Addition Of Microparticles Research Articles

Corrosion Behavior of Cobalt–Chromium‐Based Laser Claddings Reinforced with Boron Nitride, Graphene Oxide, and Graphite.

In this article, the corrosion resistance of a cobalt–chromium‐based laser cladding reinforced with different microparticles: boron nitride, graphene oxide, and graphite, added for increased tribological performance, is explored. Samples are fabricated by premixing cobalt–chromium powder with microparticle additions and cladding onto 316L stainless steel base metal. The corrosion behavior is measured in industrially relevant applications: 1 m acetic acid and 3.5 wt% NaCl, using open‐circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and cyclic polarization. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry is used to analyze the distribution of the chemical elements throughout the coatings. The reference cladding's corrosion resistance is outstanding in both electrolytes, with a corrosion rate (CR) of ≤0.19 μm year−1 and no pitting tendencies. With the addition of microparticles, the claddings maintain their remarkable pitting resistance, but show an increase in CR up to 0.98 μm year−1 due to the nonuniform distribution of the microparticles into the matrix.

Particle-assisted formation of oil-in-liquid metal emulsions.

Gallium-based liquid metals (LM) have surface tension an order of magnitude higher than water and break up into micro-droplets when mixed with other liquids. In contrast, silicone oil readily mixes into LM foams to create oil-in-LM emulsions with oil inclusions. Previously, the LM was foamed through rapid mixing in air for an extended duration (over 2 hours). This process first results in the internalization of oxide flakes that form at the air-liquid interface. Once a critical fraction of these randomly shaped solid flakes is reached, air bubbles internalize into the LM to create foams that can internalize secondary liquids. Here, we introduce an alternative oil-in-LM emulsion fabrication method that relies on the prior addition of SiO2 micro-particles into the LM before mixing it with the silicone oil. This particle-assisted emulsion formation process provides a higher control over the composition of the LM-particle mixture before oil addition, which we employ to systematically study the impact of particle characteristics and content on the emulsions' composition and properties. We demonstrate that the solid particle size (0.8 µm to 5 µm) and volume fraction (1% to 10%) have a negligible impact on the internalization of the oil inclusions. The inclusions are mostly spherical with diameters of 20 to 100 µm diameter and are internalized by forming new, rather than filling old, geometrical features. We also study the impact of the particle characteristics on the two key properties related to the functional application of the LM emulsions in the thermal management of microelectronics. In particular, we measure the impact of particles and silicone oil on the emulsion's thermal conductivity and its ability to prevent deleterious gallium-induced corrosion and embrittlement of contacting metal substrates.&#xD.

Morphological-metabolic analysis in Streptomyces rimosus microparticle-enhanced cultivations (MPEC)

Streptomyces produce a broad spectrum of biologically active molecules such as oxytetracycline and rimocidin, which are widely used in human and animal treatments. microparticle-enhanced cultivation (MPEC) is one of the tools used for Streptomyces bioprocesses intensification by the control of mycelial morphology. In the present work, morphological changes of Streptomyces rimosus caused by the addition of 10 µm talc microparticles in MPEC were correlated with the biosynthetic activity of the microorganism. Comparing the runs with and without microparticles, major morphological changes were observed in MPEC, including the deformation of pellets, variation of their size, appearance of hyphae and clumps as well as the aggregation of mycelial objects. The presence of talc microparticles also influenced the levels of the studied secondary metabolites produced by S. rimosus. Comparing control and MPEC runs, the addition of talc microparticles increased the amounts of oxytetracycline (9-fold), 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamido-oxytetracycline (7-fold), milbemycin A3+4[O] (3-fold) and CE 108 (1.5-fold), while rimocidin (27-ethyl) and milbemycin β11+4[O] production was reduced. In summary, the addition of talc microparticles to S. rimosus cultivations led to the development of smaller morphological forms like hyphae and clumps as well as to the changes in the amounts of secondary metabolites.Graphical abstract

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Activated Carbon Microparticles in a Plasma Clot for Bone Reconstruction and In Situ Drug Delivery: A Feasibility Study.

