Addition Of Dy2O3 Research Articles

Improved flux pinning properties of Mg exceed MgB2 ceramics with B4C and Dy2O3 additions

In this study, MgB2 polycrystals were synthesized via the addition of B4C and Dy2O3. X-ray diffraction confirmed that MgB2 was the predominant phase in all the samples. The superconducting properties of the samples were characterized by in-field temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetization measurements. The upper critical field (Hc2) and the critical current density (Jc) of each sample were estimated. The results indicate significant enhancements in Hc2 and Jc with the optimal addition levels of B4C and Dy2O3. According to collective pinning theory, δl pinning was identified as the dominant pinning type in the fabricated samples. The dominant pinning mechanism was determined to be core surface pinning induced by grain boundaries, which is consistent with predictions made by the Dew–Hughes model.

Dysprosium-enriched polymer nanocomposites: Assessing radiation shielding and optical properties

This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of the radiation shielding, optical properties, and structural makeup of polymer composites that contain Dy2O3 additions. XRD-pattern investigates the effect of loading Dy2O3 content on PS, with the average crystallite size of Dy2O3 decreases from 39 nm to 30 nm as Dy2O3 increases from 2.5 to 7.5 wt% in the PS matrix. The optical properties of the nanocomposites showed that with the increase in the Dy2O3 content, the transmittance, as well as the direct and indirect band gap, decreased. The EgIndirect bandgap decreased from 3.1 to 2.75 eV with a Dy2O3 increase from 0 to 7.5 wt%, while the Egdirect Bandgap reduced from 4.6 to 4.35 eV. While the Urbach energy Eu and the refractive index increase, Eu rises from 0.48 to 0.60 e V, and n improves from 1.4 to 1.78 from 0 to 7.5 wt%. In order to conduct an accurate analysis of the gamma-ray attenuation capabilities of the selected new polymer composites, these composites were manufactured with varying proportions of the additive components. With the assistance of a Na(Tl) detector, experimental assessments were carried out on the gamma rays throughout a broad spectrum of photon energies, ranging from 81 keV up to 1416 keV. The sample encased in PS/Dy7.5 demonstrates excellent radiation attenuation, and it is important to note that this novel polymer shielding material does not include any hazardous components.

Thermal, and radiation shielding properties of SrO–B2O3–TeO2–ZnO–Bi2O3 glasses doped with Dy2O3

The newly proposed materials demonstrated outstanding and effective radiation shielding capabilities and promising mechanical properties. A series of (20-x) SrO-(73)B2O3-(5)TeO2-(1)ZnO-(1)Bi2O3 doped with x-Dy2O3 have been produced employing the traditional melt-quench process, with the concentration of Dy2O3 varying from 0.05 to 1.5 mol%. This research examined glass samples' structural stability, mechanical and thermal characteristics, and radiation shielding capabilities. All of the glasses were amorphous, as confirmed by the X-ray examination, and the glass with the label SBTZBD6 had the maximum density because of the higher Dy2O3 content. The insert of Dy2O3 into the glass composition increased density values from 2.94 to 3.04 g/cm3 for SBTZBD1 and SBTZBD6 and improved mechanical properties such as Poisson ratio and elastic moduli. The hardness Vickers showed the maximum value at 1095.7 HV corresponding to Dy2O3 1 mol%, indicating the influence of Dy2O3 addition on the mechanical properties. The ability of the generated samples to shield against several forms of radiation, such as alpha, proton, neutron, and gamma radiation, was examined using SRIM and Phy-X software. The lowest HVL is 0.009 cm for SBTZBD6 at 0.02 MeV, the highest HVL was observed at 15 MeV with a value equal to 7.066 cm for the same sample. Dy2O3 was used instead of SrO, significantly increasing the μ/ρ values and improving radiation shielding. However, it was discovered that fast neutron shielding experienced a reduction in energy loss per unit mass (mass stopping power) when SrO was replaced with Dy2O3. However, the substitution also reduced energy loss per unit mass for alpha and protons and fast neutron shielding. To sum up, this study's glass samples are highly recommended for ionizing radiation shielding.

