Addition Of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Research Articles

A method for synthesis of waterborne polyurethane using an eco-friendly surfactant

In general, waterborne polyurethane molecular chains containing hydrophilic groups usually require extended drying times to achieve sufficient film formation, thereby increasing energy consumption. The preparation of high-solid content waterborne polyurethane has attracted significant attention in both scientific research and industrial applications. The primary challenges associated with increasing the solid content of waterborne polyurethane are poor fluidity and inadequate storage stability. In this study, two surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate and polyethylene glycol, were incorporated into the emulsification process of waterborne polyurethane to achieve a solid content of more than 50 %. The effect of different addition levels ranging from 1 to 5 wt% on viscosity, storage stability, physical and mechanical properties, thermal properties, and surface morphology of dried WPU films was further investigated. Waterborne polyurethane dispersion without surfactants solidified within a month, whereas those with surfactants remained stable for up to four months. Furthermore, the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate and polyethylene glycol significantly reduced the viscosity of waterborne polyurethane to 6–80 P and 3–17 P, respectively. Compared to SDS, PEG offers several advantages, including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and solubility in various solvents. The addition of 1 wt% polyethylene glycol resulted in a stable waterborne polyurethane dispersion, achieving a solids content above 50 % with a viscosity of 17 P. This fundamental study establishes a pathway for preparing high solid content WPU using environmentally friendly surfactants.

Utilization of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Bay Leaf Oil (Syzygium Polyanthum W.) as Antibacterial for Streptococcus Mutants

Dental caries is a disease that can damage hard tooth tissue caused by the activity of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Streptococcus mutans bacteria are the leading cause of dental caries disease. Efforts to prevent dental caries can be made using toothpaste, but toothpaste cannot reach areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush. Another method that can be used is mouthwash. This study was developed with the active ingredient compound HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil in mouthwash to have an antimicrobial effect to prevent dental caries. This study aimed to determine the chemical physics characteristics and antibacterial activity of mouthwash preparations based on hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil. In this study, the active ingredients hydroxyapatite-chitosan-bay leaf oil was used with variations in the concentration of bay leaf oil, namely 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 %. FT-IR characterization showed the presence of OH, N-H, CH, C=O, C=C, C-O, and PO43- functional groups. The pH test on the mouthwash showed compliance with the quality standard for mouthwash pH, which has a pH range of 5-7. The homogeneity test results in the mouthwash preparation showed no sediment or separation. Antibacterial activity testing showed that the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The inhibition zone in the strong category with an average of 12.75 mm was shown in the HAp-chitosan-bay leaf oil mouthwash preparation formulation with a concentration of 2.5% bay leaf oil with the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

Mass transfer behaviour and energy utilization efficiency of gas sparged rotating cylinder reactor and possible applications

This work aims to investigate the mass transfer behaviour of a gas sparged rotating cylinder electrochemical reactor suitable for conducting diffusion-controlled liquid-solid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Variables studied were: cylinder rotation speed, N2 superficial velocity and the effect of sodium lauryl sulphate surface-active agent concentration. Gas sparging enhanced the rate of mass transfer by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 2.67. Addition of sodium lauryl sulphate reduced the rate of mass transfer by an amount ranging from 2.7 to 27%. The effect of specific power consumption (∈) on the mass transfer coefficient of un-sparged rotating cylinder was found to agree fairly with the well-known Calderbank – Moo-Young equation. The performance of the gas sparged rotating cylinder was expressed in terms of the criterion kA∈. The value of kA∈ was found to increase with decreasing gas superficial velocity and cylinder rotation speed. Possible applications of the present study for designing electrochemical reactors suitable for conducting diffusion limited reactions such as production of H2O2, flue gas desulphurization and air pollution control were highlighted. The possible use of the present reactor as a catalytic reactor for conducting diffusion controlled biochemical reactions catalyzed by immobilized enzyme or cell was noted.

Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Gliclazide and Nimodipine Bilayer Tablets for the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Background: In today's world, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension have become universal, and a large number of patients are living with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which often coexist. The core idea of this study was the development of bilayer tablets collected from two unlike categories of drugs through a straightforward and easy-to-scale-up approach.
 Objective: In the present investigation, a bilayer tablet of Gliclazide and Nimodipine was developed to enhance long-suffering patient compliance. The objective of the current investigation was to develop a bilayer dosage form of Gliclazide and Nimodipine for oral route of administration that will liberate Nimodipine immediately and Gliclazide for 12 hrs. to increase the oral bioavailability of the drug.
 Methodology: The immediate-release (IR) sheet was developed by a variety of super-disintegrants like Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch glycolate, and the sustained-release (SR) sheet was developed by a variety of polymers like Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (HPC), and Eudragit. Initially, the Gliclazide sheet was positioned in the die cavity and compacted. Then Nimodipine sheet was placed in the die cavity and compacted with a most favourable hardness of 6–8 kg/cm2 to get bilayer tablets.
 Results and Discussion: The in-vitro drug release of Nimodipine was 97% in 30 minutes and Gliclazide was 98% in 12 hours. The drug release of Gliclazide was only 4.7% in the first 30 minutes; it showed that drug release of Gliclazide was negligible up to 30 minutes. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate to the (IR) sheet and dissolution medium (SR) improved the drug release from both sheets. 
 Conclusion: The current research concluded that the selected bilayer tablet was found good to treat diabetes mellitus and hypertension by the chronological release of both drugs from a developed bilayer tablet. Also, this bilayer tablet reduces the dosage frequency.

The role of sodium lauryl sulfate on formulation of directly compressed tablets containing simvastatin and aspirin: Effect on drugs dissolution and gastric mucosa

According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), both aspirin and statin are used in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin (ASA) is contraindicated if there is gastrointestinal bleeding because it will exaggerate the condition. In this study, the effect of surfactant; sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), in enhancing the in vitro dissolution of simvastatin (SIM) and ASA, as well as gastric irritation and upset, was studied. Oral tablets containing both ASA and SIM with and without the SLS were manufactured using the direct compression technique. The prepared tablets were characterized with respect to hardness, friability, uniformity of dosage units, in vitro disintegration, and dissolution. The effect of the addition of SLS in reducing the in vivo irritation and protection of gastric mucosa were also investigated. The results showed that the compressed tablets possessed sufficient hardness, acceptable friability, and are uniform with respect to disintegration, drugs contents, and tablet weight. The results showed that SIM alone exhibited a gastroprotective effect on the induced irritation. In addition, the incorporation of the SLS in the tablets containing SIM and ASA significantly enhanced the dissolution rates of both drugs and significantly decreased the gastric irritation and the ulcer index. The ulcer index of aspirin was decreased from 2.3 for tablets manufactured without SLS to 0.8 for tablets containing SLS. In a conclusion, the addition of pH modifier surfactant; SLS could enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble acidic drugs, reduce gastric upset and irritation without any effect on the main characters of the tablets. Moreover, the addition of SLS is very useful in improving the therapeutic activities and reducing the side effects of ASA and SIM for patients who require long-term administration of these drugs.

Dose-Dependent Solubility-Permeability Interplay for Poorly Soluble Drugs under Non-Sink Conditions.

We investigated the solubility–permeability interplay using a solubilizer additive under non-sink conditions. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was used as a solubilizer additive. The solubility and permeability of two poorly soluble drugs at various doses, with or without SLS, were evaluated by flux measurements. The total permeated amount of griseofulvin, which has high permeability, increased by the addition of SLS. On the other hand, triamcinolone, which has low permeability, showed an almost constant rate of permeation regardless of the SLS addition. The total permeated amount of griseofulvin increased by about 20–30% when the dose amount exceeded its solubility, whereas its concentration in the donor chamber remained almost constant. However, the total permeated amount of triamcinolone was almost constant regardless of dose amount. These results suggest that the permeability of the unstirred water layer (UWL) may be affected by SLS and solid drugs for high-permeable drugs. The effect of solid drugs could be explained by a reduction in the apparent UWL thickness. For the appropriate evaluation of absorption, it would be essential to consider these effects.

