Addition Of HPMC Research Articles

XGB Modeling Reveals Improvement of Compressive Strength of Cement-Based Composites with Addition of HPMC and Chitosan.

This study investigates the improvement in the compressive strength of cellulose/cement-based composites. Methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPMC) are separately used as the cellulose phase with different wt%. Graphene oxide (GO) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) are used as additives for bone regeneration for various formulations. Utilizing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) modeling, this research demonstrates the roles of the choice of the cellulose phase, wt% of cement phase, % gelatin, % citric acid, degradation time, and concentration of GO and ZOL in influencing compressive strength. The XGB regression model, with an R2 value of 0.99 (~1), shows the predictive power of the model. Feature importance analysis demonstrates the significance of cellulose choice and the addition of chitosan in enhancing compressive strength. The correlation heatmap reveals positive associations, emphasizing the positive influence of HPMC and CMC compared with MC and the substantial impact of chitosan and citric acid on compressive strength. The model's predictive accuracy is validated through predicted compressive strength values with experimental observations, providing insights for optimizing cellulose-reinforced cements and enabling tailored material design for enhanced mechanical performance.

Curcumin amorphous solid dispersions benefit from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 to perform enhanced anti-inflammatory effects

The solubility and permeability enhancement of curcumin (Cur) is crucial for its manufacture and application in medical field. Herein, Cur amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with enhanced drug solubility and permeability was formulated by Eudragit EPO (EuD) and biological macromolecules of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 (HPMC), and significant functions of HPMC for Cur ASDs were mainly studied. The results showed that the mean particle size of Cur decreased from more than 300 nm to less than 200 nm with the addition of HPMC in excipient aqueous solution evidenced by dynamic light scattering result, confirming that HPMC had the ability to inhibit crystallization by lowering drug-rich droplets in the initial mixing process. Innovatively for molecular dynamic modeling study, crystalline Cur molecules in EuD medium trended to aggregate while not for EuD/HPMC 1:1 and EuD/HPMC 3:1 medium. HPMC functioned as surfactant converted the arrangement of phospholipid bilayers to un-ordered, and un-ordered state of phospholipids lead to the enhancement of Cur transmembrane using HPMC as auxiliary excipient. Cur-EuD/HPMC 3:1 contributed greatly to the Cur permeability, leading to obtain superior relative oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effect. Cur ASDs with proper amount of HPMC can be rendered as outstanding therapeutic strategy for medical application.

Formulation Development and Characterization of Floating Drug Delivery System of Rosiglitazone Maleate

In the current study, wet granulation with various concentrations and combinations of excipients like magnesium stearate as a lubricant, talc as glident, DCP as diluent, and PVP K 30 as a binder successfully produced floating tablets of rosiglitazone maleate. These excipients included HPMC K15M, xanthan gum, sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid as gas-generating agents. We investigated every pre-compressional parameter, including angle of repose, bulk density, and Carr's index. Drug content, hardness, friability, weight fluctuation, in-vitro dissolving experiments, floating qualities, and stability investigations were performed on the compressed tablets. According to in-vitro experiments, the release time increases up to 6, 8, and 10 hours, respectively, as the content of HPMC K15M in formulations F1, F2, and F3 is raised. For formulations F4, F5, and F6, adding xanthan gum raised the release to 7, 9, and 11 hours, respectively. In formulations F7, F8, and F9, the release was found to be increased up to 8, 10, and 12 hours, respectively, with the addition of HPMC K 15 M and Xanthan gum. F9 was discovered to be the finest formulation since it could maintain release for up to 12 hours. All formulations displayed "n" value for Peppa's plot in the range of 0.45 to 0.89, demonstrating anomalous transport (non-Fickian diffusion) as the method of drug release. The improved formulation (F9) was demonstrated to be stable and intact without any contact over the course of 90 days.

New Biopharmaceutical Characteristics of In Situ Systems Based on Poloxamer 407.