Improved radiation shielding efficiency and optical properties of borate glass by incorporating dysprosium(III) oxide

The present investigation used the melt-quench method to produce four distinct glass systems using boron-Dy2O3 glass. The glass system consisting of B2O3, BaO, ZnO, and Li2O was augmented with Dysprosium(III) Oxide. A series of borate glasses with the chemical formula (62-x)B2O3-18BaO-10ZnO-10Li2O-xDy2O3 where x=0, 1, 2, 3 mol%. The experimental investigation of Dy2O3 as additives was conducted, with a specific emphasis on their optical characteristics. Also, the addition of Dy2O3 causes the intensity of absorption to increase. Moreover, because of changes in the glass network and modifier, the absorption edge moved to a higher wavelength as the concentration of Dy3+ ions increased, from 345.46 nm for Dy–0–367.48 nm for Dy–3. This study examined glasses with different compositions to evaluate their effectiveness in shielding γ-rays. The Phy-X/PDS and FULKA Code were utilised for this investigation. A comparison analysis was performed on the obtained results. The effective atomic number and other parameters, such as linear attenuation coefficient and half value layer, were calculated within the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The study revealed that the Dy-0 has the lowest linear attenuation coefficient compared to the other samples analysed. The glasses Dy-0 and Dy-3 showed half-values of 0.044 and 0.039 cm, respectively, when exposed to 0.05 MeV. The increase in effective atomic number was attributed to a higher quantity of electrons that are accessible for photon interaction. This, in turn, resulted in a reduced probability of γ-ray passage through the shielding material. According to the findings of the gamma radiation shielding experiment, the sample that had the largest amount of Dy2O3 exhibited the most effective shielding qualities, making it an excellent candidate for use in radiation shielding applications.

Effect of mixed rare earth cations on structure, optical, mechanical and radiation shielding parameters of Na2O–B2O3 glass

The value of rare earth-containing glasses continues to increase, resulting in a higher cost for producing such glasses. The reduction in rare earth content reduces the cost of the production process. Investigating whether it is possible to prepare glasses with low rare earth (such as Dy and Sm) contents is valuable. In this work, the impacts of Dy2O3/ Sm2O3 substitutions on borate glass's structural, optical, and mechanical features were investigated. The optical studies reflected the structural modifications. For example, Urbach tail increased from 0.39 to 0.69 eV with further Dy2O3/ Sm2O3 substitutions. This increasing behavior refers to a less stable glass matrix. This outcome was substantiated by the diminished values of all elastic parameters in the current glasses upon additional Dy2O3/ Sm2O3 substitutions. Nonlinear optical parameters were examined across various wavelengths and compositions, revealing negligible variations within the visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spans. However, a notable decrease was observed in the UV region, exhibiting a rapid decline with increasing substitutions. Furthermore, induced defects within the internal structure of the glassy network, notably non-bridging oxygens with additional Dy2O3/ Sm2O3 substitution, resulted in heightened nonlinear optical parameters. Simultaneously, all elasticity moduli decreased with further Dy2O3 additions in the current glassy system, attributed to increased disorder caused by defect production, dangling bonds, and non-bridging oxygens in the glassy matrix.In addition, the half-value layers of all glass samples were compared to those of typical and widely used shielding materials. Through this analysis, certain glass samples demonstrated superior qualities compared to conventional shielding materials. Notably, the glass sample with the highest Sm2O3 level (and correspondingly the lowest Dy2O3 value) exhibited particularly favorable attributes. Consequently, our glass samples show potential as effective shields in nuclear radiation environments.

Structural Investigation and Optical Properties of Dysprosium (Dy3+) Ions Doped Oxyfluoro Antimony Borate Glasses for Photonics Applications.

