Addition Of Feedback Research Articles

The dynamic influence of interactive feedback on elevating EFL students’ writing skills

This study investigates the effect of interactional feedback on students’ writing skills. One hundred participants enrolled in an intermediate EFL course at the State University of Malang, Indonesia, were recruited for this research. The quantitative method was employed for data analysis. The primary data analysis method used was the ANCOVA test, followed by the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. The results reveal that the dependent variables in the experimental group exhibited higher means compared to the control group. The ANCOVA test show that the dependent variables (writing length, accuracy, and effectiveness) were significantly affected by the addition of feedback (p = 0.000). However, no significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups regarding accuracy (p = 0.425) and writing length variables (p = 0.731). As a result, interactional feedback significantly impacted EFL students’ writing ability. This result highlights the need for thorough planning and preparation, including preparing ESL/EFL students through explicit instruction prior to peer review, to ensure that learners’ interactional feedback is useful. The findings suggest that EFL teachers should carefully select feedback styles that align with the intended purpose of providing feedback. For instance, more specific feedback options may prove more effective in assisting students in revising and improving their written assignments. Finally, this study provides valuable recommendations for further research in this field.

The SMARTER Trial: Design of a trial testing tailored mHealth feedback to impact self-monitoring of diet, physical activity, and weight

BackgroundSelf-monitoring food intake and physical activity (PA) is positively related to weight loss and the addition of feedback (FB) messages has been shown to reinforce behavior change. Moreover, the more immediate the delivery of reinforcing FB messages, the more likely they will promote the desired behaviors. PurposeDescribe design and rationale of SMARTER, a National Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood (NHLBI)-sponsored randomized, controlled trial, which compares the differential efficacy of two weight loss treatments among 530 adults, ages 18 and older. MethodsSingle-site, 2-group design trial with subjects randomized 1:1 to either: 1) self-monitoring (SM), where participants self-monitor diet, PA, and weight using a commercial smartphone application (app); or 2) SM + FB, where participants self-monitor and receive real-time, tailored feedback (FB) as pop-up messages up to 3 times/day for 12 months. Daily FB messages address diet and PA behaviors and a weekly FB message addresses self-weighing. We hypothesize that subjects assigned to SM + FB will show greater weight loss at 6 and 12 months and greater sustained engagement in the program than the SM group, measured by adherence to the study's lifestyle and SM protocol. We will explore temporal relationships of the frequency, timing, and type of FB delivered and subsequent lifestyle behaviors through examination of serially collected real-time SM (diet, PA, weight) data over 12 months. ConclusionsIf efficacious, this fully scalable intervention could be efficiently translated and disseminated to reach large numbers of individuals through commercial apps at lower cost than existing in-person weight loss programs.

The effect on new knowledge and reviewed knowledge caused by the positioning task in closed concept maps

The advancement of technology has made it possible for automated feedback to be added to learning activities such as the construction of concept maps. The addition of feedback allows learners to acquire new knowledge instead of only focusing on reviewed knowledge. The cognitive processes for acquiring new knowledge and reviewing knowledge are different, so the benefits of concept maps in past research may not apply to the acquisition of new knowledge. However, how concept map construction varies across these two aspects has not been investigated. This research starts this investigation by researching how the positioning task affects new knowledge and reviewed knowledge. The position task is the act of deciding and managing the position of the elements of the concept map. In this paper, we study the differences in new knowledge and reviewed knowledge across two closed concept map interfaces by comparing test answers. One interface, Kit-build, includes the positioning task. The other interface, Airmap, does not include it. Results suggest that the interfaces only differ in retained reviewed knowledge, having similar performance in immediate new knowledge, immediate reviewed knowledge, and retained new knowledge. Results have potential implications for the general presence of the positioning task in learning interfaces.

The effect of photoionizing feedback on star formation in isolated and colliding clouds

Abstract We investigate star formation occurring in idealized giant molecular clouds, comparing structures that evolve in isolation versus those undergoing a collision. Two different collision speeds are investigated and the impact of photoionizing radiation from the stars is determined. We find that a colliding system leads to more massive star formation both with and without the addition of feedback, raising overall star formation efficiencies (SFE) by a factor of 10 and steepening the high-mass end of the stellar mass function. This rise in SFE is due to increased turbulent compression during the cloud collision. While feedback can both promote and hinder star formation in an isolated system, it increases the SFE by approximately 1.5 times in the colliding case when the thermal speed of the resulting H ii regions matches the shock propagation speed in the collision.

Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters: X-ray scaling relations and their evolution

We analyse cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters to study the X-ray scaling relations between total masses and observable quantities such as X-ray luminosity, gas mass, X-ray temperature, and $Y_{X}$. Three sets of simulations are performed with an improved version of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics GADGET-3 code. These consider the following: non-radiative gas, star formation and stellar feedback, and the addition of feedback by active galactic nuclei (AGN). We select clusters with $M_{500} > 10^{14} M_{\odot} E(z)^{-1}$, mimicking the typical selection of Sunyaev-Zeldovich samples. This permits to have a mass range large enough to enable robust fitting of the relations even at $z \sim 2$. The results of the analysis show a general agreement with observations. The values of the slope of the mass-gas mass and mass-temperature relations at $z=2$ are 10 per cent lower with respect to $z=0$ due to the applied mass selection, in the former case, and to the effect of early merger in the latter. We investigate the impact of the slope variation on the study of the evolution of the normalization. We conclude that cosmological studies through scaling relations should be limited to the redshift range $z=0-1$, where we find that the slope, the scatter, and the covariance matrix of the relations are stable. The scaling between mass and $Y_X$ is confirmed to be the most robust relation, being almost independent of the gas physics. At higher redshifts, the scaling relations are sensitive to the inclusion of AGNs which influences low-mass systems. The detailed study of these objects will be crucial to evaluate the AGN effect on the ICM.

Negative feedback, linearity and parameter invariance in linear electronics

Negative feedback is a powerful approach capable of improving several aspects of a system. In linear electronics, it has been critical for allowing device invariance. Negative feedback is also known to enhance linearity in amplification, which is one of the most important foundations of linear electronics. At the same time, thousands of transistors types have been made available, suggesting that these devices, in addition to their assumed variability of parameters, have distinguishing properties. The current work reports a systematic approach to quantifying the potential of negative feedback, with respect to bipolar transistors, as a means of providing device invariance and linearity. Several approaches, including concepts and methods from signal processing, multivariate statistics and complex systems, are applied at the theoretical as well as experimental levels, and a number of interesting results are obtained. For instance, it has been verified that transistor types have well-defined characteristics which clearly segregate them into groups. The addition of feedback at moderate and intense levels promoted uniformization of the properties of these transistors when used in a class A common emitter configuration. However, such effect occurred with different efficiencies regarding the considered device features, and even intense feedback was unable to completely eliminate device dependence. This indicates that it would be interesting to consider the device properties in linear design even when negative feedback is applied. We also verified that the linearization induced in the considered experiments is relatively modest, with effects that depend on type of transfer function of the original devices.

COMPARING SIMULATIONS OF AGN FEEDBACK

ABSTRACT We perform adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) cosmological zoom simulations of a region around a forming galaxy cluster, comparing the ability of the methods to handle successively more complex baryonic physics. In the simplest, non-radiative case, the two methods are in good agreement with each other, but the SPH simulations generate central cores with slightly lower entropies and virial shocks at slightly larger radii, consistent with what has been seen in previous studies. The inclusion of radiative cooling, star formation, and stellar feedback leads to much larger differences between the two methods. Most dramatically, at rapid cooling in the AMR case moves the accretion shock to well within the virial radius, while this shock remains near the virial radius in the SPH case, due to excess heating, coupled with poorer capturing of the shock width. On the other hand, the addition of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to the simulations results in much better agreement between the methods. For our AGN model, both simulations display halo gas entropies of 100 keV cm2, similar decrements in the star formation rate, and a drop in the halo baryon content of roughly 30%. This is consistent with the AGN growth being self-regulated, regardless of the numerical method. However, the simulations with AGN feedback continue to differ in aspects that are not self-regulated, such that in SPH a larger volume of gas is impacted by feedback, and the cluster still has a lower entropy central core.

Orbital single particle tracking on a commercial confocal microscope using piezoelectric stage feedback

Single Particle Tracking (SPT) is a technique used to locate fluorescent particles with nanometer precision. In the orbital tracking method the position of a particle is obtained analyzing the distribution of intensity along a circular orbit scanned around the particle. In combination with an active feedback this method allows tracking of particles in 2D and 3D with millisecond temporal resolution. Here we describe a SPT setup based on a feedback approach implemented with minimal modification of a commercially available confocal laser scanning microscope, the Zeiss LSM 510, in combination with an external piezoelectric stage scanner. The commercial microscope offers the advantage of a user-friendly software interface and pre-calibrated hardware components. The use of an external piezo-scanner allows the addition of feedback into the system but also represents a limitation in terms of its mechanical response. We describe in detail this implementation of the orbital tracking method and discuss advantages and limitations. As an example of application to live cell experiments we perform the 3D tracking of acidic vesicles in live polarized epithelial cells.

Evaluation of the observer effect on compliance training in adolescents with autism

Three mothers conducted behavioral observations of video clips of a mother conducting compliance training to varying degrees of accuracy. Subsequently, two mothers correctly conducted compliance training and their children emitted compliant behavior. Upon addition of feedback, the third mother correctly implemented compliance training and her child also emitted complaint behavior. Conducting behavioral observations may be a viable and efficient option for training parents to conduct compliance training and, if ineffective, can be supplemented by feedback.

