educational institutions, as well as in university special coursesin the creative laboratory of writers.

Research Work for Students: Its Peculiarities at Ukrainian Higher Education Institutions in the Conditions of Martial Law

The paper presents analysis of two ways for organizing the research work for students at the Department of Foreign Languages in Lviv National Environmental University: a) the use of modern technologies, robotization of production processes abroad and in Ukraine; b) educational material researched by students from massive open online courses platforms, other electronic resources for students as additional educational materials to the main ones proposed by teachers for the taught disciplines. There are also considered some electronic educational materials implemented for students and discussed by professors of different Ukrainian higher educational institutions at teachers’ conferences as well as the ways of spreading the results of students research work and exchanging their experience in usage of the reviewed materials are proposed. Under martial law, the research work for students of higher education institutions of Ukraine should be brought to a new level, especially in the military sphere and for helping our people to quickly restore all spheres of the national economy destroyed during the Russian-Ukrainian war. The results of the students research can be used by the teaching staff for planning and improving the educational process at our and other universities.

DEVELOPING STUDENTS' ABILITIES TO WORK WITH TEXT

This article talks about the formation of students' ways of working with professional texts in the Kazakh language in Russian-speaking groups. Because the effectiveness of new methods is always important. The author focused on the formation of speaking, writing, reading and listening skills of students in their specialty. The article not only gives tasks revealing aspects and subtleties of jurisprudence, but also contains information aimed at studying new terms. When writing the article, the authors paid special attention to tasks in the speech direction when working with the text, because they: develop mental activity; contribute to the formation of the use of the studied vocabulary and grammatical categories used in syntactic constructions. In the article, since the authors intend to form the mutual speech of students in their specialties, many tasks are set to create role-playing interviews, the ability to compose their own interviews using the example of ready-made interviews. There is also a training method, because any education begins with training. Scientific significance of the research work: the article contributes to the development of the Kazakh language in higher educational institutions. And practical significance: the results of the study can be used as additional educational material in practical classes.

Engaging communities to inform the development of a diverse cohort of cancer survivors: formative research for the eat move sleep study (EMOVES)

BackgroundThere are more than 18 million cancer survivors in the United States. Yet, survivors of color remain under-represented in cancer survivorship research (Saltzman et al. in Contemp Clin Trials Commun 29:100986, 2022; Pang et al. in J Clin Oncol 34:3992–3999, 2016; Lythgoe et al. in Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 24:1208–1211, 2021). Our long-term goal is to enroll and follow a cohort of historically under-represented cancer survivors, to better understand modifiable risk factors that influence clinical and quality of life outcomes in these populations. Towards that goal, we describe herein how we applied community-based participatory research approaches to develop inclusive study materials for enrolling such a cohort.MethodsWe implemented community engagement strategies to inform and enhance the study website and recruitment materials for this cohort including: hiring a dedicated engagement coordinator/community health educator as a member of our team; working with the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Office of Community Engagement (OCE) and Community Advisory Board members; presenting our educational, research, and study recruitment materials at community events; and establishing a community advisory group specifically for the study (4 individuals). In parallel with these efforts, 20 semi-structured user testing interviews were conducted with diverse cancer survivors to inform the look, feel, and usability of the study website.ResultsEngagement with community members was a powerful and important approach for this study’s development. Feedback was solicited and used to inform decisions regarding the study name (eat move sleep, EMOVES), logo, study website content and imagery, and recruitment materials. Based on community feedback, we developed additional educational materials on healthy groceries and portion size in multiple languages and created a study video.ConclusionsIncluding an engagement coordinator as a permanent team member, partnering with the institutional community outreach and engagement resources (i.e., OCE), and allocating dedicated time and financial support for cultivating relationships with stakeholders outside the university were critical to the development of the study website and materials. Our community guided strategies will be tested as we conduct enrollment through community advisor networks and via the state cancer registry.