The development of bone-filling biomaterials capable of delivering in situ bone growth promoters or therapeutic agents is a key area of research. We previously developed a biomaterial constituting biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microparticles embedded in an autologous blood or plasma clot, which induced bone-like tissue formation in ectopic sites and mature bone formation in orthotopic sites, in small and large animals. More recently, we showed that activated carbon (AC) fiber cloth is a biocompatible material that can be used, due to its multiscale porosity, as therapeutic drug delivery system. The present work aimed first to assess the feasibility of preparing calibrated AC microparticles, and second to investigate the properties of a BCP/AC microparticle combination embedded in a plasma clot. We show here, for the first time, after subcutaneous (SC) implantation in mice, that the addition of AC microparticles to a BCP/plasma clot does not impair bone-like tissue formation and has a beneficial effect on the vascularization of the newly formed tissue. Our results also confirm, in this SC model, the ability of AC in particle form to adsorb and deliver large molecules at an implantation site. Altogether, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using this BCP/AC/plasma clot composite for bone reconstruction and drug delivery.

Cannabidiol-loaded microparticles embedded in a porous hydrogel matrix for biomedical applications

In this study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with cannabidiol (CBD) were synthesized (PLGA@CBD microparticles) and embedded up to 10 wt% in a chondroitin sulfate/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel matrix. In vitro chemical, physical, and biological assays were carried out to validate the potential use of the modified hydrogels as biomaterials. The microparticles had spherical morphology and a narrow range of size distribution. CBD encapsulation efficiency was around 52%, loading was approximately 50%. Microparticle addition to the hydrogels caused minor changes in their morphology, FTIR and thermal analyses confirmed these changes. Swelling degree and total porosity were reduced in the presence of microparticles, but similar hydrophilic and degradation in phosphate buffer solution behaviors were observed by all hydrogels. Rupture force and maximum strain at rupture were higher in the modified hydrogels, whereas modulus of elasticity was similar across all materials. Viability of primary human dental pulp cells up to 21 days was generally not influenced by the addition of PLGA@CBD microparticles. The control hydrogel showed no antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas hydrogels with 5% and 10% PLGA@CBD microparticles showed inhibition zones. In conclusion, the PLGA@CBD microparticles were fabricated and successfully embedded in a hydrogel matrix. Despite the hydrophobic nature of CBD, the physicochemical and morphological properties were generally similar for the hydrogels with and without the CBD-loaded microparticles. The data reported in this study suggested that this original biomaterial loaded with CBD oil has characteristics that could enable it to be used as a scaffold for tissue/cellular regeneration.Graphical

Synergistic phase change and heat conduction of low melting-point alloy microparticle additives in expanded graphite shape-stabilized organic phase change materials

Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have great potential for efficient thermal energy storage and passive thermal management applications due to their non-corrosiveness, high heat storage capacity and stable operating temperature. However, low thermal conductivity and easy leakage seriously restrict the actual application. Meanwhile, heat transfer enhancers typically have a serious negative effect on the heat storage capacity of the PCMs. In this paper, a novel strategy for preparing high performance shape-stable composite phase change materials (CPCMs) is reported, utilizing paraffin wax (PW) as the energy storage material and expanded graphite (EG) as heat transfer enhancers and supporting material, especially in which low melting-point alloy (LMA) micro particles having same phase change temperature as PW are employed with two purposes: one is to provide extra latent heat, and another is to construct a hybrid three-dimensional thermal conduction network in microscale to achieve synergistic thermal conduction with EG. The resulting CPCMs exhibit excellent characteristics in energy storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal cycling stability. The thermal conductivity of ternary CPCM can reach 5.842 W m−1 K−1 when the LMA and EG loading are 4.55 wt% and 9 wt%, which is about 16.4 times higher than that of pure PW, with no obvious volumetric latent heat reduction. This work provides a novel and promising approach for the preparation of CPCMs with high and fast storage properties.

Magnetoelectrocatalysis: Evidence from the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rates are higher where magnetic gradients are established at electrode surfaces. In comparison of literature data for metals with comparable work functions, we note 1000× higher rates for paramagnetic metals than diamagnetic metals. With unpaired electron spins, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic metals establish interfacial magnetic gradients. At diamagnetic electrodes, gradients are induced by addition of magnetized microparticles. Onset of hydrogen evolution for magnetized γ-Fe2O3 microparticles in Nafion on diamagnetic glassy carbon electrodes is lower by 190 mV (-18 kJ mol-1) relative to demagnetized microparticles. Chemically the same as demagnetized particles, the physical distinction of magnetic field and gradient at magnetized microparticles increases electron transfer rate. For magnetized Fe3O4 microparticles, the onset is lower by 280 mV (-27 kJ mol-1). Paramagnetic platinum electrodes are unaffected by addition of magnetized microparticles. Magnetoelectrocatalysis is established by magnetic gradients.

