Adaptive User Modeling Research Articles

Adaptive user modelling in car racing games using behavioural and physiological data

Personalised content adaptation has great potential to increase user engagement in video games. Procedural generation of user-tailored content increases the self-motivation of players as they immerse themselves in the virtual world. An adaptive user model is needed to capture the skills of the player and enable automatic game content altering algorithms to fit the individual user. We propose an adaptive user modelling approach using a combination of unobtrusive physiological data to identify strengths and weaknesses in user performance in car racing games. Our system creates user-tailored tracks to improve driving habits and user experience, and to keep engagement at high levels. The user modelling approach adopts concepts from the Trace Theory framework; it uses machine learning to extract features from the user’s physiological data and game-related actions, and cluster them into low level primitives. These primitives are transformed and evaluated into higher level abstractions such as experience, exploration and attention. These abstractions are subsequently used to provide track alteration decisions for the player. Collection of data and feedback from 52 users allowed us to associate key model variables and outcomes to user responses, and to verify that the model provides statistically significant decisions personalised to the individual player. Tailored game content variations between users in our experiments, as well as the correlations with user satisfaction demonstrate that our algorithm is able to automatically incorporate user feedback in subsequent procedural content generation.

Adaptive Generation in Dialogue Systems Using Dynamic User Modeling

We address the problem of dynamically modeling and adapting to unknown users in resource-scarce domains in the context of interactive spoken dialogue systems. As an example, we show how a system can learn to choose referring expressions to refer to domain entities for users with different levels of domain expertise, and whose domain knowledge is initially unknown to the system. We approach this problem using a three step process: collecting data using a Wizard-of-Oz method, building simulated users, and learning to model and adapt to users using Reinforcement Learning techniques.We show that by using only a small corpus of non-adaptive dialogues and user knowledge profiles it is possible to learn an adaptive user modeling policy using a sense-predict-adapt approach. Our evaluation results show that the learned user modeling and adaptation strategies performed better in terms of adaptation than some simple hand-coded baseline policies, with both simulated and real users. With real users, the learned policy produced around a 20% increase in adaptation in comparison to an adaptive hand-coded baseline. We also show that adaptation to users' domain knowledge results in improving task success (99.47% for the learned policy vs. 84.7% for a hand-coded baseline) and reducing dialogue time of the conversation (11% relative difference). We also compared the learned policy to a variety of carefully hand-crafted adaptive policies that employ the user knowledge profiles to adapt their choices of referring expressions throughout a conversation. We show that the learned policy generalises better to unseen user profiles than these hand-coded policies, while having comparable performance on known user profiles.We discuss the overall advantages of this method and how it can be extended to other levels of adaptation such as content selection and dialogue management, and to other domains where adapting to users' domain knowledge is useful, such as travel and healthcare.

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BASED ON ADAPTIVE USER MODELING AND GROUPING

In this study, we suggest the mobile business intelligence service based on adaptive recognition of user intention and usage patterns. This service is named as InSciTe adaptive and based on text mining and semantic web technologies. This service supports not only technology-focusing analysis and prediction but also adaptive recognition about user’s intention by semi-automatic user modeling process. By the adaptive user modeling, this service can provide more suitable service flow and more proper analysis results based on user’s intention.

User-centered innovative technology analysis and prediction application in mobile environment

Business intelligence is a critical in defining the strategy and roadmap of organizations. However, business intelligence covers too much wide coverage to consider all of fields such as data analytics, text mining, predictive analytics, and so on. Among these fields, the most important is information analysis and prediction. Therefore, we suggest a business intelligence application based on the adaptive recognition of user intention and usage patterns in the mobile environment. This application is named InSciTe Adaptive and is based on text mining and semantic web technologies. It supports technology-focused analysis and predictions, such as technology trends analysis, element technology analysis, and convergence technology discovery, as well as adaptive recognition of the user's intention by using semi-automatic user modeling processes. Through adaptive user modeling, this application can provide a more dynamic service flow and more up-to-date analysis results based on the user's intention, compared to existing applications, which provide static analysis results and service flow.

Using interest and transition models to predict visitor locations in museums

Museums offer vast amounts of information, but a visitor's receptivity and time are typically limited, providing the visitor with the challenge of selecting the (subjectively) interesting exhibits to view within the available time. Mobile, electronic handheld guides offer the opportunity to improve a visitor's experience by recommending exhibits of interest, and adapting the delivered content. The first step in this personalisation process is the prediction of a visitor's activities and interests. In this paper we study non-intrusive, adaptive user modelling techniques that take into account the physical constraints of the exhibition layout. We present two collaborative models for predicting a visitor's next locations in a museum, and an ensemble model that combines the predictions of these models. The three models were trained and tested on a small dataset of museum visits. Our results are encouraging, with the ensemble model yielding the best performance overall.

Adaptive user modelling in intelligent telephone and email assistants

With the burgeoning complexity and capabilities of modern information appliances and services, user modelling is becoming an increasingly important research area. Simple user profiles already personalise many software products and consumer goods such as digital TV recorders and mobile phones. A user model should be easy to initialise, and it must adapt in the light of interaction with the user. In many cases, a large amount of training data is needed to generate a user model, and adaptation is equivalent to retraining the system. This paper briefly outlines the user modelling problem and work done at BTexact on an intelligent personal assistant (IPA) which incorporates a user profile. We go on to describe FILUM, a more flexible method of user modelling, and show its application to the telephone assistant and email assistant components of the IPA, with tests to illustrate its usefulness.