THE IMAGE OF THE CITY IN MODERN KAZAKH POETRY

The article analyzes poems about the city in modern Kazakh poetry. The purpose of the research is to identify the specifics of the image of the city in a work of art, to consolidate the concepts of «Almaty text», «Astana text», «Almaty night», «morning of Astana», «city girl», «street lights», etc. in Kazakh literary studies by analyzing the works written on the theme of the city in modern Kazakh literature. The methodological basis of the research is the work of scientists Y.M. Lotman, V.N. Toporov, S.P. Gurin, V.V. Ivanov, N.V. Schmidt, V.G. Ilyina et al., who analyzed the urban text. The definition of the concept of «urban text» is systematized and presented. The poems of G. Zhailybai, D. Kapuly and A. Fayzolla devoted to the theme of the city were taken as the object of research. During the analysis of poems written about the city, the peculiarities of the perception of the city by poets were revealed. In the process of identifying intertextual elements in literary texts (reminiscence, allusion), the authors confirmed the hypothesis of the study «The history of any city is connected with the name of a particular person, with historical events». Also, the poets' feelings towards the city (alienation, loneliness, getting used to the city, etc.) were illustrated by examples from works of art. The methods of structural-semantic, intertextual, hermeneutic research were used in the course of the study in order to identify and describe the features of the «urban text» in modern Kazakh poetry. The results obtained on the basis of the study can be used as additional educational material in preparation for lectures and practical classes in the disciplines of «Theory of Literature», «Modern Kazakh literature» taught at universities.

Qualitative Study on the Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Products Labelled "Food for Special Medicinal Use" (FSMP).

This study aimed to investigate Romanian physicians' awareness, recommendation practices, and opinions regarding the use of Foods for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) products. A total of ten physicians were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and their responses were analysed using thematic content analysis. The study found that physicians were aware of FSMPs and recommended them to their patients based on nutritional deficits, weight loss, or deglutition impairments. In addition, disease stage, treatment scheme, taste, affordability, and availability were identified as factors influencing the recommendation and use of FSMPs. While physicians generally did not consult clinical trials, clinical experience was deemed essential for recommending FSMPs to patients. Patients' feedback regarding the usage and sourcing of FSMPs was generally positive, with some expressing concerns about the availability of different flavours and the costs of purchasing the products. This study concluded that physicians play a vital role in recommending FSMPs to patients and ensuring they have the necessary nutritional support during treatment. However, it may be imperative to consider the provision of additional patient education materials and fostering collaborative efforts with nutritionists in order to optimise the prospects of positive outcomes in oncology treatment, while simultaneously alleviating the financial burdens faced by patients.

Нейросеть Twee – новый инструментарий для педагога английского языка

Importance. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies into educational processes is becoming an irreversible process in the development of the information society. With regard to the methodology of foreign language teaching, many researchers note the huge potential of new technologies that can be used to increase the effectiveness of teaching and improve the quality of education. Artificial intelligence technologies are actively used in adaptive learning of foreign languages. Neural networks allow creating personalized training programs and unique content that meet the level of development of the student and his personal interests and needs. Artificial intelligence technologies make it possible to automate the performance of a number of pedagogical tasks, thereby saving the teacher’s time. Such tasks include the generation of educational content and automated assessment of academic performance. Numerous virtual assistants working on artificial intelligence algorithms make it possible to effectively learn a foreign language, respond to students’ requests, provide additional educational materials, give recommendations and are able to maintain feedback. However, despite the obvious advantages, neural networks have a number of significant disadvantages that can negatively affect the learning process. The purpose of this work is to study the Twee neural network, which is positioned as an effective assistant to an English teacher, to determine its linguistic and didactic potential and functional features, to identify its strengths and weaknesses, as well as to determine its applicability for solving certain pedagogical tasks. Research Methods. Theoretical methods are used to conduct the research: the study of scientific literature on the research topic, analysis, generalization and classification; empirical methods: observation, description and experimental verification; practical methods: modeling the educational process. As a result of studying the linguodidactic potential and functional features of the Twee neural network, its tools are identified and described, allowing an English teacher to plan, organize and evaluate the educational process. Results and Discussion. The applicability of the Twee neural network to the process of learning English has been studied and described in detail. This neural network allows generating unique educational content and creating communicative exercises aimed at developing all types of speech activity and aspects of language, with the exception of phonetics. The paper also analyzes the capabilities of the Twee neural network to perform pedagogical tasks that an English teacher faces on a daily basis. Conclusion. In the current state, the Twee neural network is the first qualitative step towards integrating artificial intelligence technologies into the methodology of teaching a foreign language. Having a number of obvious advantages, this neural network will not be able to completely replace an English teacher, but will act as an additional learning tool. The obtained results and conclusions can be used in further research on the methodology of teaching foreign languages using artificial intelligence technologies.

