Adaptive Subsystem Research Articles

S12-5 Physical activity trends among second-level Active School Flag programme 2019-2021

Abstract Purpose Schools in the second level Active School Flag (ASF) programme are required to carry out a whole school survey to capture the student voice within the programme. Data from these surveys can be used to measure changes in physical activity behaviours at the school level. This presentation outlines the changes in physical activity levels over a three-year period from students in ASF schools. Methods From five schools involved in the ASF programme from 2019 to 2021, students reported frequencies of 60 minutes of aerobic physical activity, muscle strengthening, and active transport. Students were grouped into inactive (0-2 days), somewhat active (3-4 days), active (5-6 days) and daily active (7 days), as well as meeting muscle strengthening guidelines (3+ days/week) and not meeting (0 – 2 days). Furthermore, only students who lived within 5km of their school were included in the active transport analyses, where active transport was a combination of walking and cycling. Contingency tables were produced, and logistic regressions were used to analyse changes between 2019 (reference), 2020 (COVID-19 lockdown), and 2021, with age as confounders and stratified by gender. Results There was an 80% response rate across the five schools. Of the 7646 students (male 33%, female 65%, other 2%), minimal changes in ‘daily active’ students were observed from 2019 (12%), 2020 (13%), to 2021 (12%), whereas ‘inactive’ students decreased from 25% in 2019 to 23% in both 2020 and 2021. Rates of meeting muscle-strengthening guidelines remained steady over the years for both males and females. Active transport increased from 55% in 2019 to 66% in 2021 for males and 50% in 2019, 63% in 2020, to 65% in 2021 for females. In addition to these overall trends, idiosyncratic analyses of the schools revealed different trends from being in the ASF programme. Conclusions There were high level of responses from the whole school survey. The ASF intervention contains adaptable components due to the complex adaptive sub-systems and may shed light on the differences in physical activity over time. Furthermore, COVID-19 restrictions may have affected the program-related results.

P-330 The immune cell population of the human fallopian tubes in health and benign pathology: a systematic review

Abstract Study question What is the immune cell profile of the human fallopian tube in health and in benign pathological conditions? Summary answer The fallopian tubes have a distinct population of immune cells from the innate and adaptive subsystems. Variations have been observed in several tubal pathologies. What is known already The fallopian tubes play a key role in fertility; up to 30% of infertility cases have been reported due to tubal pathologies, which have been neglected due to the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The fallopian tubes have been shown to harbour immune cell populations with the involvement of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system that provide surveillance against several pathogens. Therefore, characterisation of this population is vital in promoting a better understanding of tubal pathogenesis, and its influence on infertility, leading to improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of women. Study design, size, duration This systematic review was conducted on the 1st November 2021 and reported in accordance to PRISMA statement, and preceded by a prospectively written protocol registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021288257). CINAHL, EMBASE and EMCARE, Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for relevant published material. All studies that concerning the immune cells of human fallopian tubes in health or benign pathology of pre-menopausal, pregnant and/or post-menopausal women that published in English language were included. Participants/materials, setting, methods The predefined search strategy identified 3767 publications. Following screening, a total of 42 studies were included and data was extracted. The findings are thematically reported based on: (1) menopausal status and/or cycle phase; (2) pathophysiology; (3) immune cell types. A risk of bias assessment was performed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and a modified version for case studies. Main results and the role of chance T lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, represent the most abundant immune cell population within the healthy fallopian tube. B lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells have also been identified. The number of macrophages demonstrated a consistent and significant increase during the progesterone-dominant secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase. A similar distribution of lymphocytes was reported in tubal ectopic pregnancies to that in healthy tubes. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells were observed in tubal pregnancies with a significant increase in the number of CD56+ and CD3+ cells in cases of tubal rupture. Salpingitis, hydrosalpinx and endometriosis are all characterised by an increased population of macrophages in comparison to healthy fallopian tubes. Limitations, reasons for caution Some studies scored poorly on the NOS, suggesting their findings to be treated with caution. The deficiency in published research into common tubal pathologies and inconsistent findings presented between studies only allowed limited conclusions to be formulated regarding these immune cell populations. Wider implications of the findings Comprehensive knowledge of the immune cell profile of the human fallopian tubes will provide greater understanding into the pathophysiology of common tubal disorders, potentially leading to innovative treatments in the future. Trial registration number not applicable

Economic Analysis in the Management System of Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development for Entrepreneurial Structures

The article examines the methodology of economic analysis in the bioeconomy management system and sustainable development of business structures in the format of organizational and economic mechanism, which includes the following subsystems: performance-target, functional (general, and special), providing, adaptive subsystems and verification subsystem. The role and components of economic analysis are defined in these subsystems. In the context of the effective functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of business management, the methodology of management analysis as a comprehensive form of economic analysis is considered. The content basis of the complex economic analysis is outlined, its functions are defined: estimating, diagnostic and regulating. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment and analysis of the effectiveness of management decisions and organizational and economic mechanism of business management in general are formed.

