Additional Characterization Research Articles

Revisiting the description of Atractoscion macrolepis (Perciformes: Sciaenidae): Another argument for comprehensive taxonomy

Atractoscion macrolepis was described as a species separate to A. aequidens, distinguished by a geographically-separated distribution, genetic evidence and a diagnostic meristic character: the number of pored lateral line scales. However, the distinction of these species and description of A. macrolepis were based on the examination of a limited number of specimens, some of which were incorrectly catalogued and possibly wrongly identified. Moreover, earlier data, demonstrating the overlap of the supposedly diagnostic character, were overlooked or not considered fully. The present study aimed to reconsider the distinction of these two species and to highlight characters for identification, using a more extensive representation of specimens, additional character sets and multivariate analyses. Seven meristic characters, 24 morphometric measurements and nine otolith variables were examined from up to 33 specimens of A. aequidens and 52 specimens of A. macrolepis. These were compared among the species and subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses, including Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) and Discriminant Function Analyses (DFAs). No meristic characters, including the number of lateral line scales, could distinguish the species, with modes being identical or with nodes differing, but ranges overlapping. While the PCA of size-transformed morphometric data revealed some separation of the two species, the DFA indicated significant and reliable discrimination. Considering the otolith variables, the PCA showed weak separation of the two species, while fair discrimination was observed in the DFA. ANOVAs indicated a number of significant differences for some transformed otolith measurements, but there were no clear trends with respect to proportions that would discriminate the species. Further exploration of those morphometric variables highlighted as contributing to separation in the PCA and DFA provided a number of variables that, when expressed as a proportion of SL and used in combination, discriminate A. aequidens and A. macrolepis: HL, MCL, PFL, AFL and PLFL. The present study does not contest the taxonomic status of A. macrolepis, the distinction of which has been demonstrated repeatedly, but does refute the characters regarded as diagnostic. In light of this, an updated key is provided for the five species of the genus. The study demonstrates the value of increased specimen representation and having data fully available rather than in summary.

Revision of Euliroetis Ogloblin, 1936 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species

In this study, based on the examination of type specimens, the morphology of male and female genitalia and additional body characters, the leaf-beetle genus Euliroetis is taxonomically revised. Five Chinese species of Euliroetis are redescribed, a new synonymy is proposed: E. nigrinota Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 = E. simulonigrinota Yang, 1992, syn. nov., and two new species are described: E. testacea Feng et Yang, sp. nov. and E. tenuis Feng et Yang, sp. nov. Additionally, photographs of all male adults and genitalia, female genitalia, line drawings of all males' abdomens, and a key to species of Euliroetis is provided.

Under the Sea: Investigation of Telson Morphology and Cryptic Diversity within Eucopia sculpticauda, a Deep-Sea Lophogastrid from the Gulf of Mexico (Peracarida: Lophogastrida).

The field of phylogenetics employs a variety of methods and techniques to study the evolution of life across the planet. Understanding evolutionary relationships is crucial to enriching our understanding of how genes and organisms have evolved throughout time and how they could possibly evolve in the future. Eucopia sculpticauda Faxon, 1893 is a deep-water peracarid in the order Lophogastrida Boas, 1883, which can often be found in high abundances in pelagic trawls. The species can be found along the Mariana Trench, in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, west Atlantic and east Pacific Oceans, and in the Gulf of Mexico and as deep as 7526 m. Recent collections of E. sculpticauda in the Gulf of Mexico have revealed putative cryptic diversity within the species based on both molecular and morphological evidence. Previous studies have documented two different morphotypes of the telson: the terminal part of the pleon (abdomen) and part of the tail fan. In adults, the morphotypes can be distinguished by lateral constrictions in the telson. This evidence, combined with a previous barcoding study, led to the speculation that telson morphology may be a distinguishing character useful to define cryptic diversity within E. sculpticauda. This study presents additional molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the large ribosomal subunit (16S), and the nuclear histone 3 gene (H3) to investigate telson morphotypes in relation to evolutionary history within this species. Molecular data identified two strongly supported clades, lending support for potential cryptic diversification within the Gulf of Mexico. Investigations into telson morphology suggest that this character may be informative, but the morphotypes were sometimes ambiguous and additional characters could not be found that discriminate clades. At present, our data suggest early evidence for cryptic diversification within Gulf of Mexico populations, but additional morphological characters and geographic sampling are needed before a new species can be described.