Inducing Fungal Pelletization Using Affordable Microparticle

Filamentous fungi have been known as one of the potential microorganisms in various industries. One of the isolates with great potential is Mucor irregularis that offer substantial potential to their growth characteristics. In submerged cultures, these microorganisms often aggregate into mycelia, enabling high-density cultivation and enhanced productivity. M irregularis have a high lipid content of 43.46% and a yield of 3.28 g/L. To further lipid-rich biomass production, pelletization is explored to involve the addition of microparticles like magnesium silicate and calcium carbonate. Microparticles have demonstrated the ability to control growth and enhance biomass in various strains. This study investigates the impact of microparticle addition on M. irregularis biomass production and pellet formation. Preliminary tests reveal that the addition of magnesium silicate microparticles (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) induces pellet formation, with the 2 g/L treatment yielding optimal results. Microscopic observations confirm that higher magnesium silicate concentrations result in more compact pellets. Biomass production peaks at 72 hours of incubation, reaching 3.09 ± 0.43 g/L, while the largest pellet diameter of 1.27 mm occurs at 48 hours of incubation. This research offers insights into enhancing biomass production and pellet formation in M. irregularis, holding promise for diverse applications.

Improving the Anaerobic Digestion Process of Wine Lees by the Addition of Microparticles

Wine lee generation, a by-product of the wine industry, implies economic challenges for producers in terms of management due to its high organic load and low pH value. Biological treatment based on controlled anaerobic digestion may emerge as a viable management alternative given its promising potential for biogas production thanks to the organic content of the substrate. However, the complex properties of wine lees may lead to microbial activity inhibition and process kinetics failure. Various solutions have already been explored, including co-digestion with other substrates, or the application of different pretreatments, to mitigate the effects of the accumulation of phenolic compounds, volatile fatty acids, antioxidants, or the acidic pH value of the medium. In this study, laboratory-scale batch reactors were established, adding iron- (magnetite) or carbon (graphite)-based microparticles to assess their impact on the kinetics of the process. The results demonstrate a significant improvement of 35% in the potential production of biomethane after four days of operation with graphite particles and 42% after five days using magnetite particles. Methane production rates, as determined by the Gompertz model, were 45.38 and 46.54 mL CH4∙gVS−1∙d−1 for the application of graphite and magnetite microparticles to the medium, respectively, compared to the value of 33.46 mL CH4∙gVS−1∙d−1 for the control trial, confirming kinetic process improvements of 36% and 39%, respectively. Evidences of the acceleration of the methanogenesis phase were detected along the essays; however, the strong inhibition mediated by the carboxylate accumulation was not avoided in any of the tested conditions.

A study of parametric optimization, microstructure and wear behavior of an AA7075–SiC composite coating developed by friction surfacing

This research work was performed to successfully develop a wear-resistant AA7075–SiC composite coating over AA6082 substrate via friction surfacing. For the composite coating deposition, AA7075 consumable rod with micron-sized SiC reinforcement particles filled in the blind holes on its end was considered. The critical process parameters, such as rotational speed (RS) (1000, 1200, and 1400 rpm), number of holes (1, 2, and 3 holes) containing reinforcement and transverse speed (TS) (140, 160, and 180 mm/min) were investigated to determine their influence on the output responses such as microhardness, bond strength and dry sliding wear of the composite coatings. The experiments were planned as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array, and the process parameters were multi-optimized using grey relational analysis. The optimized composite coating developed at a RS of 1200 rpm, TS of 140 mm/min, and three holes exhibited a bond strength of 154.72 MPa, improvement in the hardness by 108.7% and reduction in the wear by 56.02% as compared to the substrate. The noteworthy grain refinement in the coating occurred after the addition of SiC microparticles due to the Zener pinning effect. The worn surfaces of the coatings indicated the abrasion and adhesion wear mechanism during the wear testing.