Dysprosium oxide-doped glasses with a composition of 60B2O3-10Sb2O3-10Al2O3-10NaF-(10-x) LiF-xDy2O3 (x = 0.1,0.5, 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 mol%) were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching technique. The glasses were characterized through various analytical investigations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, refractive index, density, optical absorption, excitation, photoluminescence (PL) studies, decay measurements and radiation shielding parameters. The XRD and FT-IR confirms the glassy nature and functional groups present in the titled glass. The absorption spectra were used to determine the oscillator strength of the Dy3+ absorption transitions as well as the bond created with the O-2 ion in the titled glass network. The degree of the suitability of developed glasses for lasing applications was demonstrated by radiative parameters determined using Judd-Ofelt theory. In the prepared glass samples, the optical bandgap measurements indicate the presence of non-bridging oxygen (NBOs), localization of charges and donor centers in the titled glasses. Due to the de-excitation of 4F9/2 to the corresponding 6H15/2,6H13/2 and 6H11/2 states, the PL emission spectrum shows two main strong emissions at blue(480nm), yellow (575nm) and one less emission at red (663nm). The CIE coordinates determined using PL emission spectra reveal the coordinates that are falling within the white light region. Various shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, effective atomic number were estimated to understand the radiative shielding nature of the titled glasses. Within the addition of Dy2O3, it was found that the shielding parameters values of the titled glass samples are increasing. The Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Half Value Layer and Mean Free Path of the as prepared glasses has been compared with different types of concretes to understand the shielding effectiveness of prepared glass.

Effect of replacing B2O3 with Dy2O3 on the structural, physical, and radiation shielding properties of sodium boroaluminate glass

AbstractIn this work, some transparent aluminum sodium borate-based glasses containing Dy2O3 have been prepared using the melt quenching method. The incorporation of Dy3+ ions in the glass network leads to increase and decrease the density and molar volume, respectively. The structural properties are investigated by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. It is revealed that addition of Dy2O3 causes a conversion of boron coordination from BO4 to BO3, which indicates the increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen. Therefore, the optical band gap is found to decrease as the Dy3+ ions content increases. The temperature dependences of dielectric constant and AC conductivity are studied at different frequencies. The electric conductivity and dielectric parameters decrease with increasing Dy3+ content due to the decrease in Na+ ions mobility due to the blocking effect of Dy3+ cations in the glass network. The shielding factors have been evaluated for the prepared glasses with the help of Phy-X program. The maximum linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is found at 0.284 MeV and varied between 0.125 and 0.140 cm−1. The results revealed that the incorporation of Dy2O3 into the glasses has a substantial effect on the Zeff.. The value of the Zeff for the D1 sample, which does not include any Dy2O3, stays relatively the same, ranging around 7.51. We found that the rate of reduction in Zeff was significantly high when the energy of the photons is smaller than 0.826 MeV. From the Zeff data, we found that the addition of Dy2O3 to the glasses improves both their capacity to absorb and their capability to scatter ionizing radiation.

Mechanism of enhanced critical fields and critical current densities of MgB2 wires with C/Dy2O3 co-additions.

A series of monofilamentary powder-in-tube MgB2 wires were fabricated with 2 mol. % C doping and co-additions of 0-3 wt. % Dy2O3. Irreversibility fields (μ 0 Hirr ), upper critical fields (μ 0 Hc 2), and transport critical currents were measured, and from these quantities, anisotropies and electronic diffusivities were estimated. The addition of 1 wt. % Dy2O3 to already optimally C-doped MgB2 wires produced higher Hc 2//ab , Hc 2//c , and Hirr values at 4.2 K. In addition, the critical current density, Jc , increased with Dy2O3 concentration up to 1 wt. % where non-barrier Jc reached 4.35 × 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 10 T. At higher temperatures, for example, 20 K and 5 T, co-additions of 2 mol. % C and 2 wt. % Dy2O3 improved non-barrier Jc by 40% and 93% compared to 2 and 3 mol. % C doping, respectively. On the other hand, measurements of Tc showed that C/Dy2O3 co-additions increase interband scattering rates at a lower rate than C doping does (assuming C doping levels giving similar levels of low-T μ 0 Hc 2 increase as co-addition). Comparisons to a two-band model for μ 0 Hc 2 in MgB2 allowed us to conclude that the increases in Hc 2//ab , Hc 2//c , and Hirr (as well as concomitant increases in high-field Jc ) with Dy2O3 addition are consistent with increases primarily in intraband scattering. This suggests C/Dy2O3 co-addition to be a more promising candidate for improving non-barrier Jc of MgB2 at temperatures above 20 K.

