Addition Of NPK Fertilizer Research Articles

Microalgae Haemococcus pluvialis, Cultured in OHM Medium under Stressful Conditions: Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity

Haematococcus pluvialis, a unicellular green microalgae, is able to accumulate the large amounts of astaxathin under stress conditions. Nutritional factors such as nitrate or phosphate and light intensity play an important role in the growth, accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity microalgae H. pluvialis. In this study, H. pluvialis was cultured under three conditions of stress, nutrient depletion, denitrification of nitrate and addition of NPK fertilizer, and natural light in OHM medium to investigate the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the biomass of H. pluvialis microalgae. The results showed that, under denitrification of nitrate and addition of NPK fertilizer, the phenolic content reached a high value (8.054 µg gallic acid/g) and there was no significant difference with the two conditions of nutrient depletion (4.115 µg gallic acid/g) and natural light (4.707 µg gallic acid/g) (p<0.05). However, no differences were found between the antioxidant capacity under denitrification of nitrate and addition of NPK fertilizer (51.390%) and natural light (52.301%) (p=0.552) that were higher than nutrient depletion (45.257%) (p<0.05). Thus, under the stress conditions of nitrate depletion and high light intensity, H. pluvialis has the ability to synthesize and accumulate high amounts of bioactive compounds and microalgae biomass can be applied in dietary supplement and cosmeticeuticals.

Oil spill bioremediation strategies in Brazilian tropical seawater—The role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation

AbstractFor this research, a 28‐day bioremediation experiment was conducted, simulating an oil spill on the Brazilian coast using mesocosm units and two different bioremediation strategies, adding rate‐limiting nutrients in the form of NPK fertilizer during the first four days (Bior1) and weekly (Bior2). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis results showed that oil natural degradation (Control) removed 33.8 wt.% of the alkanes on Day 7, while bioremediation processes plus evaporation in Bior1 and Bior2 contributed to minimizing alkanes in 83.4 and 80.8 wt.%, respectively. Bior1 strategy also accelerated the biodegradation of recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as phenanthrene, methyl phenanthrenes, and methyl dibenzothiophenes up to the second week when compared to Bior2. Low‐cost NPK fertilizer addition demonstrated efficiency in the bioremediation strategy, especially in the first days of the simulated oil spill (Bior1), leading to savings in time and financial investment in recovering an oil contaminated area. Results also showed the efficiency of the oil‐degrading bacteria Pseudomonas mesophilica, identified for the first time in Brazilian seawater. In addition, results confirmed the influence of tropical temperatures over oil natural natural degradation and bioremediation as an oil spill cleanup solution for recovering contaminated areas in tropical countries, especially in sensitive marine environments.

PEMANFAATAN SEDIMEN SELOKAN SALURAN AIR DI DINOYO SURABAYA SEBAGAI CAMPURAN MEDIA TANAM GUNA MENDUKUNG URBAN FARMING YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Pengerukan sedimen oleh Dinas PU Bina Marga dan Pematusan Surabaya menghasilkan lumpur sedimen sebanyak 595.040 m3/tahun. Pemanfaatan sedimen dimaksudkan agar dapat menambah nilai potensi sedimen sebagai media tanam pertamanan atau pertanian kota, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sedimen sebagai media tanam dengan mencampurkan hasil pengolahan limbah lainnya yakni kompos hijau sertacocopeat menggunakan variasi 1:1:1, 1:3:1, 1:5:1, uji vegetatif persemaian Capsicumfrutescens selama 2 minggu, dan respon terhadap penambahan pupuk NPK. Hasilpenelitian setelah dilakukan pretreatment pengeringan, penumbukan, pengayakanmenunjukkan perbandingan campuran terbaik adalah 1:1:1 dengan hasil akhir parameter C 3,58 %, N 0,31%, P 0,02%, K 1,63%, KTK 43,92 emol/kg, C/N 21, pH 8,55, tidak toksik dengan persentase penghambatan benih tumbuh 4%, pertumbuhan persemaian optimal dan kehilangan nutrisi yang lebih rendah. Penelitian menunjukkan sedimen dapat digunakan sebagai substrat campuran media tanam yang lebih ramah lingkungan dalam jangka panjang.

Evaluation of the Different Nutritional and Environmental Parameters on Microbial Pyrene Degradation by Mangrove Culturable Bacteria.