Enhanced drug loading of in situ forming gels for oral mucositis pain control

Localized delivery to oral mucositis ulcerations requires specialized dosage forms, (e.g. in situ forming gels) delivered to the site in relatively low volumes. However, this is challenging for drugs with low solubility such as Bupivacaine γ-Linoleate (Bup-γL). The objective of this study is to develop an in situ forming gel with enhanced loading of Bup-γL for oral mucositis pain control. Two co-solvents (PEG400 and ethanol) and eight solubilizers (Tween 80, sodium lauryl sulfate, Cremophor® RH40, Cremophor® EL, Kolliphor® HS 15, Soluplus®, PEG 3350 and PEG8000) were screened for their capability to solubilize Bup-γL. Among all tested solubilizers, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) showed the highest solubilizing capacity (8.83 ± 0.94 mg/mL). This was considered to be a consequence of the similarity between the structure of SLS and Bup-γL. On the addition of SLS to the in situ forming gels, the drug loading was enhanced from ~6.5 to ~10.5 mg/ml. The formulations were characterized for their gelation temperature, rheological properties, in vitro drug release and short-term storage stability. The gelation temperatures of the in situ forming gel formulations were significantly reduced with enhanced drug loading. The in vitro drug release profiles showed good fit to both the first order and the Higuchi models. Formulations with SLS demonstrated sustained drug release (time to plateau ~7 h) compared with formulations without SLS (time to plateau ~3.5 h). This study offers an effective strategy to enhance drug loading of in situ forming gels. The enhanced drug loading will reduce the dosing volume and as such is expected to reduce any unwanted numbing of the healthy mucosa.

Reduction of acid mist emission in formation process of Automotive lead acid battery manufacturing industry by means of an electrolyte additive

The sulphuric acid mist released during plate formation process of Automotive Lead Acid Battery manufacturing Industry is a major concern to environmental sustainability and there is a strong environmental drive to control its emission into the work environment. The present work is mainly aimed to reduce the acid mist emission at source itself without affecting the product performance. A “simple and salient” method to reduce the acid mist was carried out using an organic surfactant namely, “Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS)” as an additive to the acid electrolyte. The best method of adding SLS into the electrolyte is by adding it to the required volume of electrolyte that was already filled. After addition of SLS, batteries are subjected to regular formation process. It is noteworthy that acid mist was noticeably reduced i.e. as high as 40% with the addition of SLS to the electrolyte. The study reveal that SLS is a cost effective and viable technique for acid mist reduction and therefore by making manufacturing of Automotive Lead Acid Batteries system in compliance with OSHA's regulations.

Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate

AbstractPreparation of inclusion complex using cyclodextrins is a well-known formulation strategy to elevate the solubility of drugs. However, often cyclodextrins alone may not bring a considerable improvement in the solubility of low solubility drugs. In this study, the inclusion complexation of furosemide (FSM) was tried with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) either with the use or without the use of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which is a surfactant. By using the kneading method, the binary complex of FSM/β-CD in the equal molar ratio was used. FSM and β-CD were kneaded continuously until a thick past was achieved, which was evaporated for a period of about 24 h. The solid complexed product was then crushed and stored in airtight container until use. Phase solubility studies confirmed a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 (FSM/β-CD and FSM/β-CD with SLS). The apparent stability constant and complexation efficiencies of significantly enhanced in the presence of SLS. The prepared complexes were evaluated for DSC, PXRD, 1H NMR, and in vitro release studies. The results exhibited a significant enhancement in diuresis in rats. It is evident that the addition of SLS with β-CD significantly enhances the solubilizing efficiencies and hence bioavailability of FSM.

Improving solubility and oral bioavailability of a novel antimalarial prodrug: comparing spray-dried dispersions with self-emulsifying drug delivery systems

To improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of a novel antimalarial agent ELQ-331(a prodrug of ELQ-300), spray-dried dispersions (SDD) and a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) were developed. SDD were prepared with polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (Soluplus®) polymer carrier and Aeroperl® 300 Pharma and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction. For SEDDS, solubility in oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants was determined and ternary phase diagram was constructed to show self-emulsifying area. SEDDS were characterized for spontaneous emulsification and droplet size distribution. The amorphous ELQ-331 SDD improved the solubility to 10× in fast-state simulated intestinal fluid and addition of sodium lauryl sulphate externally to SDDs further improved the solubility to ∼28.5× versus non-formulated drug. SEDDS had good self-emulsifying characteristics with small emulsion droplet sizes and narrow particle distribution. Oral pharmacokinetic studies for SDD and SEDDS formulations were performed in rats. The ELQ-331 rapidly converted to ELQ-300 soon after oral administration in rats. Exposure levels of ELQ-300 were about 1.4-fold higher (based on AUC) in SEDDS than SDD formulations. Poorly soluble drugs like ELQ-331 can be formulated using SDD or SEDDS to improve solubility and oral bioavailability.