Synthesis and characterization of B2O3–Bi2O3–SrO–Al2O3–PbO–Dy2O3 glass system: The role of Bi2O3/ Dy2O3 on the optical, structural, and radiation absorption parameters

In the present study, a number of glass samples with the chemical signature: 70B2O3+(10-x)Bi2O3+5SrO+10Al2O3+5PbO+xDy2O3 were prepared and investigated for their structural, physical, optical, and radiation (gamma rays and fast neutron absorption) properties. The optical absorption data was used to measure the optical bandgap and Judd-Ofelt parameters. Based on photoluminescence decay spectral features stimulated emission cross-section and quantum efficiency were measured. The mass attenuation coefficient and the effective atomic number of the glass samples were observed to increase with the addition of Dy2O3. The addition of Dy2O3 also played a positive role in the charged particles absorption capacity of the glasses. In addition, the fast neutron removal cross-section of the glass samples increased from 0.0669 to 0.0713 cm−1 as molar concentration of Dy2O3 was increased from 0.1 to2.5 mol%. The synthesized glasses showed key characteristics that made them attractive for optical as well as radiation protection applications.

Surface hardness, thermal, optical, and photon attenuation coefficients assessment for dysprosium-doped tellurite glasses

Using a melt-cooling process with the host glass, Dy2O3 (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 4 wt%) doped tellurite glasses were produced. A (65–x)TeO2–20B2O3–10Al2O3–5GeO2–xDy2O3 glass system was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The patterns have a hump at 2θ = 27°–29° and no sharp peaks, indicating that all the glass samples are amorphous. The Vickers microhardness determines how resistant a glass is to persistent deformation produced by a harder substance. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 300–550 °C was used to evaluate the thermal properties of the Dyx glass samples. The glass transition temperature Tg (small endothermic peak), start crystallization temperature Tx and crystallization temperature Tc can all be seen on the DSC thermogram (exothermic peaks). The UV–Vis transmittance and absorption spectra were measured. The optical data show that the values of Egdir, EgInd and EU decrease as the amount of Dy2O3 increases, indicating a narrowing of the tails due to localized states in the forbidden gap. A concentration quenching event occurs when Dy3+ concentrations are above a certain threshold (1%). The addition of Dy2O3 increases glass density, while the addition of other Dy(III) oxides increases sample density. The radiation shielding values change as a consequence of density fluctuation. The sample with the highest amount of Dy2O3 (Dy4) has stronger radiation shielding characteristics; hence, it is superior in terms of shielding outcomes at all energy levels. Such Dyx samples can be used in various forms of ionizing radiation shielding.

Impact of Al2O3 and Dy2O3 Substitution on the Physical, Structural, and Radiation Shielding Properties of Li2O-B2O3 Glass System

A new series of lithium-borate glass systems (23Li2O-72B2O3 in mol%) were synthesized with the substitution of Al2O3 (5 mol.%) as a modifier and doped with 0.3 and 0.5 mol% of Dy2O3. Four series of glasses (S1, S2, S3 and S4) were synthesized via the conventional melt-quenching technique and characterized by using UV-Visible-NIR absorption spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The current investigation gives further insight on the structural and optical properties of the samples. The diffraction spectrum obtained from the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows no typical peaks in the glass system, which indicates its amorphous phase. The optical properties of Al3+ and Dy3+ ions were evaluated and found that there is a pivot effect for the addition of Al2O3 and Dy2O3 for the glass system. Notably, the sample S2 shows different behaviours for physical, structural, and optical properties compared with other prepared glass samples that can be attributed to the increment of Al2O3. Besides, the physical and ionizing shielding features were investigated for current glass samples. The radiation shielding properties were examined within the energy range of 0.015 until 15 MeV. The sample S4 has the optimum radiation shielding features as a result of the addition of Dy2O3. Hence, the composition attributes a new glass system that can be used in various applications such as radiation dosimeter and photon shielding materials.