Potret Multikulturalisme dalam Novel Ranah 3 Warna Karya Ahmad Fuadi

The purpose of this research is to find out the values and types of multiculturalism contained in the novel Ranah 3 Warna created by Ahmad Fuadi, and the influence of multiculturalism on the community groups depicted in the novel Ranah 3 Warna. This research uses the theory of literary sociology and the descriptive method. The data source for this research is the novel Ranah 3 Warna. The steps in collecting data include reading and understanding the contents of the novel, conducting literature studies related to the research problem, identifying the main and additional characters, and inventorying data related to multiculturalism in the novel. The validation technique used is the triangulation technique. The data analysis techniques involve identifying and classifying data based on the speech or actions of the characters, analyzing and interpreting the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research include four multicultural values - tolerance, democratic, religious, and cultural - and five types of multiculturalism - isolationist, accommodative, autonomous, critical or interactive, and cosmopolitan. The influence of multiculturalism on community groups is divided into positive and negative influence.

Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Cerpen Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas Karya I Made Sugianto

Short stories are cases of modern Balinese literature which cannot be separated from traditional Balinese literature which must be taught more deeply and the values ​​contained therein are applied. In this research, the short story entitled Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas will be studied. This short story contains a very good meaning for teaching children to care about the environment. The aim of this research is to determine the intrinsic elements and values ​​of character education contained in the short story Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The data collection methods used were interviews, literature and documentation. The results obtained from the short story Luh Ayu Manik Mas Tresna Ring Alas are intrinsic elements such as; theme, namely environmental heroes, incidents, namely there are ten incidents, there are three settings, namely place setting, time setting, and socio-cultural background, characters and characterization are divided into two, namely main characters and additional characters, the plot used is a mixed plot, the message contained in This short story states that we as Balinese people should be able to develop and preserve the existence of plants so that the island of Bali becomes shadier. The character education values ​​contained in this research are; honest, disciplined, hardworking, creative, independent, curious, appreciates achievements, friendly/ communicative, likes to read, cares about the environment, and is responsible.

Tindak Kekerasan dalam Novel Elgara karya Lusiafriaa

This study aims to determine the form of violence in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa, the factors that cause violence in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa, and the impact of violence in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa. The theory in this research is literary sociology theory. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. The data source of this research is the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa. The steps taken in collecting data for this research are reading and understanding the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa, identifying the main and additional characters in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa, looking for and recording events that describe violence in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa, inventorying data on violence in the novel Elgara by Lusiafriaa. The validation technique used in this research is triangulation technique. The data analysis technique in this study is to classify the data based on the speech/actions or thoughts of the characters and narrators related to the forms of violence, factors causing violence, and the impact of violence, analyze (interpretation) the data, conclude the results of data analysis, and write a report. The results of this study are forms of violence consisting of physical violence and psychological violence. Factors causing violence consisting of individual factors and social factors. The impact of violence consists of physical impact, psychological impact, and social impact.

Perubahan Perilaku Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Seperti Dendam Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas karya Eka Kurniawan:

This study aims to determine the form of changes in the main character's behavior in the novel Seperti Dendam Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas by Eka Kurniawan, the stimulus received by the main character in the novel Seperti Dendam Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas by Eka Kurniawan and the main character's response to the stimulus. This research uses literary psychology theory and is a qualitative research that uses descriptive method. Eka Kurniawan's novel entitled Seperti Dendam Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas is used as the data source for this research. The data collection methods include reading and understanding Eka Kurniawan's novel, finding and recording the main and additional characters in the novel, identifying events related to changes in the main character's behavior, and collecting data on changes in the main character's behavior. The validation technique used in this research is triangulation technique. The data analysis technique in this research is classifying the data based on the speech/actions or thoughts of the characters and narrators related to the form of behavior change, stimulus and response of the main character, analyzing/interpreting the data, formulating the results of data analysis, and writing a report. The results of this study are; (1) forms of changes in the main character's behavior. forms of behavior change are grouped into two parts namely; (a) natural changes, and (b) planned changes, (2) Stimuli obtained by the main character are grouped into two parts namely (a) Unconditioned stimulus and (b) Conditioned stimulus. and (3) The main character's response to the stimulus he received is grouped into two parts namely; (a) Unconditioned Response and (b) Conditioned Response.