EFFECTS OF FORMULATION PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF GASTRIC FLOATING TABLETS CONTAINING POORLY SOLUBLE DRUG: DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare and investigate the effects of formulation parameters on the properties of gastric floating tablets containing diclofenac sodium (DICL) as a model of poorly soluble acidic drug, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as gas-forming agent, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M or K15M as swelling polymer and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as wetting agent.Methods: DICL floating tablets were prepared using direct compression method. The compressed tablets were evaluated for tablet properties, swelling index, and in vitro buoyancy. The in vitro release under non-sink condition was determined. Molecular interaction was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results: The tablet properties of all DICL floating tablets were within the acceptance criteria. The molecular interaction between DICL and excipients in the formulation was excluded. Depends on the formulation compositions, the swelling index at 3 h (SI) ranged from 44±11 to 1158±33 %, whereas the buoyancy properties namely floating lag time (FLT) and total floating time (TFT) were 0.33±0.03 to 10.04±0.04 min and 10.0±0.0 to>12 h, respectively. NaHCO3 showed higher swelling, buoyancy and release properties compared to those of CaCO3. NaHCO3 at 20% gave sufficient swelling (SI of 1074±16 %), buoyancy (FLT of 0.39±0.03 min, TFT of>12 h) and release properties (cumulative release of 5.83±0.02 %). HPMC K100M showed better swelling property of which its initial swelling rate was 1412±25 %/h compared to HPMC K15M (1042±31 %/h). HPMC K100M at 20% showed better buoyancy and release properties compared to those obtained from HPMC K100M at 30%. The release testing under non-sink conditions was able to distinguish the effect of formulation parameters on the DICL release profiles. Incorporation of SLS at 0.25% could enhance both release rate and cumulative release of DICL from the floating tablets. Nevertheless, it showed the unacceptable adverse effect on swelling and buoyancy properties of DICL floating tablets. The TFT of DICL floating tablets containing 0.25% SLS was only 0.5±0.0 h.Conclusion: DICL floating tablets were successfully prepared. Tablets possessing suitable swelling and buoyancy properties were obtained using NaHCO3 at 20% as a gas-forming agent, with HPMC K100M at 10 and 20% as floating matrix and swelling polymer. Addition of SLS as wetting and solubilizing agent showed the unacceptable adverse effect on the swelling and buoyancy properties of DICL floating tablets. The release under sink conditions and/or in vivo pharmacokinetic studies shall be further performed.

Using ANOVA Models To Compare and Optimize Extraction Protocols of P3HBHV from Cupriavidus necator

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), produced by microorganisms, have attracted considerable attention due to their biodegradability. However, the cost for the production of PHA is still too high to be competitive against petro-based polymers, greatly caused by the expensive downstream processing (DSP). The DSP, moreover, is often ecologically unfriendly due to usage of large amounts of highly volatile organic solvents. To overcome these limitations, we systematically compared for the first time seven different extraction protocols reported previously using the same starting biomass of Cupriavidus necator. Design of experiments (DoE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were applied to further improve two of the most promising protocols. Finally, we developed a method where a combination of mechanical disruption of cells via bead milling with an addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) was used. This method was optimized with a response surface methodology and allowed a fast PHA extraction within approximately...

Development of Transdermal Delivery System of Vildagliptin and Its Comparison with Oral Therapy.

Purpose: The long term oral therapy of vildagliptin is associated with potential hepatotoxicity and low patient compliance. This study aims at development of a drug in adhesive transdermal patch system of vildagliptin using pressure sensitive acrylic polymers and compare the pharmacokinetics with oral therapy. Methods: The prospective of different chemical enhancers in improving the transport of vildagliptin was assessed ex vivo. In vivo permeation studies in rats were performed using patch system contain sodium lauryl sulfate as enhancer. Results: Drug solubility varied among adhesive bases tested and maximum value (15% w/w) observed with Duro-Tak 87-2510. Incorporation of chemical agents significantly improved the permeation of vildagliptin, but not to the same extent. The highest flux value of vildagliptin was obtained by the addition of sodium lauryl sulfate (22.96 ± 3.58 μg/cm2/h; P<0.0001), which is ~4 folds higher as compared to control. Pharmacokinetic profiles of vildagliptin were different for transdermal and oral delivery with significantly high bioavailability by transdermal delivery. The AUC0-α in transdermal delivery (1018.43 ± 79.56 ng.h/mL) was ~14 folds higher (P<0.0001) as compared to oral administration. Conclusion: The current study concludes that the fabricated drug in adhesive transdermal system could be employed for the effective delivery of vildagliptin.