Role of dysprosium on some acoustic and physical properties of PbO-B2O3-SiO2 glasses

PbO-B2O3-SiO2 glass systems with different contents of neodymium oxide Dy2O3 were prepared by the rapid-quenching technique. On Recorded FTIR, deconvoluted spectra were in the range of 400–2000 cm−1. Some parameters such as density and molar volume were established. Ultrasonic wave velocities (longitudinal and shear) and elastic moduli were also established. The results were interpreted as due to the role of Dy2O3. The raise of cross-link density and the number of bonds per unit volume causes the increase in the rigidity of glass and consequently increased the glass density. Increment of molar volume revealed that the addition of Dy2O3 resulted in an extension of the glass network. The Dy3+ ions caused the proportions of average bond lengths of Pb-O & B-O to diminish.

Enhanced higher temperature irreversibility field and critical current density in MgB2 wires with Dy2O3 additions

Bulk samples of magnesium diboride (MgB2) doped with 0.5 wt% of the rare earth oxides (REOs) Nd2O3 and Dy2O3 (named B-ND and B-DY) prepared by standard powder processing, and wires of MgB2 doped with 0.5 wt% Dy2O3 (named W-DY) prepared by a commercial powder-in-tube processing were studied. Investigations included x-ray diffractometry, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, magnetic measurement of superconducting transition temperature (T c), magnetic and resistive measurements of upper critical field (B c2) and irreversibility field (B irr), as well as magnetic and transport measurements of critical current densities versus applied field (J cm(B) and J c(B), respectively). It was found that although the products of REO doping did not substitute into the MgB2 lattice, REO-based inclusions resided within grains and at grain boundaries. Curves of bulk pinning force density (F p) versus reduced field (b = B/B irr) showed that flux pinning was by predominantly by grain boundaries, not point defects. At all temperatures the F p(b) of W-DY experienced enhancement by inclusion-induced grain boundary refinement but at higher temperatures F p(b) was still further increased by a Dy2O3 additive-induced increase in B irr of about 1 T at all temperatures up to 20 K (and beyond). It is noted that Dy2O3 increases B irr and that it does so, not just at 4 K, but in the higher temperature regime. This important property, shared by a number of REOs and other oxides promises to extend the applications range of MgB2 conductors.

Heavy metal oxide glass responses for white light emission

Rare-earth-doped heavy metal oxide glasses (HMOG) have attracted much interest due to their wide range of applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. The current study focuses on the preparation of undoped and Dy2O3-doped heavy metal oxide glass that is mainly based on non-conventional glass formers PbO and Bi2O3 together with TeO2 and B2O3 glass forming oxides. The amorphous nature of the obtained glasses were confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The glasses were evaluated through optical absorption in ultraviolet–visible and near-infrared (UV–VIS–NIR) regions, photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and density measurements. The absorption spectra of undoped glass revealed a characteristic recorded peaks located in the UV and Near-Vis region while extended peaks in the visible and Near-IR region were detected after Dy2O3 additions. The luminescence spectra revealed a characteristic blue, yellow, and red emissions with a very weak emission in NIR region. The chromaticity coordinates (CIE) were evaluated from the emission spectra and revealed the suitability of HMOG for white light-emitting diode (LED) applications. The measured density and the calculated optical parameters (Eopt, ∆E, and n) were correlated with the rare-earth ion concentration. The structural building units of HMOG network were investigated via the FTIR technique. The characteristic vibrational modes of FTIR were observed due to the contribution of PbO4 and BiO6 as a forming building units besides BO4, BO3, and TeO3 units with no extended effect on the vibrational modes after the minor additions of Dy2O3.