The genus Adontorhina (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the northern Pacific Ocean: Description of two new species, an expanded description of Adontorhina cyclia S. S. Berry, 1947, and remarks on other species

We describe two new deep-sea species of bivalves of the genus Adontorhina that were found at a depth of 788–2532 m off the Kuril Islands and the southeastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Adontorhina inflata sp. nov.), as well as at a depth of 3210–3432 m in the Sea of Okhotsk and on the oceanic slope of the Kuril Islands (Adontorhina diaphana sp. nov.). Herein, we provide an expanded description of the amphi-Pacific Adontorhina cyclia, which is supplemented with new data on shell morphology, body anatomy, and distribution, based on the analysis of samples collected by 12 expeditions between 1949 and 2015 in various regions of the northwestern Pacific from the coast of Japan to the Bering Sea. The main feature distinguishing the new species from all other Adontorhina species is a unique sculpture of the prodissoconch consisting of thin folds and wrinkles of varying length, shape, and number. In addition, A. inflata sp. nov. differs from other Adontorhina species by having an obliquely ovate, strongly inflated shell with a poorly defined escutcheon and indistinct auricle; and A. diaphana sp. nov. is distinguished by having a subcircular shell with a long and strongly prominent auricle. A thorough study of the prodissoconch morphology of A. cyclia from the western and eastern Pacific, as well as Adontorhina sphaericosa and Adontorhina zelayi, showed that the sculpture of the prodissoconch in all species studied is unique and can be used as an important additional character for the identification and differentiation of Adontorhina species.

Contributions of leaflet anatomy to the distinction of two species of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae—Bombacoideae): Ceiba pubiflora (A. St.-Hil.) K. Schum. and Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna

Ceiba is a genus of tree species with a predominantly neotropical distribution which, in general, are readily recognized in the landscape in the vegetative stage by their large trunk with prickles, commonly ventricose (swollen). Some Ceiba species have overlapping geographical distributions, such as Ceiba speciosa and Ceiba pubiflora. These species have quite uniform vegetative features, making it difficult to differentiate them when they are not in flowering. Here, we examined the leaflet anatomical features of the two species to distinguish them while in the vegetative phase. Fully expanded leaves were collected, fixed, embedded in paraffin, and cross-sections were made from the leaflets' midvein, margin, and intercostal region. Ceiba speciosa has hypostomatic leaflets, with continuous biseriate epidermis along the adaxial face, rectilinear margin with a vascular bundle at the end of the margin, while C. pubiflora has amphistomatic leaflets, with interrupted biseriate epidermis along the adaxial face and curved margin on the abaxial face. These taxonomically important anatomical features of C. speciosa and C. pubiflora leaflets have provided additional characters good for distinguishing the species, especially when they are in the vegetative phase, and therefore updates the existing accounts of the characters useful for the taxonomy of Malvaceae.

Metabolomic Profiling and DNA-Fingerprinting of Newly Recorded White-Flowered Populations of Salvia lanigera Poir. in Egypt.

Salvia lanigera Poir. is a small herbaceous perennial species with violet flowers that grows in low-altitude deserts, and sandy loam. During the collection of S. lanigera, unusual populations with white flowers were found. Therefore, the two populations (violet- and white-flowered) were subjected to comparative investigations, including DNA fingerprinting, chemical composition, and biological evaluation. The two populations showed DNA variations, with 6.66 % polymorphism in ISSR and 25 % in SCoT markers. GC/MS and UHPLC/HRMS of aqueous methanol extracts, led to the tentative identification of 43 and 50 compounds in both populations. In addition, the structures of nine compounds, including four first-time reported compounds in the species, were confirmed by NMR. Furthermore, the total extracts exhibited weak radical scavenging activity against DPPH and a lower inhibitory effect towards acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the obtained data suggested that the white-colored flower could be an additional important character record for the Egyptian S. lanigera.

Kajian Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud Berbasis Novel Karya Tulus Setiyadi untuk Menangani Kecemasan

Anxiety is one of the most common psychological problems experienced by everyone. The novel Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga by Tulus Setiyadi is one of the literary works that raises the issue of anxiety for its characters. Therefore, this research will discuss the anxiety of the main character in the novels Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga by Tulus Setiyadi using the psychoanalytic view proposed by Sigmund Freud. This research aims to explain the anxiety experienced by the main character in both novels. The theory used in this research is Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory. Data collection with literature study method using library techniques, reading, recording and classification. Data analysis is done by looking at the personality structure, anxiety and ego defense mechanisms used by the characters. This type of research is literary research using descriptive method. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, narration from the narrator, characters' speech, and characters' actions related to ego defense mechanisms in Kasrimpet Piweling and Puspita Rinengga novels. The data collection techniques in this research are as follows: (1) conducting a literature study, (2) reading and understanding the novel, (3) marking the parts of the novel that indicate id, ego, and super ego (4) identifying the main characters and additional characters in the novel, (5) recording the data in the novel.