Mangrove ecosystems play curial roles in providing many ecological services and alleviating global climate change. However, they are in decline globally, mainly threatened by human activities and global warming, and organic pollutants, especially PAHs, are among the crucial reasons. Microbial remediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of alleviating PAH contamination. Therefore, understanding the effects of environmental and nutritional parameters on the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is significant for the bioremediation of PAH contamination. In the present study, five bacterial strains, designated as Bp1 (Genus Rhodococcus), Sp8 (Genus Nitratireductor), Sp13 (Genus Marinobacter), Sp23 (Genus Pseudonocardia), and Sp24 (Genus Mycolicibacterium), have been isolated from mangrove sediment and their ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD) genes have been successfully amplified. Afterward, their degradation abilities were comprehensively evaluated under normal cultural (monoculture and co-culture) and different nutritional (tryptone, yeast extract, peptone, glucose, sucrose, and NPK fertilizer) and environmental (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) parameters, as well with different co-contaminants (phenanthrene and naphthalene) and heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+). The results showed that strain Sp24 had the highest pyrene degradation rate (85%) in the monoculture experiment after being cultured for 15 days. Adding nitrogen- and carbon-rich sources, including tryptone, peptone, and yeast extract, generally endorsed pyrene degradation. In contrast, the effects of carbon sources (glucose and sucrose) on pyrene degradation were distinct for different bacterial strains. Furthermore, the addition of NPK fertilizer, SDS, Tween-80, phenanthrene, and naphthalene enhanced the bacterial abilities of pyrene removal significantly (p < 0.05). Heavy metals significantly reduced all bacterial isolates' degradation potentials (p < 0.05). The bacterial consortia containing high bio-surfactant-producing strains showed substantially higher pyrene degradation. Moreover, the consortia of three and five bacterial strains showed more degradation efficiency than those of two bacterial strains. These results provide helpful microbial resources for mangrove ecological remediation and insight into optimized culture strategies for the microbial degradation of PAHs.

Inoculating plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi modulates rhizosphere acid phosphatase and nodulation activities and enhance the productivity of soybean (Glycine max).

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivation is important for its dual role as rich source of dietary protein and soil fertility enhancer, but production is constrained by soil nutrient deficiencies. This is often resolved using chemical fertilizers that exert deleterious effects on the environment when applied in excess. This field study was conducted at Nkolbisson-Yaoundé in the agro-ecological zone V of Cameroon to assess the performance of soybean when inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), with or without NPK fertilizer addition. Ten treatments (Control, PGPB, AMF, PGPB+AMF, PGPB+N, PGPB+PK, PGPB+N+PK, PGPB+AMF+N, PGPB+AMF+PK, and PGPB+AMF+N+PK) were established in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Mycorrhizal colonization was only observed in AMF-inoculated soybean roots. In comparison to control, sole inoculation of PGPB and AMF increased the number of root nodules by 67.2% and 57%, respectively. Co-application of PGPB and AMF increased the number of root nodules by 68.4%, while the addition of NPK fertilizers significantly increased the number of root nodules by 66.9–68.6% compared to control. Acid phosphatase activity in soybean rhizosphere ranged from 46.1 to 85.1 mg h–1 kg–1 and differed significantly across treatments (p < 0.001). When compared to control, PGPB or AMF or their co-inoculation, and the addition of NPK fertilizers increased the acid phosphatase activity by 45.8%, 27%, 37.6%, and 26.2–37.2%, respectively. Sole inoculation of PGPB or AMF and their integration with NPK fertilizer increased soybean yield and grain contents (e.g., carbohydrate, protein, zinc, and iron) compared to the control (p < 0.001). Soil phosphorus correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with soybean grain protein (r = 0.46) and carbohydrate (r = 0.41) contents. The effective root nodules correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with acid phosphatase (r = 0.67) and soybean yield (r = 0.66). Acid phosphatase correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with soybean grain yield (r = 0.63) and carbohydrate (r = 0.61) content. Effective root nodules correlated significantly with carbohydrate (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), zinc (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), and iron (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) contents in soybean grains. Overall, these findings indicate strong relationships between farm management practices, microbial activities in the rhizosphere, and soybean performance.