Thermosensitive systems based on poloxamer 407 are widely used in targeted drug delivery; however, the stability of the phase transition temperature remains insufficiently studied. This article presents the results of a study on the effect of adding polyethylene glycols (PEG) with different molecular weights and some classical gel-forming polymers on the gelation temperature of thermoreversible compositions based on poloxamer 407 in a long-term experiment. The study showed a positive effect of PEG addition with average molecular weights at concentrations of 1.5-2.0%, as well as gelling agents at a concentration below the critical gelation concentration. The proposed rheological test for studying the samples' adhesion can give an indirect forecast of the composition adhesive rate. Based on the conducted studies, three experimental binary systems based on poloxamer 407 were selected, with the addition of HPMC 0.5%, sodium alginate 0.5%, and PEG 1500 1.5%. These systems are the most promising for the further development of in situ targeted drug delivery systems.

Preparation of anti-washout cement-stabilized marine soft clay for scouring protection of wind power pile foundations

This study aims to prepare an anti-washout grout using marine soft clay to stabilize the wind power pile foundations. The cement, hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose ether (HPMC), and sodium silicate were chosen as the main materials to modify the marine soft clay, and the fluidity, bleeding rate, setting time, rheology, anti-washout characteristics, and compressive strength were investigated. The results showed that high cement content, HPMC, and sodium silicate decreased the workability of grout while enhancing the washout resistance. The addition of HPMC and sodium silicate would increase the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the grout. The sodium silicate content was the key factor influencing the early strength, while the cement content and HPMC affect the later strength. The microstructures including the morphology of C-S-H gels and the content of ettringite and calcium hydroxide significantly changed with the addition of sodium silicate, and Friedel’s salt was observed through the microstructure analysis. This study can provide effective guidance for the utilization of marine soft clay, the preparation of anti-washout grout, and the control of pile foundation stability.

Bonding Performance of Epoxy Modified Cement-based Adhesive

To improve the bonding properties of cement-based adhesives, epoxy resin is added in this study. The effects of various mix parameters, including epoxy, PVA powder, HPMC, silica fume, and synthetic fibers, and water contents, on the mechanical performance of epoxy modified cement-based adhesives are investigated. Experimental results show when the content of epoxy exceeds 15% of the cement by weight, the bond strength improves by more than 90%. But excessive epoxy adversely reduces the compressive strength of cement-based adhesive. The addition of PVA powder and HPMC also enhances bond strength. Water binder ratio and silica fume mainly affect the compressive strength of the cement-based adhesive. The addition of synthetic fibers greatly improves the toughness and crack resistance of the material. This study provides a solid basis for the optimization of mix compositions of cement based adhesives in various civil engineering applications.

Development and Characterization of Tramadol Hydrochloride Rectal Suppository

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug. Rectal administration of tramadol is useful in the treatment of post-operative pain or malignant pain in cases where it cannot be administered orally. Rectal suppositories of tramadol hydrochloride were prepared using different bases and polymers and the effect of different additives on in vitro release of tramadol hydrochloride was studied. The agar-based suppositories were non-disintegrating/non-dissolving. All the prepared suppositories were evaluated for various physical parameters like weight variation, drug content and hardness. In vitro release study was performed by USP type I apparatus. Addition of 10% w/w propylene glycol accelerates the release of tramadol hydrochloride significantly (P<0.05) as in A1, which may be due to decrease in the gel matrix of agar. In formulation A2, A3 Addition of HPMC (1%, 3% w/w) and in formulation A3 and A4 addition of PVP (1%, 3% w/w) retards the release significantly (P<0.05), which may be due to increase in the viscosity and gel strength of the polymer matrix. Hence, PVP, HPMC and similar polymers in higher concentration can be used to formulate sustained released suppositories. The sustained release suppositories can be prepared by addition of PVP, HPMC in agar-based suppositories. Keywords: Tramadol, Rectal suppositories, PVP, HPMC, Agar.