Phylogeny of Australian Acerentomidae species (Protura: Acerentomidae), with a key to identification

The materials of three Acerentomidae species from Australia and Tasmania were studied. Additional morphological characters, such as chaetotaxy of head and notal segments, shape of body setae and porotaxy, are provided based on new materials of Australentulus westraliensis from Australia and Tasmanentulus tasmanicus from Tasmania. A new species, Amphientulus markstivensi, is described from Tasmania. The steps of reduction of morphological characters along the presumed phylogenetic line Acerentulus – Australentulus – Tasmanentulus – Amphientulus are discussed. The apical tuft of setae on the labial palps is reduced in Australentulus, Tasmanentulus and Amphientulus. In Tasmanentulus and Amphientulus there is also a reduction of setal number to two setae on abdominal legs. Phylogenetic relationships within Australian Acerentomidae genera are discussed. An identification key to Australian Acerentomidae species is provided.

Rationality of four-valued families of Weil sums of binomials

We investigate the rationality of Weil sums of binomials of the form WuK,s=∑x∈Kψ(xs−ux), where K is a finite field whose canonical additive character is ψ, and where u is an element of K× and s is a positive integer relatively prime to |K×|, so that x↦xs is a permutation of K. The Weil spectrum for K and s, which is the family of values WuK,s as u runs through K×, is of interest in arithmetic geometry and in several information-theoretic applications. The Weil spectrum always contains at least three distinct values if s is nondegenerate (i.e., if s is not a power of p modulo |K×|, where p is the characteristic of K). It is already known that if the Weil spectrum contains precisely three distinct values, then they must all be rational integers. We show that if the Weil spectrum contains precisely four distinct values, then they must all be rational integers, with the sole exception of the case where |K|=5 and s≡3(mod4).

Devonian Harpetidae from the central and eastern Anti–Atlas, Morocco

The systematics of 37 new species of Devonian Harpetidae from the central and eastern Anti–Atlas Mountains, Morocco, are described. The new material comes from the Dra—Tafilalet region and the province of Tata. A cladistic study was undertaken involving 138 taxa with the objective of assigning the new taxa to the appropriate genera, which are, as far as possible, monophyletic. In order to identify the widespread homoplasy present amongst harpetid taxa, which has proven so problematical for systematics in the past, many additional morphological characters were coded in the data matrix, totaling 111. In addition to the new material, all those described harpetid species from the Devonian and Silurian in which at least 10% of characters could be reliably coded were included in the study. The parsimony analysis using 20 different seeds identified 636 shortest trees; the consensus tree recognised 10 monophyletic clades to accommodate Devonian species. While the node support was weak the topology of the consensus tree is a substantial improvement on those of previous phylogenetic studies which have tended to be pectinate. The new species were assigned to 10 genera. Four genera (Harpes, Lioharpes, Kielania and Eskoharpes) are redefined and Globoharpes is reduced to a junior synonym of Eskoharpes. Three further genera are recognised, Declivoharpes, Fritchaspis and Helioharpes, which have been misinterpreted in the past and the new genera Maghroharpes, Pinnuloharpes and Stoloharpes established. The new species are assigned as follows: to Harpes, H. boudibensis, H. lahceni, H. lentigo, H. oudris, H. prescheri, H. sphenocephalus and H. supercilium; to Lioharpes, L. ammari; L. galea, L. morocconensis, L. saredra, and L. scopulum; to Fritchaspis, F. edgecombei; to Helioharpes, H. aougili; to Kielania: K. tumula; to Eskoharpes, E. sicarius; to Maghroharpes, M. azmamarensis, M. forteyi, M. hammii, M. ihmadii, M. laatchanensis, M. minutipunctus, M. oufatenensis, M. terridus, and M. zguidensis; to Pinnuloharpes, P. apteros, P. chaperon, P. hannabouensis, P haustrum, P. igaouii, P. merzaneensis; P. segaouii. and P. torquis; Stoloharpes, S. calceolus, S. capricornus, S. retiarius, and S. rissaniensis. Decllivoharpes, is also recognised as a genus, although no new species has been assigned to it. The cladogram produced very few synapomorphies and there are no unique diagnostic characters available to determine genera. To assist in the process of assigning species in the future to the correct genera a working guide using combinations of characters and character states used in the study has been prepared. The name Helioharpes perradiatus has been widely used with regard to harpetids from the Anti Atlas. This study shows that this has been a ‘portmanteau’ name for at least three distinct species. All are very different from the type material of H. perradiatus, which was recovered from the Western Meseta to the north of the Atlas Mountains, and has not been found to occur in the Anti-Atlas. The new material figured herein has provided additional information on the eyes of Devonian harpetids of the Anti-Atlas. Typically, each eye lobe has two lenses which vary considerably in shape from species to species and are very different from the symmetrical multi lensed eyes of other Devonian trilobites. Probably in response to environmental changes a small third eye lens appeared for a short time twice, first in the upper Pragian/lower Emsian and then again in the Eifelian. The shape of the Pragian/Emsian lens was circular whereas that of the Eifelian lens was similar to the shape of the two larger accompanying eye lenses.

Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of the mid-Cretaceous neornithischian dinosaur Oryctodromeus cubicularis Varricchio, 2007

ABSTRACT The vertebrate assemblages of the Albian to Cenomanian Wayan Formation of southeastern Idaho and southwestern Montana’s coeval Vaughn Member of the Blackleaf Formation are dominated by the small, burrowing orodromine dinosaur Oryctodromeus cubicularis. Here, we describe in detail the osteology of Oryctodromeus based on new specimens from Idaho and Montana that add substantially to the preliminary description of the types from Montana, and provide a suite of additional diagnostic characters for the taxon: ilium with elongate preacetabular process; elongate cervical vertebra centra with an anteroposterior length 1.6 times the dorsoventral height; elongate dorsal vertebra centra with an anteroposterior length 1.4 times the dorsoventral height; more than 55 elongate caudal vertebrae enveloped in hypaxial and epaxial ossified tendons; and a femoral head on an elongate neck—similar to that of Koreanosaurus—projecting from the greater trochanter at about 35°. The tail, comprising two-thirds of the animal’s roughly 3 meters length, and associated tendon sheaths in the axial column indicate greater flexibility than previously supposed for ossified tendons or, alternatively, suggest that the Oryctodromeus burrows had separate, or multiple entrances and exits. The elongated and angled femoral head likely facilitated digging via a braced splayed-leg posture. Our phylogenetic analysis incorporates new characteristics and supports the monophyly of Orodrominae, a clade of neornithischian dinosaurs from the middle to Late Cretaceous of Asia and western North America that utilized burrowing.

A detailed 3D MRI brain atlas of the African lungfish Protopterus annectens

The study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evolutionary analyses is still in its incipient stage, however, it is particularly useful as it allows us to analyze detailed anatomical images and compare brains of rare or otherwise inaccessible species, evolutionarily contextualizing possible differences, while at the same time being non-invasive. A good example is the lungfishes, sarcopterygians that are the closest living relatives of tetrapods and thus have an interesting phylogenetic position in the evolutionary conquest of the terrestrial environment. In the present study, we have developed a three-dimensional representation of the brain of the lungfish Protopterus annectens together with a rostrocaudal anatomical atlas. This methodological approach provides a clear delineation of the major brain subdivisions of this model and allows to measure both brain and ventricular volumes. Our results confirm that lungfish show neuroanatomical patterns reminiscent of those of extant basal sarcopterygians, with an evaginated telencephalon, and distinctive characters like a small optic tectum. These and additional characters uncover lungfish as a remarkable model to understand the origins of tetrapod diversity, indicating that their brain may contain significant clues to the characters of the brain of ancestral tetrapods.

The f↔f˜ Correspondence and Its Applications in Quantum Information Geometry.