Highly Sensitive Micellar Enhanced Spectrofluorimetric Method for Determination of Mirtazapine in Tablets and Human Urine: Application to In Vitro Drug Release and Content Uniformity Test

A highly sensitive and simple micelle enhanced spectrofluorimetric method was developed for assaying mirtazapine (MRZ) in REMERON® tablets and spiked human urine directly without the need of derivatizing agent. The basis of the current procedure is the examination of the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of MRZ in sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) micellar medium. The RFI of MRZ in water was enhanced markedly on addition of SLS. The RFI was measured at 403 nm after excitation at 320 nm. The fluorescence-concentration relationship was linear over the range 1–500 ng/mL, with lower detection limit of 0.399 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of MRZ in dosage form and spiked human urine. Recovery percentages of MRZ utilizing the current method were99.05±1.83,98.37±1.96, and100.41±2.61% for pure powder, pharmaceutical dosage form, and spiked human urine, respectively. The application of the proposed method was extended to test content uniformity and the in vitro drug release of REMERON tablets, according to USP guidelines.

Recycling of Polysulfone: Study Properties of Membranes

Many significant developments regarding membranes have been taken place in past few decades. The wet phase inversion is a simple method to prepare asymmetric polysulfone membranes. Membranes were fabricated from polysulfone using N,N dimethyl formamide (solvent) and water (non-solvent) and permeation properties were investigated. We have explored the differences in performances of the membranes prepared from consecutive phase inversion of polysulfone. The effect of addition of sodium lauryl sulphate and their multi stage phase inversion were also studied. Functional group ruination/formation, Morphology, hydrophobicity, MWCO were analysed from different analytical instruments (viz. SEM, FTIR-ATR, TGA, contact angle, GPC). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectra of polysulfone membranes were analysed to identify the variations of the bonds. The results obtained from water permeation experiments showed that consecutive phase separation of polysulfone increased the water permeability of the membranes. The polysulfone membranes resulted from multistage phase separation showed decreasing trend in separation for polyethylene oxide (PEO, 200kDa) as well as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA, 66 kDa).

In Vitro Liberation of Indomethacin from Chitosan Gels Containing Microemulsion in Different Dissolution Mediums

The objective of this research is to outline the liberation of indomethacin from different chitosan gels containing O/W microemulsion. The influence of surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate, in two concentrations (0.5% and 0.75%, w/w) was determined in dissolution medium on the release of indomethacin, which was used as poor water-soluble model drug. Chitosan gels were prepared in four different concentrations of chitosan-1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3% (w/w). Microemulsion enhanced the liberation of the indomethacin from chitosan gels into all dissolution mediums. Adding the surfactant into phosphate-buffered saline decreased the amount of liberated indomethacin from microemulsion, gel mixture, but increased the drug liberation from pure chitosan gels. It was detected that with the increased concentration of chitosan in the samples, the amount of indomethacin liberated (p < 0.05) also increased. A conclusion was drawn that the liberation of indomethacin from chitosan gels was influenced by increased pH of the samples. The high viscosity induced a higher release of indomethacin from 3% (w/w) chitosan hydrogel at pH 5.8 as compared with 3% (w/w) chitosan hydrogel at pH 3.8. The highest percentage of released indomethacin was determined when a mixture of microemulsion gel with higher chitosan content was used.