Creating an online educational intervention to improve knowledge about systematic reviews among healthcare workers: mixed-methods pilot study

BackgroundLack of knowledge about systematic reviews (SRs) could prevent individual healthcare workers (HCWs) from using SRs as a source of information in their clinical practice or discourage them from participating in such research. In this study, we aimed to explore in-depth the opinion of a sample of HCWs about the newly created online educational intervention designed to improve knowledge about SRs.MethodsWe created a brief online educational intervention on SRs, consisting of 11 textual modules. We evaluated it among practicing HCWs who graduated from a university-level health sciences program using a mixed-methods pilot study that consisted of pre- and post-intervention questionnaires and qualitative evaluation via semi-structured interviews. We assessed participants’ knowledge about SR methodology before and after the intervention, and compared the responses. We sought their opinions about the characteristics of SRs. Also, the participants were presented with four scientific abstracts, where they were asked to distinguish whether those abstracts presented summaries of a systematic or a non-systematic review.ResultsTwelve participants took part in the study. In the pilot study, the participants’ knowledge about SRs was improved after the intervention compared to the baseline. Participants provided positive feedback regarding the educational intervention. Suggestions to improve the educational intervention were to provide more details about the forest plot, add more digital content or images, provide more details about the methodological steps of an SR, add descriptions about practical applications of SRs and provide links to additional educational materials. The participants suggested that HCWs could be motivated to take part in such an education if it is offered as continuing medical education (CME) course or credit for academic/career advancement.ConclusionHCWs provided positive feedback about the newly designed online educational intervention on SRs; they considered it an appropriate tool for learning about SRs and resulted in increased knowledge about SRs. In addition, participants gave suggestions for improving education, which can be used to tailor the education for end-users. In future studies, it would be useful to examine the effectiveness of the modified educational intervention on increasing knowledge in a larger sample and in the form of a randomized controlled trial.

Usability and Utility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Clinical Decision Support to Increase Knowledge and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiations among Pediatric Providers.

An effective clinical decision support system (CDSS) may address the current provider training barrier to offering preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to youth at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study evaluated change in provider knowledge and the likelihood to initiate PrEP after exposure to a PrEP CDSS. A secondary objective explored perceived provider utility of the CDSS and suggestions for improving CDSS effectiveness. This was a prospective study using survey responses from a convenience sample of pediatric providers who launched the interruptive PrEP CDSS when ordering an HIV test. McNemar's test evaluated change in provider PrEP knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP. Qualitative responses on CDSS utility and suggested improvements were analyzed using framework analysis and were connected to quantitative analysis elements using the merge approach. Of the 73 invited providers, 43 had available outcome data and were included in the analysis. Prior to using the CDSS, 86% of participants had never been prescribed PrEP. Compared to before CDSS exposure, there were significant increases in the proportion of providers who were knowledgeable about PrEP (p = 0.0001), likely to prescribe PrEP (p < 0.0001) and likely to refer their patient for PrEP (p < 0.0001). Suggestions for improving the CDSS included alternative "triggers" for the CDSS earlier in visit workflows, having a noninterruptive CDSS, additional provider educational materials, access to patient-facing PrEP materials, and additional CDSS support for adolescent confidentiality and navigating financial implications of PrEP. Our findings suggest that an interruptive PrEP CDSS attached to HIV test orders can be an effective tool to increase knowledge and likelihood to initiate PrEP among pediatric providers. Continual improvement of the PrEP CDSS based on provider feedback is required to optimize usability, effectiveness, and adoption. A highly usable PrEP CDSS may be a powerful tool to close the gap in youth PrEP access and uptake.