Combined Effect of Biochar and Fertilizers on Andean Highland Soils before and after Cropping

Although a number of works present biochar as a promising material for improving the quality of degraded soils, only a few show the effect of this material in soils from the Andean highlands. The objective of this work was twofold: (a) to study the effect of two types of biochars on two agricultural soils commonly found in the Andean highlands (Andisol and Inceptisol) and the corresponding soil–biochar–fertilizer interactions, and, (b) to assess the response to biochar of two vegetable crops (lettuce and radish) grown in succession in a simulated double-cropping system. Biochar was produced at 400 °C and 500 °C, for 1 h (B400 and B500, respectively), using hardwood residues. Properties of biochar that could potentially affect its interaction with soil and water (e.g., functional groups, surface area, elemental composition) were assessed. Experiments were conducted to test for main and interaction effects of biochar type, soil type, and the addition of NPK fertilizer on the soils’ characteristics. Bulk density and water content at field capacity and permanent wilting point were affected by two-way interactions between biochar and soil type. Biochar impacted bulk density and water retention capacity of soils. Higher available water content was found in soils amended with B400 than with B500, which is a consequence of the higher hydrophilicity of B400 compared to B500. After the lettuce crop was planted and harvested, the soil pH was unaffected by the biochar addition. However, after the second crop, the pH in the Inceptisol slightly decreased, whereas the opposite was detected in the Andisol. The CEC of the Inceptisol decreased (e.g., from 36.62 to 34.04 and from 41.16 to 39.11 in the control and in the Inceptisol amended with B400 only) and the CEC of the Andisol increased (e.g., from 74.25 to 90.41 in the control and from 79.61 to 90.80 in the Andisol amended with B400 only). Inceptisol amended only with biochar showed decrease of radish weight, while a large increase was found in B400 + fertilizer Inceptisol (i.e., from 22.9 g to 40.4 g). In Andisol, the weight of radish after the second crop increased in less proportion (i.e., from 43 g in the control to 59.7 g in the B400 + fertilizer Andisol), showing a visible positive impact of B400. The results suggest that biochar produced at 400 °C performs better than biochar produced at 500 °C because B400 apparently promotes a better environment for bacteria growth in the soils, as a consequence of more OH available groups in B400 and its better interaction with water and the fertilizer.

Efektifitas Pupuk Organik Dan NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica Rapa L)

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of doses of organic fertilizer and NPK on the growth and yield of pakcoy (Brassica rapaL.)The research design used isRandomized Block Design (RAK) with 6 treatments consisting of (P0) = control, namely 50% NPK, (P1) = addition of buffalo manure 150 g/plant (37.5 tons/ha), (P2) = addition of fertilizer buffalo cage 200 g/plant (50 tons/ha), (P3)= addition of buffalo manure 250 g/plant (62.5 tons/ha), (P4)= addition of buffalo manure 300 g/plant (75 tons/plant) ha), (P5) = addition of 350 g of buffalo manure/plant (87.5 tons/ha). Parameters observed at the growth stage were plant height, number of leaves and plant diameter. Parameters observed in plant production were wet weight, dry weight and leaf area. The data obtained were then statistically processed using analysis of variance (F test) to determine the effect of doses of organic fertilizer and NPK on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants, then continued with DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at 5% level to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the addition of buffalo manure increased the growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables. The addition of NPK fertilizer at 0.04 g/plant and buffalo manure 200g/plant equivalent to 50 tons/ha was the most effective combination of fertilization and resulted in the highest growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables. The results showed that the addition of buffalo manure increased the growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables. The addition of NPK fertilizer at 0.04 g/plant and buffalo manure 200g/plant equivalent to 50 tons/ha was the most effective combination of fertilization and resulted in the highest growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables. The results showed that the addition of buffalo manure increased the growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables. The addition of NPK fertilizer at 0.04 g/plant and buffalo manure 200g/plant equivalent to 50 tons/ha was the most effective combination of fertilization and resulted in the highest growth and yield of pakcoy vegetables.