Rheological Properties and Early-Age Microstructure of Cement Pastes with Limestone Powder, Redispersible Polymer Powder and Cellulose Ether.

In order to study the synergistic effects of organic and inorganic thickening agents on the rheological properties of cement paste, the rheological parameters, thixotropy cement-paste containing limestone powder (LP), re-dispersible polymer powder (RPP), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC) were investigated using the Anton Paar MCR 102 rheometer at different resting times. The early-age hydration process, hydration products, and microstructure were also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry analyses (TGA). The results showed that the addition of LP, RPP, and HPMC affected the rheological properties of cement paste, but the thickening mechanism between organic and inorganic thickening agents was different. The small amount of LP increased the plastic viscosity but decreased the yield stress of cement paste due to its dense filling effect. Adding 1% of RPP improved the thixotropic property of cement paste by 50%; prolonging the standing time could improve the thixotropic performance by as much as two times. Only 0.035% HPMC added to the cement paste increased the plastic viscosity by 20%, while the yield stress increased nearly twice. The more HPMC added, the more significant effect it showed. Cement paste compounds with LP, RPP, and HPMC balanced the yield stress and plastic viscosity and improved the thixotropy. The C-L6-R1.0-H0.035 paste presented as a pseudoplastic, its rheological indexes were close to one, and it was hardly affected by the resting time. The composite superposition effect of organic and inorganic thickening agents reduced the impact of resting time for all pastes. As the organic thickening component inhibited the hydration more than the LP promoted the hydration of the cement paste, indicating that the C-L6-R1.0-H0.035 paste remained in the particle fusion stage after curing for three days, as shown by the SEM images.

TAILORING OF SOLUBILITY OF IBUPROFEN IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROPHILIC EXCIPIENTS IN WATER-ETHANOL MIXTURES BY CRYSTALLIZATION METHOD

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of some commonly used pharmaceutical excipients on the solubility of Ibuprofen (Ibu) in a co-solvent consisting of water (W) and ethanol (E). Methods: The Ibu solubility studies were carried out by dissolving the drug to equilibrium into aqueous ethanol solvents at a fixed temperature. The temperature of the water bath was kept constant (±0.1 °C of the desired temperatures 10, 25 and 40 °C). The solubility of Ibu was measured by using UV spectrophotometry. Results: The low solubility (~ 50 ppm) of Ibu without excipients in water (zero ethanol) was observed. However, Ibu solubility was increased near exponentially with excipient containing co-solvent system. The maximum solubility of Ibu (1726 ppm) was occurred in a co-solvent containing 1.52% leucine, 5.22% mannitol, 0.25% HPMC, 1.55% Pl F127 and 10.75% w/w ethanol. The phase separation between 34% and 63% w/w E/(E+W) was observed at 40 °C. The individual effect of Pl F127 on enhancing the Ibu solubility was significant. Conclusion: The individual addition of leucine, mannitol and HPMC has limited impact on the solubility of Ibu. However, the effect of combining these excipients together on Ibu solubility is significantly high.

Karakteristik Granul Gastroretentive Mukoadhesif Amoksisilin dengan menggunakan Kitosan-Alginat, Na.CMC dan HPMC

Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) is a slow-release preparation that can be bound to the surface of epithelial cells or gastric mucosa, while mucoadhesive is one of the mechanisms of action of the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS), which is a drug delivery system in which the bio adhesive polymer is combined with the drug. designed to have a longer contact with the mucous membranes in the digestive tract. This study aims to see how the characteristics of the granules that are formulated in the form of mucoadhesive gastroretentive granules. The preparation method used was wet granulation using a mucoadhesive polymer, namely chitosan-alginate with the addition of HPMC and Sodium CMC. The results showed that the velocity test of the flow rate on the granule formula F1-F8 met the flow rate requirements, the results of the F9 velocity had a poor flow rate, while the results of the angle of repose measurement in the F1, F2 and F4 formulas had good flowability, which was below 30o, different with F3, F5, F6, F7, F8, and F9 which have a 30-40o angle of repose with good flowability. The results of the particle size distribution using the stratified sieve method showed that the formulas F1-F9 were mostly retained by a mesh number 20 sieve with a size of 426-850 m. The results of the test results of the gastroretentive mucoadhesive granule preparation of amoxicillin showed that the preparation met the requirements for making granules.