Surveillance mammography in older breast cancer survivors: Current practice patterns and patient perceptions

IntroductionAlthough the benefits of surveillance mammography for older breast cancer survivors have not been quantified prospectively, it is unlikely that mammography provides substantial benefit (and possible that mammography is harmful) to women with limited life expectancy and a low risk for in-breast cancer events. Materials and MethodsWe identified 1268 women aged 77 and older with a history of Stage I-III breast cancer, who did not undergo bilateral mastectomy, were diagnosed with cancer at least three years prior to study entry, and who had consented to be surveyed as part of the Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry. We mailed them a one-time survey asking about their experiences with surveillance mammography. Women with metastatic disease were excluded. The primary endpoint was whether or not women reported at least one mammogram since breast cancer surgery. ResultsEight hundred forty-six of 1268 (67%) returned the survey, 734 of whom were eligible for analysis. The median age at the time of survey was 82, and the median time since cancer diagnosis was 12 years. Ninety-three percent reported having had at least one mammogram since their initial breast cancer surgery. Seventy-nine percent reported that they had surveillance mammography annually over the prior three years, including 76% of the 491 aged 80+ and 64% of the 189 aged 85 + . DiscussionMost older breast cancer survivors who have residual breast tissue are undergoing annual mammograms. Additional educational materials may be beneficial for patients and clinicians to better individualize plans for surveillance mammography in older breast cancer survivors.

“I Didn’t Know What They’re Gonna Do to Me: So That’s Why I Said No”: Why Youth Decline HIV Testing in Emergency Departments

Youth between the ages of 13 and 24 account for over 20% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States but are the least likely age group to be HIV tested in healthcare settings including the emergency department. This is in part due to the fact that almost 50% of youth decline testing when offered. We elucidated youth patients’ perspectives on barriers to and facilitators of routine HIV testing of youth in an urban emergency department setting. Thirty-seven patients aged 13–24 years were recruited from the pediatric and adult emergency departments at a high-volume hospital in New York City from August 2019 to March 2020. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with all participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Youths’ main reasons for declining HIV testing when offered included low risk perception, privacy concerns, HIV-related stigma, and low levels of HIV-related knowledge. Participants’ responses suggested that HIV educational materials provided when testing is offered may be insufficient. Participants recommended providing additional HIV education and better incorporating HIV testing into the emergency department routine to increase testing among youth. Efforts are needed to help youth recognize their own HIV risk and increase their HIV-related knowledge. This may be accomplished by providing youth with additional educational materials on HIV, possibly via tablet-based interventions or other methods that may enhance privacy, combined with discussions with healthcare providers. Such efforts may help increase HIV testing acceptance among youth seen in the emergency department.

The Visible Ape Project: a free, comprehensive, web‐based anatomical atlas designed to raise public awareness about apes

Based at a Howard University, the Visible Ape Project (www.visibleapeproject.com) aims to provide free, publicly accessible anatomical educational resources suitable for classrooms from K‐12 and beyond. It is designed to comprehensively illustrate anatomy and anatomical variation within and between extant ape species. It contains photographs, MRI, CT scans, and 3D models to explore homologies and variations in soft and hard tissues across hylobatids, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. These include detailed, labeled 3D artist renderings of the musculoskeletal system as well as 3D models of the skeletal and central nervous system based on radiological imaging of apes. They can be manipulated or downloaded and 3D printed to explore anatomy interactively, promoting active learning. Additional educational materials are available, including information about non‐human ape species, lesson plans, and a glossary of evolutionary and anatomical terms.The primary goals of the project are to promote human and ape evolutionary anatomy, broadly, and to integrate and disseminate to communities underrepresented in anthropology and evolutionary biology, specifically. Accordingly, the VAP incorporates outreach activities to disseminate science and promote awareness of apes, forming partnerships with veterinarians and conservationists in Africa and Asia. Additionally, we include many resources in Spanish. The site has been accessed by individuals from many countries across the globe, including many Spanish speaking countries, and nearly all US states. In this presentation, we will introduce the website to illustrate how this accessible, evolving resource can support research and education in human and comparative anatomy.