Effect of co-applied corncob biochar with farmyard manure and NPK fertilizer on tropical soil

Biochar has shown a positive impact on degraded soils. However, the effect of co-applied biochar with farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer on soil chemical characteristics, yield, nutrient constituent and economic analysis of cucumber did not receive adequate research attention in sub-Saharan Africa. A field experiment was conducted on sandy clay loam soil with biochar at 10 t/ha individually or combined with farmyard manure and NPK using cucumber as a test crop. The co-applied biochar with the 5t/ha farmyard manure and NPK significantly increased soil pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, total organic carbon and effective cation exchangeable capacity than the sole application of the NPK fertilizer and the farmyard manure. Cucumber yield, net income, nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly higher in the co-applied biochar with farmyard manure and NPK than the sole application of the NPK and the manure. Co-applied biochar with inorganic NPK showed higher soil available phosphorus, nitrogen, cucumber yield and net income than the co-applied biochar with farmyard manure. Similarly, co-applied biochar with NPK plots observed higher macronutrient constituents than the co-applied biochar with farmyard manure. These findings revealed that combined biochar with NPK proved to be an effective reclamation strategy to improve low fertile soils in the tropics than the co-applied biochar with farmyard manure. • Applied biochar in combination with farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer on the tropical soil was studied. • Co-applied biochar with farmyard manure increased soil pH than the biochar and NPK fertilizer addition. • Co-applied biochar with NPK fertilizer increased available phosphorus and nitrogen than the co-applied biochar with compost. • Biochar and NPKfertilizer addition observed higher nutrient constituents of the cucumber than the biochar and farmyard manure addition. • Co-applied biochar with NPK fertilizer obtained higher net income than the biochar and farmyard manure addition.

Indoor Hydroponics: A Potential Solution to Reuse Domestic Rinse Water

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of reusing domestic rinse water in an indoor hydroponic system and compare the growth pattern of Coleus plants using tap water and rinse water. A preliminary survey evaluatedthe knowledge about, home gardening, hydroponics, water usage and utility of rinse water in urban households. The experimental setup consisted of water culture hydroponic system with peat moss media. Data were collected and analyzed from 4 sample groups: Group A (tap water), B (tap water with NPK fertilizer), C (rinse water) and D (rinse water with NPK fertilizer) in a randomized experimental design (N=20) with five replicates.The study was conducted indoors in an urban household under controlled temperature (78ºF), light and humidity (60-70%). Parameters analyzed for assessment of plants growth included height (in millimeters), number of new leaves and leaf surface area. Environmental parameters including, pH and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids in parts per million) of the hydroponic solution, and pH and moisture of soil were also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis and independent comparisons were done with a 95% assumed significance level (p&lt;0.05).During the 20th, 25th and 30th day, plant height in Group A was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of Group B and plant height in Group C was significantly higher than in Groups B and D.In terms of the environmental parameters, while rinse water had an alkaline pH, the addition of NPK fertilizer (Groups B and D) resulted in significantly lower pH.Based on the present study results, domestic rinse water can be reused as a successful alternative for tap water in indoor hydroponic cultivation of plants without the need for any additional fertilizer.

Evaluation of the operational conditions in the production and morphology of Chlorella sp.

It was evaluated the effect of operational conditions in the production of Chlorella sp. after its selection from genus Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Nannochloris sp., Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella salina. Microalgae were inoculated in drinking water with addition of NPK fertilizer (N 24%, P 24%, K 18%), at a concentration of 0.5 g/L, agitation of 150 rpm, temperature 25 °C, light intensity of 1680 lumens at a color temperature of 6400K, without pH control for 8 days. The cellular concentrations obtained were 3.72x107 (Chlorella sp.), 1.36x107 (Scenedesmus sp.), 3.55x107 (Tetraselmis sp.), 5.74x107 (Nannochloris sp.) and 3.45x106 (Dunaliella salina), where the microalgae Chlorella sp., shows invasive capacity in drinking water cultivations. Applying the 2n-p fractional factorial design concept for the elemental composition of the microalgae and the cellular morphology, it was obtained 44.33% of C, 7.09% of H, 8.53% of N and 0.84% ​​of S for the Chlorella sp.