Micronized calcium carbonate to enhance water-based drilling fluid properties

Advanced drilling technique requires competent drilling fluids. This study tests micronized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a water-based drilling fluid (WBDF) additive. CaCO3 microparticles were extracted from Aruma formation outcrop and studied for structural, colloidal stability, morphology, and particle size distribution. WBDF systems were prepared with varying quantities of CaCO3 microparticles, including 0, 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl, respectively. The addition of CaCO3 microparticles was investigated in terms of the rheological, high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) filtration, barite sagging, density, and pH. The results showed that CaCO3 microparticles are stable at a pH greater than 8. Moreover, fluid containing CaCO3 microparticles exhibited an enhancement in rheological properties. The yield point increased by 29%, 34%, and 37% for 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl of CaCO3 respectively. In addition, the HPHT filtration also showed that CaCO3 has a significant improvement in both filtration loss and filter cake thickness. The filter cake thickness decreased by 17%, 40%, and 65% at 15, 30, and 45 lb/bbl of CaCO3 respectively. Static and dynamic sag maintained in a safe range at 30 lb/bbl of CaCO3 microparticles. This study showed that using CaCO3 microparticles along with conventional fluid additives improved the thermal stability and rheological properties of drilling fluid.

Use of magnetic powder to effectively improve the denitrification employing the activated sludge fermentation liquid as carbon source

Nitrogen removal is often limited in municipal wastewater treatment due to the lack of sufficient carbon source. Utilizing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation broth as a carbon source is an ideal alternative to reduce the cost for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and improve denitrification efficiency simultaneously. In this study, an anaerobic system was applied for simultaneous denitrification and WAS fermentation and the addition of magnetic microparticles (MMP) were confirmed to enhance both denitrification and WAS fermentation. Firstly, the addition of MMP increased the nitrate reduction rate by over 25.36% and improve the production of N2. Additionally, the equivalent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the detected VFAs increased by 7.06%–14.53%, suggesting that MMP promoted the WAS fermentation. The electron transfer efficiency of denitrifies was accelerated by MMP via electron-transporting system (ETS) activity and cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments, which might result in the promotional denitrification and WAS fermentation performance. Furthermore, the high-throughput sequencing displayed that, MMP enriched key microbes capable of degrading the complex organics (Chloroflexi, Synergistota and Spirochaetota) as well as the typical denitrifies (Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17 and Denitratisoma). Therefore, this study provides a novel strategy to realize simultaneous WAS utilization and denitrification for WWTPs.

Circular economy-driven additive manufacturing: A model for recycling PLA/copper composites through multi-extrusion processing

ISO 52,900 material extrusion (MEX) 3D printing utilises materials to manufacture customisable components. End of life parts lead to accumulation of nondegradable plastic wastes with detrimental environmental impacts. Circular methods to close the loop will reduce the wastes that would end up in landfill. Recycling polylactic acid (PLA) has been reported to negatively impact the mechanical properties compared to the virgin material. We investigate the addition of copper microparticles, found in old electronic parts, to recycled PLA and its effects on the mechanical properties. We pelletise the extruded filament and use it as the feedstock for another further extrusion to simulate the recycling process. The first extrusion showed a good copper dispersion in the PLA matrix, the novelty of the second pass was to create a model to evaluate mechanical performance. Commercially available 60wt% copper filament was used as a benchmark. Tensile strength and modulus of extruded filament were found to be 48.8 MPa and 2.3 GPa for sample with quarter copper loading, respectively. All extruded filaments outperformed commercial filament in fracture toughness, with values of 1.06 MPa√m for quarter copper loading and 1.1 Mpa√m for half copper loading, with re-extrusion reducing fracture toughness by 34% and 9%, respectively.