Research of CLIL Teaching Materials

Content and Language Integrated Learning as a widely used and in-demand technology in the field of foreign language teaching has recently begun to be introduced into the practice of secondary schools in our country. The problems associated with the implementation of CLIL can be attributed to the cultural, linguistic and professional experience of teachers (and students), the relative unpreparedness of teachers to use this complex and integrated approach, the problems of evaluation in the context of two-way, i.e. subject-language education and, most importantly, limited access to specialized educational materials on CLIL. At the same time, the search, adaptation and preparation of suitable and attractive educational material corresponding to the language level of students and taking into account their age characteristics is a job that requires a lot of time, labor and special competencies. It's no secret that there is no serious research in this area. The proposed article discusses the educational materials used in the subject-language integrated learning as one of the urgent problems in this area. What educational material do teachers and students prefer to work with and why? Teachers make additional educational materials, not limited to the use of ready-made textbooks. How are learning materials perceived by students that help the teacher adapt to the language level of students, focusing on the correspondence between students and the learning material, thereby improving student independence and creating a safe learning environment? We believe that our results can be considered as a starting point for future research in the field of theory and practice of developing CLIL teaching materials in teacher training courses and advanced training of subject teachers involved in the process of multilingual learning.

Food Safety Education Needs Assessment for Small-Scale Produce Growers Interested in Value-Added Food Production

Production of value-added foods is of growing interest to small-scale produce growers. However, previous studies reported that they lack sufficient food safety awareness and have limited knowledge of applicable food safety regulations. Targeted food safety education can help to address these challenges. This study used focus groups and a combination of Web-based and printed surveys to evaluate growers' attitudes toward and knowledge of value-added business and to assess their food safety education needs. In total, 136 Indiana produce growers participated in the study, including 38 focus group participants and 98 survey participants. Overall, growers were aware of the importance of food safety, with 78% of the survey participants agreeing strongly that food safety was a top priority in value-added businesses. Most survey participants (82%) self-reported being knowledgeable about food safety. Most were confident in their ability to run a successful value-added business. The top two barriers that hindered growers from learning about food safety were time limitations and an overwhelming amount of information. Growers preferred to receive additional educational materials on selling non-home-based vendor products, communication strategies with regulators and inspectors, and marketing strategies; they trusted the information from extension educators and university extension publications the most. This study guides the development of future food safety education programs for small-scale growers who are interested in establishing a value-added business.

Alexander von Humboldt and the United States: Art, Nature, and Culture by Eleanor Jones Harvey