Biochar increases enzyme activity and total microbial quality of soil grown with sugarcane

Biochar applied to the soil has contributed to the improvement of soil quality, the availability of nutrients for plants, and carbon retention. Besides, the presence of biochar can affect microbial activity. However, information about the action of biochar in the microbial community is scarce. Thus, we hypothesize that biochar, with or without previous addition of NPK fertilizer may alter the activity of some enzymes and total microbial quality of soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activities and the total microbiological activity of soil amendments with different doses of biochar and grown with sugarcane over time. For two consecutive years, soil samples were collected in the sugarcane planted line amendment with biochar. Sugarcane was planted in 2017, in a randomized block design, a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications: five doses of biochar (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Mg ha−1 (megagram per hectare)), with and without correction of soil fertility. The activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, urease, and total microbial quality of the soil were evaluated (fluorescein diacetate method). The application of biochar from eucalyptus residues up to the dose of 30 Mg ha−1 increased the activity of the enzymes β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, urease and the total microbial quality of the soil; however, higher doses reduced the activity of these enzymes and the total microbial quality of the soil over time. The application of mineral fertilizers, in combination with biochar, increased the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase and urease and the total microbial quality of the soil in the soil over time. On the other hand, the addition of NPK fertilizer reduced the activities of the acid phosphatase.

Investigation of Effects of Ecological Factors on the Establishment of Azotobacter in the Rhizosphere of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

Aim: The present study investigates the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (phosphobacteria (PB) and activity of soil bacteriostasis on the development of Azotobacter in Thymus vulgaris rhizosphere.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Kenule Beeson Polytechnic botanical garden and at the Science Laboratory Department of the institution for a period of 7months (from March 2018- September 2018). &#x0D; Methods: The impact of phytohormones produced by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in vitro and in the rhizosphere of T. vulgaris was used to assay for Azotobacter colonization. Bacteriostasis activity of the soil was determined by comparing the number of Azotobacter microcolonies on discs incubated over soil with respect to those on the controls.&#x0D; Results: Decisive stimulation of Azotobacter population and establishment was observed in Thymus vulgaris rhizosphere when inoculated with phosphobacteria than when inoculated alone as reflected in 5% (0.05) least significant difference. Azotobacter was susceptible to the bacteriostatic factors in potted soils inoculated with it and without (Azotobacter). The increase in susceptibility of this rhizospheric bacteria was time dependent and reached a maximum and thereafter remained almost constant. However, this was overcome by the addition of NPK fertilizer to the plant at some critical stage of the assay.&#x0D; Conclusion: The Presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) in vegetation could play significant role in the sustainability and improvement of plant growth and yield. Soil bacteriostasis can also be an important factor that limits the survival and development of NFB.

The Influence of Solid Palm Oil Waste and Npk Fertilizer on the Growth and the Production of Green Eggplant (Solanum MelongenaL.)

The purpose of this research was to discover the effect of solid and NPK fertilizer, as well as the interaction of solid and NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of green eggplant. This research used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors, namely the first factor: Administrationof oil palm solid which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely: S0 = No palm oilwaste solid; S1 = Administration of palm oil waste solid at 0.5 kg/m2; S2 = Administration of palm oil waste solid at 1 kg/m2; S3 = Administration of palm oil waste solid at 1.5 kg/m2. The second factor is the addition of NPK fertilizer per plant (J) consisting of 3 levels of treatment, namely: J0 = 0 g/plant; J1 = 5 g/plant; J2 = 10 g/plant. The results showed that solid treatment significantly affected the plants height at ages 2, 4, and 6 MST, flowering age, production per plant, and production per plot. The treatment of Solid S3 produced the highest plants aged 2, 4, and 6 MST, respectively (21.78 cm), (53.45 cm), and (77.78 cm), the fastest flowering age (32.89 days), highest production per plant (1748.77 g), and highest production per plot (21.89 kg). The NPK treatment significantly affected the plants height at ages 4 and 6 WAP, flowering age, production per plant, and production per plot. The NPK J2 fertilizer dosage treatment produced the highest plants aged 4 and 6 WAP, respectively (47.83 cm), and (75.84 cm), the fastest flowering age (32.91 days), the highest production per plant (1562.91 g), and the highest production per plot (19.86 kg). The interaction treatment of the NPK fertilizer and solid administration did not significantly affect all parameters. The combination of S3J2 produced the highest plants aged 2 and 6 WAP, respectively (22.33 cm) and (79.67 cm), the fastest flowering age (32.33 days), the highest production per plant (1816.67 g), the and highest production per plot (22.49 kg).&#x0D;

The Interaction Effect to Fertilization on the Mineral Nutrition of Canola Under Different Salinity Levels