Enhanced skin neocollagenesis through the transdermal delivery of poly-L-lactic acid microparticles by using a needle-free supersonic atomizer

In this study, a spindle-type nozzle was designed to accelerate poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) microparticles to supersonic velocities for the transdermal delivery of these microparticles to rats. This approach is needle- and pain-free and enhances skin collagen regeneration. The addition of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 2 mg/mL did not hinder the growth of 3 T3 fibroblasts and Raw264.7 macrophages. The TNF-α assay revealed no obvious inflammation effect of PLLA microparticles at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A time-lapse recording revealed that after being cocultured with PLLA microparticles for 24 h, Raw264.7 macrophages gradually approached and surrounded the PLLA microparticles. When 3 T3 fibroblasts were cocultured with Raw264.7 macrophages, which were stimulated using PLLA microparticles, collagen synthesis was increased by approximately 60 % compared with that in samples without PLLA microparticles. In vivo animal experiments indicated that after the transdermal delivery of 10 shots of PLLA microparticles through the supersonic atomizer, no obvious changes or damage to the back skin of Sprague–Dawley rats was observed. More importantly, numerous PLLA microparticles penetrated the rat epidermis into the dermal layer. We found macrophages and fibroblasts present close to the PLLA microparticles. Moreover, only mild or no inflammation reaction was observed. Masson staining revealed that after 6-week implantation, 6 % and 12 % of PLLA microparticles significantly stimulated collagen regeneration in 6-week-old and 32-week-old rats. In addition, picrosirius red staining revealed a significant increase in collagen regeneration, especially for type III collagen, following the 6-week implantation of PLLA microparticles. In summary, this study demonstrated an easy, pain-free, nondestructive approach for introducing PLLA microparticles into the dermal layer by using a supersonic atomizer to stimulate collagen regeneration in vivo.

Sustainable Greenhouse Covering Materials with Nano- and Micro-Particle Additives for Enhanced Radiometric and Thermal Properties and Performance

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of nano- and microscopic materials that can provide thermal radiation insulation without reducing visible light transmittance, thereby reducing heat loss and conserving energy in greenhouses. We also reviewed the radial and thermal properties of greenhouse covering materials. Fillers, colorants, reinforcers, and additives, as well as glass, plastic film, and plastic sheet materials, were discussed. Additionally, by searching for keywords like insulation film, insulation agent, and infrared insulation, compounds based on graphene and fullerene as well as phase transition materials (PCMs) that may be used for radiation insulation, we proposed their potential use in greenhouse covers. They can be divided into semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) materials, zinc oxide-based film fillers, and silica filter films. We discussed the radiation heat insulation and light transmission characteristics of these materials. Nano-synthesis techniques were also investigated. Based on latest advances in the literature, future developments in the micro- and macroscale synthesis of nanomaterials will enable additional innovations in covering materials for greenhouse structures. A limiting factor, though, was the high sensitivity of PVs to external climatic and meteorological variables. The ability of materials used to make greenhouse covers to control the microclimate, reduce CO2 emissions, use less energy, and increase agricultural productivity, however, cannot be disputed. Similar to this, a thorough examination of the uses of various greenhouse technologies reveals that the advancements also have financial advantages, particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse heating and cooling expenses. The PCMs, which decreased greenhouse-operating costs by maintaining constant ambient temperatures, provide ample evidence of this.

Assessment of Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructure of Micro Boron Carbide Particles Reinforced Al2011 Alloy Metal Matrix Composite for Aerospace Applications

Due to the superior qualities nowadays, composite materials are already replacing conventional materials as constituents. The incorporation of micro particles brings about an innovation in the material world. Micro particles also affect manufacturing and mechanical characteristics. In the current study, three different types of samples are fabricated by stir casting method by reinforcing the 0% wt., 2.5% wt. and 5% wt. of boron carbide (B4C) micro particles in aluminium alloy (Al2011) matrix. Finally, mechanical and microstructural properties are evaluated by conducting tensile, compression and hardness tests on fabricated samples. The study revealed that by the addition of 2.5% wt. and 5% wt. of B4C micro particles to Al2011 alloy then on comparing to the pure Al2011 alloy, the mechanical properties of the matrix with the Al2011 particles are improved. Additionally, the findings of the experiments demonstrate that the addition of B4C micro particles reduces the ductility of the composites. Furthermore, micrography analysis by SEM and FEA analysis has been carried out on the developed composites, SEM analysis shows that uniform a distribution of B4C particles in the Al2011 matrix. Also, FEA analysis revealed that there is closeness amongst FEA results and analytical results.