Reviewed by: Alexander von Humboldt and the United States: Art, Nature, and Culture by Eleanor Jones Harvey Laura Dassow Walls (bio) Alexander von Humboldt and the United States: Art, Nature, and Culture eleanor jones harvey Smithsonian American Art Museum, in association with Princeton University Press 2020 444 pp. Few books on Alexander von Humboldt, the nineteenth century's world-famous explorer, scientist, and popular writer, are fully equal to their subject; this one is. It was created to accompany the exhibition at the Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM), Alexander von Humboldt and the United States: Art, Nature, and Culture, which opened in March 2020—just days after COVID-19 shut down the nation—and ran through July 2021. Fortunately the exhibit lives on, thanks to the online materials which include an illuminating video tour and a trove of additional educational materials, suitable for classroom use from elementary grades through college courses. [End Page 302] Even more fortunately, the exhibit will live on for decades to come in the pages of this magnificent book. Eleanor Jones Harvey, senior curator at the SAAM, has not only assembled a stunning exhibition; she has also written a panoramic narrative that takes in the full sweep of nineteenth-century American science, politics, art, literature, and culture. The result is a mammoth volume, its dense text leavened with scores of supplemental illustrations and interleaved with 110 full-color plates reproducing the exhibition's artworks and historical documents, the whole beautifully bound and wrapped in a lavish cover. This all makes it look superficially like an exhibit catalogue, a coffee-table book suitable for idle browsing. It may be that, but it's also much, much more, a book that begs to be read and reread. The more one studies the complex conversation offered here between the narrative and images, the more pathways it opens for further inquiry. As for the text itself, Harvey has written a rich, detailed, and lengthy scholarly monograph that brings Humboldt's America, and Humboldt himself, fully to life. She draws on the full range of world scholarship on Humboldt (including several works by the author of this review); but to it she adds reams of new information drawn from her own original archival research, including revelatory passages from Humboldt himself that have never before appeared in English. Even the most experienced Humboldt scholars will find surprises on every page, and all will appreciate the thoroughly annotated citations in Harvey's lengthy footnotes. The volume is capped off with the exhibition catalogue, plus a "selected" bibliography that nevertheless runs for twenty-four of its elephant-folio pages. The result is arguably the finest and most extensive single volume in English on the profound and far-reaching impact on the United States by that world-renowned German scientist, explorer, diplomat, artist, writer, and all-around force of nature, Alexander von Humboldt. Suppressed after his death by authorities suspicious of his poetic prose and hostile to his prodemocratic, anti-imperial politics, Humboldt today is overshadowed by his followers—especially the most famous of them, Charles Darwin. But in his own day, Humboldt was widely recognized not only as the world's most famous living scientist, but also as one of the era's most famous human beings, the very icon of science itself, seen as a progressive and humanistic endeavor open to all. For most of the nineteenth century, he was a ubiquitous presence, a point of reference in science, politics, culture and the arts across the Americas, Eurasia, and the British Commonwealth. We live, said Emerson, in "the Age of Humboldt." [End Page 303] To unpack Emerson's statement is a tremendous project, as this book—which is literally so large and heavy that reading it is a project in itself—makes clear. Humboldt's vision is impossible to describe briefly because it embraced, literally, everything there is; as many have noted, he was perhaps the last human being in modernity who could attempt to hold all knowledge in one brain. One could call him encyclopedic, for he sought to behold the full extent of the natural world in one grand, interconnected unity: his writings ranged from the celestial sphere composed of stars...

THE USE OF NEWSPAPER TEXTS IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY (legal profile)

The article deals with using newspaper texts in Russian language classes as additional educational material. The author offers a system of tasks for the formation of language competence and development of student’s communication skills of non-language faculties based on the study of stylistic and linguistic features of newspaper and journalistic texts.

Lack of Awareness of Reimbursement and Compensation Models Among Cardiothoracic Surgery Trainees

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to identify trainee knowledge gaps in reimbursement and compensation, determine the perceived importance of understanding these topics, and to explore if the Thoracic Surgery Curriculum needs additional educational material. MethodsThe Thoracic Surgical Residents Association Executive Committee selected the research proposal and distributed an anonymous electronic survey to 531 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education cardiothoracic surgery trainees. Standard descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. ResultsOne hundred fourteen responses were collected (response rate, 21.5%). Most trainees understood little to none about how attending surgeons are reimbursed (n = 74, 69%). Most trainees reported knowing little or nothing about pay-for-performance compensation (n = 73, 67%), bundled care (n = 82, 75%), or value-based reimbursement (n = 84, 77%). Approximately 20% of trainees were accurate in estimating surgeon reimbursement for 3 common cardiothoracic surgery procedures to within 20% of the true reimbursement value, whereas approximately 30% were accurate to within 50% of the true reimbursement value. No respondent characteristics were found to be associated with a more or less accurate reimbursement response. Additionally 81% of trainees (n = 87) responded that by the conclusion of training, understanding surgeon reimbursement is very important or extremely important and 90% of trainees (n = 95) either somewhat agreed or strongly agreed with including these topics in the Thoracic Surgical Curriculum. ConclusionsDespite acknowledging the importance of understanding physician compensation and reimbursement, cardiothoracic surgery trainees do not understand how the current models work. This study exemplifies the need for a succinct curriculum in this domain for trainees nationwide.