The objective of this work was to study the effect of increasing rates of salinity with and without fertilizer on the mineral nutrition of canola. It is about measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in canola plant and comparing the results of each treatment (interaction between salinity and NPK fertilizer). The pot experimental included four levels of salinity S0 (control), S1, S2, and S3 and two doses of NPK fertilizer. The results showed the absence of NPK fertilizer, and salinity has a negative effect, especially with respect to S3, where the lowest nitrogen content was registered. The supply of NPK fertilizers has a significant effect on the nitrogen content of canola, where it has been recorded. The increasing concentrations of NaCl with the addition of NPK fertilizers influence the phosphorus content. The S3 level registered the highest phosphorus content. With the NPK fertilizer, the content of exchangeable potassium content in canola plant decreases with increasing the NaCl concentration, due to the antagonism between Na+ and K+. The S0 (control) registered the highest potassium content where, the S3 registered the lowest content. The application of NPK fertilizer increased the nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant of canola in a saline environment.

The increase of corn crop productivity through NPK fertilizer addition in dy land

Corn crop is categorized as C4 plant that may be used as alternative feed substitution of forage grass with high nutritional content. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of NPK fertilizer addition to productivity and nutrient content of corn crop in dry land. This study was performed from March to May 2019 (by the end of rainy season) in Tanete Riaja, Barru. This study employed completely randomized design with 4 treatments namely, A1: No fertilizer addition, A2=100 kg ha−1, A3=200 kg ha−1, A4=300 kg ha−1 and 3 replications. The corn crops used in this study was corn hybrid (Bisi-18) that were harvested at the age of 2 months. The result of this study showed that the use of NPK fertilizer improves the growth and productivity of corn crop, particularly the production and nutritional quality. The highest increase of production and growth occured in A3.

Phytotoxicity and chelating capacity of spent coffee grounds: Two contrasting faces in its use as soil organic amendment

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a bioresidue generated in large amounts worldwide, which could be employed as either fresh or transformed organic soil amendment, by means of different treatments in order to improve its agronomic qualities. An in vitro experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of using different bioamendments derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG) on biomass and Zn, Cu and Fe content of lettuces. Application of 7.5% (w/w) fresh SCG, vermicompost, compost, biochars (at 270 and 400 °C; pyrolysis), SCG washed with ethanol and water, and hydrolysed SCG was carried out in an agricultural soil (Cambic Calcisol). In order to compare with conventional agriculture, the addition of NPK fertilizer was also assessed. Only vermicompost and biochar at 400 °C overcome the growth limitation of SCG. However, these treatments diminished Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations in lettuce probably due to the destruction (microbial degradation/thermal treatment) of natural chelating components (polyphenols). Increase in mineral content was observed in those treatments that did not completely eliminate polyphenols. NPK fertilizer gave rise to lettuces with higher biomass but lower micronutrients content. The results lead us to the possible solution for the use of SCG as organic amendment by vermicomposting and biocharization in order to eliminate toxicity.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TANAM DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP HASIL RUMPUT TEKI (Cyperus rotundus) SERTA ANALISA KANDUNGAN KERIPIK OLAHANNYA

Nut grass is Cyperaceae group and underestimated its existence. Nut grass has many benefits so potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the effect of planting media and the addition of NPK fertilizer to the growth of the nut grass and find out the nutrient content of chips made from nut grass tuber. The design of this study was factorial complete randomized design (RAL) which consisted of two factors. First factor is Planting Media, consist of M1 = soil, M2 = Soil: Sand (2: 1), M3 = Soil: Compost Fertilizer (2: 1) and M4 = Soil: Cage Fertilizer (2: 1) and second factor is fertilizer dosage NPK 15: 15: 15 with the level P1 = Without NPK fertilizer, P2 = 5 g NPK fertilizer, P3 = 10 g NPK fertilizer. Research result showed that the media significantly affected the number of clumps, root weight, clump weight, overall weight and number of flowers but did not significantly affect the height, number of tubers and tuber weight. Fertilizer significantly affected the number of clumps, root weight, clump weight, overall weight, number of flowers, number of tubers and tuber weight but did not significantly affect the height at P≤0.05 level. Interaction between planting media and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect all parameters. Keywords: Chips, NPK Fertilizer, Nut Grass, Planting Media

Optimization of NPK fertilization combined with phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil by orthogonal experiment.