Effect of Mixed Thermodynamic and Kinetic Hydrate Promoters on Methane Hydrate Phase Boundary and Formation Kinetics

In this communication, formation kinetics and stability of methane hydrate in mixtures of (propanone + sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS)), as thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate promoter, have been studied. Results show that both the induction time and initial formation rate have been increased in the presence of propanone and the mixture of (propanone + SDS). Propanone and mixtures of (propanone + SDS) solutions decrease the self-preservation at low pressures and temperatures below the ice point. Moreover, the presence of propanone decreases the storage capacity of methane hydrate. The addition of SDS, however, increases the experimental storage capacity in comparison with the theoretical value.

Improvement of magnetic properties of electrodeposited CoNiMnP–BaFe12O19 nanocomposite coatings in presence of sodium lauryl sulphate

Electrodeposition is an attractive method for preparing electromagnetic micro-electromechanical system actuators, and composite electrodeposits incorporating ferromagnetic particles exhibit excellent magnetic properties. Thus, an increasing research effort has been made to optimising the electrodeposition of magnetic composite coatings. In the present paper, sodium lauryl sulphate has been introduced to improve the weight per cent of ferromagnetic particles embedded in CoNiMnP–BaFe12O19 composite coatings, and careful investigation of the effect of varying sodium lauryl sulphate concentration on the surface morphology, element weight fraction and magnetic properties of composite coatings, is carried out. The results demonstrate that the addition of sodium lauryl sulphate in the concentration range from 0·8 to 4 g L−1 favours the inclusion of magnetic particles into the alloy deposit; the maximum weight per cent of BaFe12O19 particles in the nanocomposite coatings, 18·28 wt-%, is acquired with the addition of 4 g L−1 sodium lauryl sulphate. However, it should be noted that the CoNiMnP–BaFe12O19 composite coatings with the highest BaFe12O19 weight fraction did not exhibit the highest coercivity and maximum energy density in the present experiment. The CoNiMnP–BaFe12O19 nanocomposite coatings with a high coercivity of 1438 Oe, a high retentivity of 0·39 T, and maximum magnetic energy density of 15·41 kJ m−3 have been obtained at a sodium lauryl sulphate concentration of 3 g L−1.

Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Piroxicam Capsules Prepared by Solid Dispersion Technique

Objective: To improve the dissolution of poorly soluble Piroxicam (PRXM) by solid dispersion technique using water soluble carriers with or without the addition of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as surfactant. Methods and Materials: Solid dispersions of Piroxicam were prepared using different polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 and PEG 6000) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30 and PVP K90) without or with addition of 2% of (SLS). Solid dispersions were formulated in drug polymer ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4, each ratio without or with 2% SLS using solvent evaporation method. The prepared formulae were assayed for drug content, production yield and stability properties. Dissolution profiles were done in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and the in vitro release was evaluated according to the % released after 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. An accelerated stability study was done over 3 months at 40o and 60ºC and with relative humidity (RH) 75%. Results and Discussion: All of the formulated solid dispersions displayed better dissolution profiles as compared to the pure drug. Formulae containing 2% SLS displayed better in vitro release results compared to formulae prepared without SLS. The degradation of PRXM was slow, indicating the chemical stability of PRXM in all prepared formulae. Conclusion: A formula containing PRXM to PEG 4000 in the ratio 1:1 with 2% SLS was ranked first and gave the best results among prepared formulae.

Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Piroxicam Capsules Prepared by Solid Dispersion Technique

Objective: To improve the dissolution of poorly soluble Piroxicam (PRXM) by solid dispersion technique using water soluble carriers with or without the addition of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as surfactant. Methods and Materials: Solid dispersions of Piroxicam were prepared using different polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 and PEG 6000) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30 and PVP K90) without or with addition of 2% of (SLS). Solid dispersions were formulated in drug polymer ratios 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4, each ratio without or with 2% SLS using solvent evaporation method. The prepared formulae were assayed for drug content, production yield and stability properties. Dissolution profiles were done in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and the in vitro release was evaluated according to the % released after 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. An accelerated stability study was done over 3 months at 40o and 60ºC and with relative humidity (RH) 75%. Results and Discussion: All of the formulated solid dispersions displayed better dissolution profiles as compared to the pure drug. Formulae containing 2% SLS displayed better in vitro release results compared to formulae prepared without SLS. The degradation of PRXM was slow, indicating the chemical stability of PRXM in all prepared formulae. Conclusion: A formula containing PRXM to PEG 4000 in the ratio 1:1 with 2% SLS was ranked first and gave the best results among prepared formulae.