Using a multi-stakeholder experience-based design process to co-develop the Creating Active Schools Framework

BackgroundUK and global policies recommend whole-school approaches to improve childrens’ inadequate physical activity (PA) levels. Yet, recent meta-analyses establish current interventions as ineffective due to suboptimal implementation rates and poor sustainability. To create effective interventions, which recognise schools as complex adaptive sub-systems, multi-stakeholder input is necessary. Further, to ensure ‘systems’ change, a framework is required that identifies all components of a whole-school PA approach. The study’s aim was to co-develop a whole-school PA framework using the double diamond design approach (DDDA).MethodologyFifty stakeholders engaged in a six-phase DDDA workshop undertaking tasks within same stakeholder (n = 9; UK researchers, public health specialists, active schools coordinators, headteachers, teachers, active partner schools specialists, national organisations, Sport England local delivery pilot representatives and international researchers) and mixed (n = 6) stakeholder groupings. Six draft frameworks were created before stakeholders voted for one ‘initial’ framework. Next, stakeholders reviewed the ‘initial’ framework, proposing modifications. Following the workshop, stakeholders voted on eight modifications using an online questionnaire.ResultsFollowing voting, the Creating Active Schools Framework (CAS) was designed. At the centre, ethos and practice drive school policy and vision, creating the physical and social environments in which five key stakeholder groups operate to deliver PA through seven opportunities both within and beyond school. At the top of the model, initial and in-service teacher training foster teachers’ capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) to deliver whole-school PA. National policy and organisations drive top-down initiatives that support or hinder whole-school PA.SummaryTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time practitioners, policymakers and researchers have co-designed a whole-school PA framework from initial conception. The novelty of CAS resides in identifying the multitude of interconnecting components of a whole-school adaptive sub-system; exposing the complexity required to create systems change. The framework can be used to shape future policy, research and practice to embed sustainable PA interventions within schools. To enact such change, CAS presents a potential paradigm shift, providing a map and method to guide future co-production by multiple experts of PA initiatives ‘with’ schools, while abandoning outdated traditional approaches of implementing interventions ‘on’ schools.

ICL-Based Adaptive Switching Control Strategy for Aircraft Following Change in System Dynamics

This paper investigates a switching control strategy for a fixed-wing flight vehicle subject to a dramatic change in dynamics. When a system-altering fault occurs, the vehicle switches from a fixed-gain, model-based controller to an adaptive control strategy that uses recorded data to identify the current system online. The adaptive controller employs a data-driven integral concurrent learning scheme to estimate the mass properties, as well as lift and drag coefficients online in an effort to match the faulted system as closely as possible with cataloged flight conditions. Stability is proven to be preserved even through failed attempts to switch from the adaptive controller back to a model-based controller, as long as the developed dwell-time and finite excitation conditions for the adaptive subsystem are satisfied.

Attenuated Immune Responses to the Annual Influenza A Vaccine in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Background The inflammatory process plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)and immune dysregulation has been well described in this population, who may display both impaired regulatory T cell and CD4/natural killer cell function (Barosi, 2014).This inherent immune incompetence means that infections such as Influenza A (H1N1) may cause significant morbidity, even mortality, for these patients and, in general, the seasonal influenza A vaccination is recommended in immunocompromised MPN patients. To date, knowledge concerning the protective efficacy of the vaccine in this cohort is limited (Ljungman, 2005; Rieger, 2018). The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with MPN mount an adequate protective immunological response to the Influenza A vaccine (2016) when compared with healthy controls. Mass cytometric analysis using a panel of 35 antibodies was employed to assess the immune response generated following Influenza A vaccination by interrogating both innate and adaptive immune cells. Methods and Results MPN patients were invited to receive the seasonal Influenza A vaccination as recommended by the WHO in October 2016. Vaccination was administered subcutaneously with inactivated influenza A vaccine (split viron) and peripheral blood samples were collected at both 3- weeks and 3- months post vaccination. A total of 19 patients and 2 HDs were enrolled. The median age of the MPN cohort was 50 years (range 30-78). As regards disease type, 8 patients had Essential Thrombocythaemia, 7 patients Polycythaemia vera and 4 patients Myelofibrosis, of this cohort, 5 were treatment naïve, 6 patients were treated with interferon, 4 with hydroxycarbamide and 4 with a JAK inhibitor. Deep immunophenotyping was performed using a focussed high-dimensional single-cell analysis with Mass Cytometry (CyTOF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from MPN patients 3 weeks post- (n=16), and matched 3 months' post-vaccine (n=17); and HDs 3 weeks post- (n=2), and 3 months' post-vaccination (n=2). PBMCs were stained with 35 metal-tagged antibodies and analysed using CyTOF. Automated dimension reduction method including viSNE to identify cell populations in combination with FlowSOM clustering were used. The identified cell clusters and the marker expression of each cluster of cells are summarised in figure 1. In MPN patients, an increase in abundances were identified at 3 months' post-vaccination, in a cluster of central memory (CM) CD4 T cells (p= 0.02); and Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) (p= 8.98 x 10-4). However, the majority of defined immune cell clusters showed no significant differences in either abundances or marker expression post-vaccination (Figure 1). In contrast, for the HDs, several immune cell clusters were expanded in response to vaccination, including NK cells,CM CD4 T cells,naïve CD8 T cells, and naïve CD4 T cells. In addition, the expression of defining markers were decreased in naïve and CM CD4+T cells (p= 9.16 x 10-3), ILCs (p= 0.02); and naïve and transitional B cells (p= 0.03) between these time points. Conclusions Cell mediated immunity plays a central role in defence against the influenza infection. Vaccine mediated protection is dependent upon innate and adaptive subsystems with both T helper and cytotoxic T cell responses demonstrated in healthy individuals (Guthrie, 2004).Our data suggests that while influenza vaccination can elicit some immune response in MPN, it is not as comprehensive as that generated in HDs and the overall resultant change in immune profile of MPN patients is minimal, both in abundances and change in expression of markers across immune cell clusters and throughout both time points measured. We would also expect to observe a switch from increased proliferation of naïve cell populations to a memory phenotype, providing evidence for an adequate memory type immune response to the vaccine, but this was not the case for the analysed MPN patients. It appears that although the immune systems of MPN patients were able to recognise the Influenza A vaccine, the response was not as comprehensive as the HDs. Given the relatively low numbers of patients we have tested it is not possible to identify a single treatment or disease subtype effect and indeed these findings may not relate to either factor. Further work is required to establish if this phenomenon is treatment related or driven by the underling immune dysregulation. Disclosures Dillon: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; TEVA: Consultancy, Honoraria. Radia:Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. De Lavallade:BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte biosciences: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Harrison:Incyte: Speakers Bureau; AOP: Honoraria; Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sierra Oncology: Honoraria; Promedior: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; CTI: Speakers Bureau; Shire: Speakers Bureau. Kordasti:Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Boston Biomed: Consultancy; API: Consultancy. McLornan:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria.