Mucoadhesion and Mucopenetration of Cannabidiol (CBD)-Loaded Mesoporous Carrier Systems for Buccal Drug Delivery

Transmucosal drug delivery represents a promising noninvasive option when drugs are employed which have a low oral bioavailability like CBD. However, this concept can only be successful as long as the formulation provides sufficient buccal retention and mucosal penetration. In this study, mucoadhesive carrier systems were evaluated consisting of CBD-loaded silica (Aeroperl 300) carriers, mucoadhesive polymers (Hypromellose (HPMC), chitosan and carbomer) and propylene glycol as a penetration enhancer. Mucoadhesive effect, drug release and penetration ability were evaluated for each carrier system. The results show that the addition of HPMC and carbomer substantially improve mucoadhesion compared to pure CBD, with an increase of 16-fold and 20-fold, respectively. However, due to their strong swelling, HPMC and carbomer hinder the penetration of CBD and rely on co-administration of propylene glycol as an enhancer to achieve sufficient mucosal absorption. Chitosan, on the other hand, achieves an 8-fold increase in mucoadhesion and enhances the amount of CBD absorbed by three times compared to pure CBD. Thus, chitosan represents a promising polymer to combine both effects. Considering the results, the development of silica-based buccal drug delivery systems is a promising approach for the effective delivery of CBD.

Advantages of introducing an effective crystalline inhibitor in curcumin amorphous solid dispersions formulated by Eudragit E100.

This paper was to elucidate the advantages of using an effective crystalline inhibitor, which was hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5 (HPMC), in inhibiting crystallisation for curcumin amorphous solid dispersion (Cur ASDs) formulated by Eudragit E100 (E100). Physical characterisation such as differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction revealed the solid state during the formation of dispersion and clarified the compatibility between Cur and excipient. The liquidity of excipient and the change of Tg in Cur ASDs demonstrated that the addition of HPMC can reduce molecule motion of the whole system, improve Tg of Cur ASDs and inhibit crystallisation of Cur ASDs. The water uptake experiment and molecular dynamic modelling further confirmed the effective solution and matrix crystallisation inhibition role of HPMC. The elucidation of HPMC as auxiliary excipient on inhibiting crystallisation for Cur ASDs will bring huge value in designing Cur ASDs in the future.

Study on the Influence of HPMC on Rheological Parameters of Cement Paste and Properties of Concrete

The effects of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) with different viscosities on rheological parameters of cement paste and properties of concrete mixed with polycarboxylic superplasticizer (PCE) were studied. The results show that the addition of HPMC with different viscosities can increase the plastic viscosity of the cement paste. High-viscosity HPMC can obtain higher plastic viscosity at a lower dosage, and lower-viscosity HPMC requires a higher dosage to achieve higher plastic viscosity.The mixing of HPMC with different viscosities into concrete can effectively reduce the bleeding rate of concrete, the 3 d compressive strength is slightly reduced, and the 28 d compressive strength is slightly increased.