Due to the classifying theorems by Petz and Kubo-Ando, we know that there are bijective correspondences between Quantum Fisher Information(s), operator means, and the class of symmetric, normalized operator monotone functions on the positive half line; this last class is usually denoted as Fop. This class of operator monotone function has a significant structure, which is worthy of study; indeed, any step in understanding Fop, besides being interesting per se, immediately translates into a property of the classes of operator means and therefore of Quantum Fisher Information(s). In recent years, the f↔f correspondence has been introduced, which associates a non-regular element of Fop to any regular element of the same set. In terms of operator means, this amounts to associating a mean with multiplicative character to a mean that has an additive character. In this paper, we survey a number of different settings where this technique has proven useful in Quantum Information Geometry. In Sections 1-4, all the needed background is provided. In Sections 5-14, we describe the main applications of the f↔f˜ correspondence.

Redescription of Arabella iricolor (Montagu, 1804) with descriptions of two new species from the United Kingdom and South Africa

Arabella iricolor (Montagu, 1804) was described with no diagnostic information for the characters used today to distinguish species within the genus. An updated description, together with genetic data, is provided using the holotype in conjunction with additional specimens collected at or near the type locality, to facilitate comparative analysis of other Arabella species and improve taxonomy within the genus. Arabella iricolor can be distinguished primarily through the long notopodial cirri that reach to or beyond the prechaetal lobes on chaetigers 1–9, in combination with unidentate maxilla I on both sides, four short digitiform pygidial cirri and gradually tapering ventralmost chaetae. The updated description and molecular information enabled the identification of a new species co-habiting with A. iricolor at the type locality and elsewhere. The new species, Arabella ampulliformis sp. nov., is characterised by two lateral pygidial lobes that extend into short cirri, appearing ampulliform in lateral view, in combination with a bifid left maxilla I, short left and long right maxilla II, short notopodial cirri and gradually tapering ventralmost chaetae. A new species from South Africa is also described, Arabella umgazanae sp. nov., distinguished through a bifid left maxilla I, short left and long right maxilla II, short notopodial cirri, two large lateral pygidial lobes and gradually tapering ventralmost chaetae along with additional characters relating to the chaetae, mandibles and maxillary apparatus. Problems surrounding the identification of Arabella species in South Africa are discussed in conjunction with details of the other species reported from the region. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9E60941E-7F95-4327-8884-5A56A5E7F309

A review of Odontiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Iran, with description of two new species

The Odontiinae species of Iran are reviewed. Tegostoma pseudosarobiella Alipanah & Nazari sp. n. and T. tremewani Alipanah & Nazari sp. n. are newly described. Tegostoma moeschleri (Christoph, 1862) is considered as a senior synonym of T. uniforma Amsel, 1951 syn. n., T. lepidalis lepidalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) as a senior synonym of T. lepidalis apurpurealis Amsel, 1970 syn. n., and Aeschremon belutschistanalis Amsel, 1959 as a senior synonym of Tegostoma marginalis Amsel, 1961 syn. n. The genus Autocharis Swinhoe, 1894 and five species, namely Aporodes dentifascialis Christoph in Romanoff, 1887, Cynaeda forsteri de Lattin, 1951, Aeschremon ochrealis Asselbergs, 2008, A. desertalis Asselbergs, 2008 and Autocharis fessalis (Swinhoe, 1887) are newly reported for the fauna of Iran. The redescription of female of Tegostoma confluentalis Hampson, 1913, male genitalia of Aeschremon belutschistanalis, and female genitalia of Epimetasia abbasalis Amsel, 1974 are presented. The hitherto unknown female of A. belutschistanalis and the hitherto unknown male of E. abbasalis are described and illustrated. The intraspecific variations of the species if present are discussed and additional new diagnostic characters to separate the closely related species are presented. Data on the geographical distribution of the Iranian species of this subfamily as well as their distribution maps are provided.

Revised description of the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), and a key to all Eriophyoidea on Vaccinium

In 2014 the blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Acari: Trombidformes: Eriophyidae), was detected in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa for the first time causing significant damage to cultivated blueberries. This was the first detection of this pest outside of North America, to which it is native. However, its taxonomic description at that time lacked critical detail and omitted characters and life stages important for easy and accurate identification. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we combined phase contrast light microscopy with low-temperature SEM and DNA barcoding data to revise the description of A. vaccinii using South African specimens. Additional characters not included in previous descriptions but reported here are the h1 (accessory) setae, leg I & II u’ (mesal) setae, and leg II bv (femoral) setae. Detailed descriptions and measurements of all life stages are included, along with a discussion of morphological variation and biology. Two DNA sequences of common barcode regions (nuclear and mitochondrial) are provided to further aid in identification. In addition, a key to all known species of eriophyoid mites present on Vaccinium is provided.