Quiet Eye Training in a Visuomotor Control Task

Several researchers have reported the importance of maintaining a longer final fixation on the target (termed the quiet eye period, QE) before performing an aiming task. We present an innovative, perceptual training intervention intended to improve the efficiency of gaze behavior (i.e., QE) in shotgun shooting. A sample of 20 international-level skeet shooters were assigned equally to one of two ability-matched groups based on their pretest shooting scores. A perceptual training group participated in a four-step preshot routine alongside three video feedback sessions involving their own gaze behaviors and those of an expert model in an effort to positively influence QE behaviors. A control group received video feedback of performance but without the addition of feedback on QE behaviors. Participants completed pretests and posttests along with an 8-wk training intervention. Subjects of the perceptual training group significantly increased their mean QE duration (397 vs 423 ms), used an earlier onset of QE (257 vs 244 ms), and recorded higher shooting accuracy scores (62 vs 70%) from pretest to posttest. Participants in the perceptual training group significantly reduced gun barrel displacement and absolute peak velocity on the posttest compared with the pretest, although neither variable was overtly trained. A transfer test based on performance during competition indicated that perceptual training significantly improved shooting accuracy from before to after the intervention. No pretest to posttest differences were observed for the control group on the measures reported. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of QE training in improving shooting accuracy and developing a more efficient visuomotor control strategy.The findings have implications for future research on training visuomotor behaviors, attention, and gaze orientation during the performance of aiming tasks.

Auditory training: Stimulus exposure, task execution, and response feedback affect the neural detection of sound.

The P1‐N1‐P2 cortical auditory evoked potential (AEP) has been used to study the effects of training‐related plasticity in the human central auditory system. One consistent finding is that enhanced P2 amplitudes coincide with improved perception. A typical interpretation of this result is that auditory training alters the physiological representation of the cue being trained. However, it is also possible that changes in P2 amplitude reflect other processes that are associated with, but not specific to, the improved representation of the trained cue itself. Here we isolated different components of auditory training by examining the effects of stimulus exposure, behavioral task execution, as well as task‐ plus‐feedback on the AEPs of 30 normal‐hearing young adults. For each group, AEP responses were passively obtained in response to two speech syllables differing in voice‐onset‐time, on three separate days. The first two sessions were on consecutive days and the third session occurred 1 week later. Results suggest that mere stimulus exposure alters the way sound is represented in the human auditory system, but the magnitude of P2 amplitude change is significantly greater when participants interact with the stimuli while executing a task. This point is especially true with the addition of feedback. [Work supported by NIH NIDCD Grant No. R01DC007705.]

Mailed prescriber feedback in addition to a clinical guideline has no impact: a randomised, controlled trial

Scand J Prim Health Sci 2002;20:000-000. ISSN 0281-3432 Objective - To evaluate the impact of feedback on the prescribing of antibiotics supplementary to clinical guidelines in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Design - Randomised, controlled trial with GPs allocated to one of two groups. The first group received clinical guidelines on the treatment of respiratory tract infections plus postal feedback with aggregated data on their prescribing patterns for antibiotics. The second group served as controls for the first group and received the guidelines only. Setting - 299 GPs representing 181 practices with 455 843 listed patients in the County of Funen, Denmark. Main outcome measures - Effects on GP prescribing patterns were measured by means of a prescription database and followed for a period of 2 years with 2 outcome measures: 1) the antibiotic prescription rate and 2) the fraction of prescriptions for narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Results - The addition of feedback had no impact on GP prescribing patterns. Conclusion - Postal disseminated prescriber feedback in addition to a clinical guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections does not influence GP prescribing patterns. Interventions aimed at improving performance in general practice should go beyond just giving GPs information on whether they are living up to standards.

A method of shortening metastable operation duration time by the use of feedback

AbstractIf metastable operation (MS operation) occurs in conflict‐resolving circuits, propagation delay time of flip‐flop (FF) increases by the amount of its duration time and a malfunction may occur. This paper proposes a method of shortening duration time of MS operation that occurs when two inputs of RSFF consisting of CMOS NAND gates are switched from logic 0 to 1 approximately at the same instant. The MS operation is detected and fed back to inputs so that it is forced to terminate. A configuration of RSFF that has feedback based on this idea is first presented, and then a principle of shortening MS operation duration time follows. Then, considering implementation of RSFF by n‐well process, feedback connection and MOSFET parameters are optimized. Although hardware increases slightly by addition of feedback, the result shows the MS operation duration time increase rate against input phase difference (switching time difference of two inputs of RSFF), and the range of input phase difference for MS operation incidence are reduced by approximately 1/4 and 1/3, respectively, compared with conventional methods.

A High Initial Response Brushless Excitation System

A high initial response excitation system retaining the advantages of the absence of commutators, collectors and brushes while responding with the speed of an electronic exciter has been developed. Calculated performance of this system has been firmed by factory tests. With the exciter loaded, the excitation system achieved 95% of ceiling voltage in 0.016 seconds following a 10% step change in the voltage regulator sensing signal. In addition to the high initial response capability, the excitation system also includes supplementary feedback control for improving the small signal dynamic performance characteristic of the exciter. With the addition of feedback, the effective exciter time constant is reduced by a factor of thirty compared to its value without feedback. The tests confirm that low time constants and high initial response can readily be attained in an excitation system which includes a brushless exciter with non-controlled rectifiers.