Soil infiltration and conservative solute transport characteristics with different viscosity of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

AbstractHydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), a potential soil improver with the ability to hold water, has practical applicability in alleviating soil and water nutrient loss. By using Cl− as tracer ions, we evaluated the effects of different HPMC viscosities on soil water infiltration characteristics and conservative solute migration characteristics. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with viscosities of 2 × 104, 6 × 104, 10 × 104, and 20 × 104 mPa s−1 was selected. Experimental results revealed that the cumulative infiltration amount, wetting front migration distance, and infiltration rate decreased significantly with increased HPMC viscosity. The addition of HPMC delayed the soil solute transport process, and HPMC with a higher viscosity caused greater soil solute transport delay. Both the convection‐dispersion equation (CDE) and the two‐region model (TRM) accurately simulated solute transport, but the simulation accuracy of the TRM was higher. Results of parametric fitting based on the TRM indicated that the average pore water velocity, hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and dispersion degree decrease with increased HPMC viscosity. The average pore water velocity decreased by 13.6–28.2% relative to the control group (CG). Compared with the CG, the water content ratio in movable water of HPMC groups changed irregularly with an increase in viscosity. The mass exchange coefficient increased significantly compared with the CG, with an irregular trend. These data will be useful in the application and promotion of HPMC as a soil improver.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Duloxetine Hydrochloride Multi-Particulate Delayed-Release Capsules

Background: Multi-particulate drug delivery systems are mainly oral dosage forms consisting of a multiplicity of small discrete units, each exhibiting some desired characteristics. Duloxetine hydrochloride is acid-labile thus it is formulated as gastro-resistant pellets. Objective: The work aims to develop Delayed-release oral capsules comprising Duloxetine Hcl pellets which is similar in dissolution profile and bioavailability, there by establishing bio equivalence to that of the reference product-Cymbalta®. Methods: The pellets are formulated in a fluidised bed processor, by Wurster process. The finished pellet consists of four different layers, coated over the sugar spheres. The first layer is the drug layer, followed by a barrier layer to separate enteric layer and drug, finally a top layer that acts as a moisture barrier. The pharmaceutical equivalence and stability of finished product to that of the standard was the primary objective during the development of each layer. Thus, in all stages of development, the dissolution and stability were closely monitored and the excipients were optimized based omit. Results: Poor process efficiency, multi-pellet formation and low dissolution of the drug layer are resolved by the addition of HPMC, talc and corn starch respectively. The moisture permeability across the barrier layer was arrested by Opadry® AMB white. 25-30%. 25% coating thickness with Eudragit L-30-D55 provides acid resistance and timely drug release. Finally, a 5% coating with Opadry® AMB again provides complete moisture protection. Conclusion: Developed pharmaceutically equivalent and stable dosage form of Duloxetine Hydrochloride

Propiedades fisicoquímicas de películas biodegradables de almidón de ñame espino (Dioscorea Rotundata), hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa y aceite de clavo (Syzygium aromaticum)

The development of biodegradable films using sustainable and renewable raw materials that produce materials with improved and active properties are a necessity for the current food packaging industry. Also, these materials must be low cost and friendly to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of clove essential oil on the mechanical, optical and barrier properties of yam starch and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based films. A decrease in water affinity and improved water vapour resistance was appreciated due to the addition of the essential oil. Furthermore, it was observed that as the concentration of HPMC increases, more resistant and deformable films are obtained. The films with the highest concentration of HPMC showed more resistant and deformable capacity, with stress strength of 20MPa and deformation capacity of 18% and the smallest elastic modulus with a value of 400Mpa. Besides, the films have a high barrier against UV light. The addition of clove essential oil and HPMC improved the physicochemical properties of yam starch-based films.

Effect of the third component on the aging and crystallization of cinnarizine-soluplus® binary solid dispersion.

Multiple carriers may be used to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) for different purposes. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the third component on the physical stability and physical aging behavior of cinnarizine-soluplus SDs. HPMC, PVP, sorbitol and citric acid were used as the third component to prepare cinnarizine ternary SDs using hot melt extrusion method. The resultant samples were stored at 25°C or under stress conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and dissolution tests were performed to investigate the changes of samples during the storage. Infrared spectroscopy was used to evaluate the interactions between drug and carriers. Results showed that the addition of HPMC or PVP enhanced the physical stability of ternary SDs stored at 25°C rather than those stored under stress conditions. Sorbitol did not show any improvements in physical stability of samples stored at 25°C or under stress conditions. Surprisingly, the physical stability of samples stored at 25°C or under stress conditions was enhanced significantly by citric acid due to the ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The miscibility between drug and carriers as well as between different carriers should be considered when using multiple carriers. The third component can act as a "linker" by interacting with drug and polymer to enhance the physical stability of SDs effectively.