Ultrahigh-strength and ductile CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys manufactured by laser powder bed fusion with multiple strengthening mechanisms

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has been proposed as a potential manufacturing process of high-entropy alloys involving rapid cooling rate and compositional element tuning. It, to some extent, compensates for the lack of strength of face-centered cubic (FCC) CoCrFeNi alloy by introducing high-density dislocations and generating hierarchical structures. In this study, the CoCrFeNi-based alloy was manufactured by L-PBF with the minor addition of B4C micro-particles and their properties and microstructure were evaluated. Nano-sized precipitates consisting of the boride and varying carbides were found in the form of a core-shell structure. An in-site transformation of carbides appeared around the core of the precipitate due to a large temperature gradient in the melt pool during manufacturing. The tensile yield and ultimate strength of CoCrFeNi–B4C alloy (1249.5 MPa and 1421.0 MPa) are double that of CoCrFeNi matrix (624.5 MPa and 691.1 MPa) at room temperature with competitive ductility. The exceptional mechanical properties can be mainly ascribed to precipitate hardening, dislocation hardening and grain refinement, as well as the particle-dislocation interaction.

Porous Biocoatings Based on Diatomite with Incorporated ZrO2 Particles for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants

In the present work, the surface of a biodegradable Mg alloy was modified to create porous diatomite biocoatings using the method of micro-arc oxidation. The coatings were applied at process voltages in the range of 350-500 V. We have studied the influence of the addition of ZrO2 microparticles on the structure and properties of diatomite-based protective coatings for Mg implants. The structure and properties of the resulting coatings were examined using a number of research methods. It was found that the coatings have a porous structure and contain ZrO2 particles. The coatings were mostly characterized by pores less than 1 μm in size. However, as the voltage of the MAO process increases, the number of larger pores (5-10 μm in size) also increases. However, the porosity of the coatings varied insignificantly and amounted to 5 ± 1%. It has been revealed that the incorporation of ZrO2 particles substantially affects the properties of diatomite-based coatings. The adhesive strength of the coatings has increased by approximately 30%, and the corrosion resistance has increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the coatings without zirconia particles.

Gradient Heatmetry in Study of Heat Transfer during Pool Boiling of Subcooled Water and Liquid with the Addition of Al2O3 Microparticles

Gradient Heatmetry in Study of Heat Transfer during Pool Boiling of Subcooled Water and Liquid with the Addition of Al2O3 Microparticles

Testing a cost‐affordable microfiltration method to prevent eye formation in cheeses

The naturally occurring microparticles in the cheesemilk are essential for the eye formation in cheeses because they act as eye nuclei. So, their elimination could be a strategy to avoid the eye formation in cheese varieties in which the eyes are considered a defect. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency of a cost-affordable method, microfiltration through filter bag with 1 μm pore size, for eliminating microparticles from the cheesemilk and so to prevent the undesirable eye formation. For that, cheesemilk was microfiltrated and used to make experimental and control Swiss-type cheeses with and without the addition of hay microparticles, respectively. These microparticles were added to act as eye nuclei and to promote the eye formation in experimental cheeses, while the absence of microparticles in control cheeses should avoid the eye development. Cheeses were ripened (60 days) in adequate successive steps to allow the gas production by the propionic bacteria included in the starter. Gross composition, pH, and content of carbohydrates and organic acids including propionate were the same in both treatments indicating that similar amounts of CO2 were produced. Despite microfiltration of the milk, control cheeses developed a considerable number of eyes, as well as experimental cheeses, although the eye volume was higher in the last ones. So, the microfiltration with a filter bag was not efficient to prevent eye formation, probably because it did not eliminate all the native nuclei, and therefore is not suitable to our objective. Practical Applications It have been demonstrated that the presence of microparticles is absolutely needed for the eyes formation because they act as eye nuclei. So, the elimination of these microparticles from the cheesemilk could be a strategy to avoid the unwanted eye formation in some cheese varieties, which is a main problem for small and medium cheese factories. In this way, tangential microfiltration of cheesemilk has been proposed as an appropriate technique to removes naturally occurring microparticles. However, it is a costly method and not entirely widespread. In this work, the performance of a more cost affordable and easily adaptable method: microfiltration through filter bag (not tangential), for eliminating microparticles and so to avoid eye formation in cheese varieties in which the eyes are considered a defect was assessed. However, this methodology did not demonstrate a good performance.