Enhancement of critical current density for MgB2 prepared using carbon-encapsulated boron with co-addition of Dy2O3 and La2O3

In this work, magnesium diboride, MgB2 samples were prepared by using magnesium, Mg powder and carbon-encapsulated boron, B powder (1.35 wt% carbon) with addition of dysprosium oxide, Dy2O3 and lanthanum oxide, La2O3 as dopants. Different weight percentages with the ratio of x wt.% Dy2O3: x wt.% La2O3 were used where x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed MgB2 as the major phase for all the samples. Magnetization measurement showed a slight decrease of critical temperature, Tc from 38.1 K to 37.6 K with the co-addition of Dy2O3 and La2O3. Self-field critical current density, Jc at 20 K increased with the increasing of co-addition levels probably due to improved grain coupling. The highest self-field Jc obtained is 433 kA cm−2 with 1.00 wt% co-addition level. Field dependent Jc (≤4 T) at 20 K of the co-added samples is higher compared to that of the pure one. The present results show that a small amount of Dy2O3 and La2O3 co-addition into MgB2 is effective to enhance flux pinning and Jc.

Tribological Characteristics and Corrosion Resistance of Coatings Obtained by Electrospark Alloying, Pulsed Cathodic Arc Evaporation, and Hybrid Technology Using TiCNiCr and TiCNiCr–Dy2O3 Electrodes

Single- and double-layer coatings on 40Cr steel substrates have been obtained by electrospark alloying (ESA) and a combination of ESA technology and pulsed cathodic arc evaporation (PCAE) using TiCNiCr and TiCNiCr–Dy2O3 electrodes. The electrodes are obtained by powder metallurgy. The structure and elemental and phase composition of the electrodes and coatings are studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray phase analysis. The tribological properties of the coatings are determined as a result of tests according to the pin-on-disk scheme in contact with the Al2O3 counterbody at loads of 1, 5, and 10 N. The temperature during the tests is T = 20°C. The potential and current density of corrosion are determined using a three-electrode cell with a VoltaLab 50 potentiostat. The results show that the electrodes consist of TiC grains of 12 μm; a solid solution of Ni in Cr; and, in the case of a doped electrode, Dy2O3 up to 5 μm in size. ESA coatings have a low-defect fine-grained structure consisting of regions of a solid solution of Ni and Cr in Fe and titanium carbide grains with a maximum size of 0.3 μm. Coatings with the addition of Dy2O3 have a lower coefficient of friction at loads of 1, 5, and 10 N. All coatings in 1 N H2SO4 are in a stable passive state and have high corrosion resistance: the corrosion current density of the coatings is at least 4 times lower than the values obtained for a 40Cr steel substrate.

Study on surface tension of Dy-Cu intermediate alloy prepared using LiF-DyF3 molten salt system

In this paper, the surface tension data for LiF-DyF3-oxides and a Dy-Cu liquid mixture system over a wide range of compositions and temperatures are described in detail by experimental and theoretical calculations. Aqra's equation was used to predict the surface tension of pure DyF3 at a temperature above its melting point. Butler's model, and Santos and simplified Santos models were used to predict the surface tension and the relationship between surface phase and bulk phase composition with different components and temperatures of the LiF-DyF3 molten salt mixture and Dy-Cu binary alloy. The study investigated the suitable conditions, similarities and differences among Bus model, and Santos and simplified Santos models that were used to predict the surface tension and the relationship between the surface phase and bulk phase compositions. The surface tension of the LiF-DyF3-oxide system was measured via detachment method. The dissolution behavior of Dy2O3 and Cu2O in the LiF-DyF3 system was observed in a transparent cell at high temperature. The results show that the Santos and simplified Santos models can be used for predicting the surface tension of the LiF-DyF3 system, but not for predicting that of the Dy-Cu binary alloy. The dissolution rate and solubility of Dy2O3 are faster and better than those of Cu2O in the LiF-DyF3 system, which results in the surface tension being highly influenced by the addition of Dy2O3 into LiF-DyF3 mixture molten salts.