Quercetin amorphous solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion with enhanced solubility and intestinal absorption

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) on the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of Quercetin (Que). First, we prepared the Que ASDs with various excipients using hot-melt extrusion to find the best option. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the solid formation of Que. Wetting process was studied by contact angle and solution process. The abilities of HPMC to inhibit crystallization and improve membrane permeability were demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, in vitro permeability experiment and pharmacokinetics studies. Que existed as amorphous in solid dispersions, and poloxamer 188 (F68) was the best excipient for improving Que dissolution. Study on ASDs wettability proved Que ASDs improved wetting property in the presence of the F68. Furthermore, Que/F68/HPMC 1/4/3 and 1/5/2 ASDs belonged to drug-controlled diffusion; Que/F68/HPMC 1/6/1 ASDs belonged to drug/carrier-controlled diffusion; Que/F68 1/7 ASDs belonged to carrier-controlled diffusion. Addition of HPMC significantly inhibited the crystallization, improved membrane permeability and promoted drug absorption of compound Que. Que ASDs prepared enhanced solubility and intestinal absorption. Thus, Que ASDs provide a potent and efficacious formulation for Que oral administration.

Mechanistic elucidation of formation of drug-rich amorphous nanodroplets by dissolution of the solid dispersion formulation

Drug-rich amorphous nanodroplets have great potential to improve intestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Spray-dried samples (SPDs) of glibenclamide (GLB) with hypromellose (HPMC) or hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS, grade AS-LF and AS-HF) were prepared to investigate how GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplets form during the dissolution of solid dispersions. The co-spray drying of AS-LF significantly enhanced GLB dissolution from the SPD, leading to the temporary formation of GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplets. However, the droplets gradually coarsened as AS-LF fails to inhibit coarsening. In contrast, the addition of HPMC to the SPD failed to aid GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplet formation during dissolution. The failure of formation of GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplet was caused by slow GLB dissolution, due to the poor controllability of the GLB dissolution by HPMC. The addition of AS-HF to the SPD produced amorphous GLB particles that contained a large amount of AS-HF during dissolution. Gel-like particles formed instead of GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplets. When the SPD containing AS-LF was dissolved in AS-HF solution, stably-dispersed GLB-rich amorphous nanodroplets were successfully formed owing to rapid GLB dissolution from the SPD containing AS-LF and strong coarsening inhibition by AS-HF. Formulation optimization considering both aqueous dissolution of the solid dispersion and the inhibition of nanodroplet coarsening achieved stably-dispersed drug-rich amorphous nanodroplets.

Effect of incorporation of hydrocolloids on the physicochemical, pasting and rheological properties of colocasia starch

The effect of the addition of acacia gum and HPMC at the concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% on the physicochemical, pasting and rheological properties of colocasia starch was studied. The swelling power and solubility of colocasia starch increased significantly with increasing the concentration of both acacia gum and HPMC. The addition of acacia and HPMC to colocasia starch also influenced the pasting properties and showed a decrease in peak, breakdown, cold paste viscosity, and setback viscosity. This effect was more pronounced as the concentration of acacia or HPMC increased except HPMC at 2% concentration. The storage modulus (G′) was higher than the loss modulus (G″) and both increased with the increasing frequency. The magnitude of G′ and G″ decreased with the increase in gum (acacia and HPMC) concentration. The result indicated that the colocasia starch–HPMC paste exhibited slightly inferior viscoelastic properties as compared to colocasia starch–acacia paste.