Readiness for the Profession of Students With Different Psychotypes in a Digital Educational Environment

In this article, the authors examined the readiness for the profession of students with different psychotypes studying in a pedagogical direction in a digital educational environment. The purpose of this study is to study the readiness for the profession of students with different psychotypes, studying in a pedagogical direction in a digital educational environment. The article deals with the classification of personality psychotypes. The main theoretical approaches to the concept of readiness for the future profession of students are analyzed. Studied the readiness for the profession of students with different psychotypes in the digital educational environment. The study involved 60 respondents - students of the pedagogical direction of the Southern Federal University. The research methods were psychodiagnostic techniques and methods of mathematical statistics. The data obtained as a result of the research will help to select a new or change the existing toolkit for working with students in the process of forming their professional competencies and skills, as well as make adjustments to the content and methods of providing the main and additional educational material in the framework of the digitalization of the educational sphere of activity.

Географические ошибки: их виды, причины, пути и способы устранения

This article examines the features of making geographical mistakes in the contexts of school education, preparation and passing the Unified State Exam. The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity to analyze the mistakes made by school graduates at the Unified State Exam (USE) in geography, in order to provide additional educational material for geography school teachers and eliminate gaps in the knowledge, skills and abilities of schoolchildren. Besides analyzing such mistakes the research was aimed at considering the geographical mistakes made by schoolchildren, as well as reasons for them and ways of elimination. The following principal research methods were used to achieve this aim: theoretical analysis of geographical, psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem under study, statistical, and pedagogical analyses. The authors have highlighted common types of geographical mistakes. All the recurrent mistakes made by schoolchildren at the exam can be divided into four groups associated with: work on cartographic material, misunderstanding of cause-and-effect relationships, misformulated conclusion or incorrect analysis, and incorrect spelling or pronunciation of the names of geographical objects. The following conclusions on the reasons of geographical errors were made: low demand for the 6-8 grades educational material in senior grades; lack of knowledge of geographical terms; misunderstanding of the role of geographical location for the development of the territory; the laws of development of nature and social economic processes and phenomena. The results obtained have certain significance for both future graduates planning to take the Unified State Exam and considering field of geography as their future profession, and geography teachers in comprehensive schools.

Сформированность гигиенических знаний учащихся начальной школы

Relevance of the topic. The formation of hygienic knowledge which are necessary to maintain our own health is an extended period in the life of each pupil at all levels of education. An effectively developed and established system of hygienic knowledge in the organization of education of schoolchildren will maintain a stable level and favorable dynamics of the functional state of the body of pupils, their mental efficiency, will increase the desire to preserve personal health and will become part of the education of any cultural person. Purpose: assessment of the level of hygienic knowledge 34 students of the 3rd and 34 grades of secondary school No. 59 in Gomel attending extended-day groups. Methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of data of scientific and methodical literature, questioning, test exercises and statistical methods of processing of materials. Results: the results of the questionnaire of pupils on the formation of hygienic knowledge have been determined. Among pupils of 3rd and 4th forms, the "middle" level of knowledge dominates. Conclusions: Familiarization of primary school pupils with the basics of their hygienic knowledge is one of the effective ways to involve children in physical exercise, sports, interest in physical improvement. The lesson of physical culture and health, due to its methodological features, cannot make up for the lack of this type of knowledge. Therefore, it is obvious that there is a need to develop additional educational material (methodological manuals, logical tasks on this topic, didactic games), to conduct quizzes, talks, information hours, to select modern, research-containing films and to watch them at optional classes, in extended-day groups, etc.).