Erratum to: Electrical conductivity of molten LiF−DyF3−Dy2O3−Cu2O system for Dy−Cu intermediate alloy production

Dy–Cu intermediate alloys have shown substantial potential in the field of magnetostrictive and magnetic refrigerant materials. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the electrical conductivity of molten-salt systems for the preparation of Dy–Cu alloys and on optimizing the corresponding operating parameters. The electrical conductivity of molten LiF–DyF3–Dy2O3–Cu2O systems was measured from 910 to 1030°C using the continuously varying cell constant method. The dependencies of the LiF–DyF3–Dy2O3–Cu2O system conductivity on the melt composition and temperature were examined herein. The optimal operating conditions for Dy–Cu alloy production were determined via analyses of the electrical conductivity and activation energies for conductance, which were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The conductivity of the molten system regularly increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing concentration of Dy2O3 or Cu2O or both. The activation energy Eκ of the LiF–DyF3–Dy2O3 and LiF–DyF3–Cu2O molten-salt systems increases with increasing Dy2O3 or Cu2O content. The regression functions of conductance as a function of temperature (t) and the addition of Dy2O3 (W(Dy2O3)) and Cu2O (W(Cu2O)) can be expressed as κ = −2.08435 + 0.0068t − 0.18929W(Dy2O3) −0.07918W(Cu2O). The optimal electrolysis conditions for preparing the Dy–Cu alloy in LiF–DyF3–Dy2O3–Cu2O molten salt are determined to be 2.0wt% > W(Dy2O3) + W(Cu2O) > 3.0wt% and W(Dy2O3): W(Cu2O) = 1:2 at 970 to 1000 °C.

Impact of Dy2O3 nanoparticles additions on the properties of porous YBCO ceramics

In this work, we report the effects of dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) magnetic nanoparticles inclusion on superconducting characteristics and flux pinning of YB2Cu3O7−δ (for brevity YBCO) compound. Using the solid-state reaction route, series of YBa2Cu3O7−δ/(Dy2O3)x were produced by adding up to 0.5 wt% Dy2O3. The crystal structure, morphology, electrical and magnetic properties were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electrical resistivity and physical properties measurement system (PPMS), respectively. The orthorhombicity was preserved with Dy2O3 addition. The electrical resistivity dependence with the temperature (()) revealed the manifestation of superconducting transition in all prepared samples. By increasing x up to 0.2 wt%, an increase of critical current density $$\left( {J_{c} } \right)$$ was achieved. The flux pinning ability and the dominant pinning mechanisms in YBa2Cu3O7−δ/(Dy2O3)x composites were checked and discussed.

Z-scan study of nonlinear absorption in gold doped borosilicate glass: Effect of Dy3+

Nonlinearity is one of the most important optical properties widely used in opto-electronic devices. In this work, the optical nonlinearity of a series of Bismuth Borosilicate glasses is compared. The glasses prepared through conventional melt-quench technique comprises of Dy2O3, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and both Dy2O3 and GNPs. XRD is used to confirm the amorphous nature of the glass whereas FESEM is carried out to observe variation in morphology of GNPs with the addition of Dy2O3. Effect of Dy2O3 on particle size is recorded using HRTEM. DTA is carried out to observe the variation in thermal behaviour of the material. The highest value of nonlinear absorption coefficient (4.35 × 10−12 cmW−1) and third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of 8.68 × 10−9 esu are observed from Z-scan for the glass containing both Dy2O3 and GNPs. The results conclude that the addition of Dy2O3 enhances the nonlinearity of glass containing gold and thus has promising applications in optical devices.