In the current experiment, influence of NPK composition on the Cd contaminated soil-plant (Solanum nigrum L.) system as well as the phytoremediation efficiency were comprehensively studied. The composition of NPK was optimized for a sustainable phytoremediation and simultaneous agronomic technique in Cd-contaminated soil by orthogonal (L14) experiment, aimed to achieve plant productivity and maximum phytoremediation potential enhancement. Results showed that different treatments of NPK composition enhanced soil properties including saccharase, urease, catalase and acid phosphatase activities as compared to the control treatment, however, soil pH was slightly decreased by 3.64%~6.67% with different composition of NPK treatments. Plant biomass and Cd concentration in the aboveground part (stem and leaves) of S. nigrum were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by 14.19%~48.97% and 38.50%~127.15% as compared to control plants with the addition of NPK fertilizers having different composition. Meanwhile, with the application of NPK fertilizer root/shoot Cd ratio and translocation factor (TF) was significantly decreased, however, bioconcentration factor (BCF) was increased as compared to control. Additionally, different composition of NPK fertilizers significantly increased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) and soluble protein in comparison to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in S. nigrum including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased, while malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline contents were decreased. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that N3P2K2 treatment had the highest comprehensive score amongst other studied treatments of NPK composition, owing to its optimal composition for the investigated soil-S. nigrum system. Moreover, it was found that optimal composition (N3P2K2) of fertilizer resulted in increase of the plant resistance to Cd and the efficiency of phytoextraction. Therefore, it is suggested to all the small-holder famers and scientific community that precise composition of NPK fertilizer should be utilized according to soil properties, environmental conditions and plant requirements under Cd-stress condition in order to achieve maximum biomass, Cd uptake efficiency as well phytoremediation potential in moderately Cd contaminated soil.

Pertumbuhan Semai Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria (L.) Nielsen) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur Dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kompos Dan NPK

Limestone mining activities are damaging soil and enviroment. Revegetation becomes an obligation on every mining sites. Paraserianthes falcataria is one of many species that suitable to be planted in revegetation site. Adding compost and NPK fertilizer can improve soil’s condition. This research objective is to analyze the effect of compost and NPK fertilizer on Paraserianthes falcataria seedlings growth and the exact appropriate dosage for limestone mining’s soil condition improvement. The design used in this research is completely randomized design with two factors. The result shows that addtion of compost on tailing media doesn’t give major effect or statistically not significant on seedling growth of height, diameter, the amount of root nodules, and shoot-root ratio, but statistically significant on wet and dry weight of the seedlings. NPK fertilizer addition on tailing media is statistically significant on the seedling growth of diameter, wet weight, and shoot-root ratio, but not significant different on height, dry weight, and the amount of root nodules. Interaction between compost and NPK fertilizer on media gives effect only at 95% of confidence level. K1N5 sample (with 100 gram composts and 5 gram of NPK fertilizer) gives the best respond on seedling’s growth. Very high levels of Ca in the soil medium will be toxic to the Paraserianthes Falcataria plant.Keywords: Compost, limestone mining, NPK fertilizer, Paraserianthes falcataria

Effect of biostimulation treatments on the toxicity of oil-contaminated mangrove sediment

Bioassays with the marine copepod Tisbe biminiensis were used to evaluate the efficiency of three bioremediation treatments on oil contaminated sediments. Two biostimulation treatments (adding NPK and OSMOCOTE fertilizers) and a natural attenuation treatment (experimental control, without fertilizers) were evaluated. The addition of NPK fertilizer had a strong lethal effect on T. biminiensis females probably associated to ammonium compounds, but this effect disappeared after 15 days. The OSMOCOTE releases nutrients in a gradual manner and as such, had no lethal effect on T. biminiensis females. In the natural attenuation treatment, the fecundity of T. biminiensis increased 200% and this indicates that natural attenuation treatment effectively attenuated the sub-lethal toxicity. Biostimulation treatments were not more efficient in obtaining lower toxicity levels of oil contaminated sediment compared to natural attenuation as the recovery of the endpoint affected by contamination (fecundity) increased at the same rate in the 3 treatments over time. In conclusion, adding fertilizers with high ammonium compound concentrations and rapid release is not recommended as a bioremediation treatment in mangroves.