Leitura como um subsistema adaptativo complexo

Neste artigo a leitura é considerada como uma atividade cognitiva complexa com características de um subsistema que faz parte de um sistema dinâmico maior denominado linguagem. Nessa perspectiva, a leitura é vista como emergência complexa resultante da atuação de diversos fatores situados, tais como, intra e intersubjetivos, psicológicos, corpóreos, ecológicos, históricos, socioculturais, dentre outros, que interagem no fluxo do processo de compreensão leitora e construção de sentido. Apresentamos, assim, uma visão da leitura focalizando os conceitos e características da Teoria dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos (SAC), qual seja, os conceitos de sistema, subsistema, atratores, gatilhos e espaços-fase, procurando correlacioná-los ao processo de compreensão leitora. Detemo-nos, principalmente, em demonstrar os aspectos da leitura que o torna um subsistema adaptativo complexo e o fluxo dos atratores que direcionam as pistas textuais para determinado estado de preferência do sistema – estados-fase.

Parametric System Engineering Analysis of Capability-Based Small Satellite Missions

To achieve appropriate link budget and system engineering analyses of capability-based small satellites missions, an objective assessment and computation of the component-, subsystem-, and system-levels parameters requirements must be carried out. This paper presents the measurement-derived parametric models for the system engineering analysis of communication, meteorology, planetary, and other small satellite programs with recourse to the initial mission, conceptual design, and postmission objectives. Mass and power margins are the critical resources under investigation besides the link contingencies and operational times. The case study spacecraft systems engineering analyses indicate a transmit power for data transmission uplink and downlink of at least 33 dBm for the generic communication, meteorology, and planetary missions applications. The presented parametric models also reveal a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 16 dB per radio communication link for worst case noise floor and path loss. For a 30-W power utilization, a two-power communication-overpower mode mission operates for an extra 8.3 min compared with a three-power payload-overpower mode mission. This holds a great promise for the development of adaptive subsystems for reconfigurable multiband, and multistandard transponders for multipurpose missions and postmission applications.

Autonomous Adaptive Control System for Airplane Landing

AbstractThe paper presents a new autonomous adaptive system for the control of airplanes during landing in longitudinal plane. For the first stage of landing in longitudinal plane, the main variables to be controlled are the glide slope angle and longitudinal velocity; during the second main stage of landing in longitudinal plane, the vertical velocity error and the airplane's longitudinal velocity are controlled. The new robust control architecture has linear subsystems, for which the relative degrees are calculated; the new architecture will also consists of a dynamic compensator, a linear observer, and two reference models, their design being accomplished with respect to the calculated relative degrees. The signal estimated by the observer is useful for training a neural network – an adaptive subsystem of the architecture that provides the adaptive component of the control law. In the case of actuators having nonlinear dynamics, pseudo control hedging blocks are used to cancel the adapting difficulties of the neural networks. The new adaptive architecture is software implemented and validated by complex numerical simulations.

A Self-Structuring Impedance Matcher for In-Vehicle Digital Audio Broadcasting Applications

This paper proposes an adaptive impedance matching subsystem, called self-structuring impedance matcher (SSIM), for in-vehicle digital audio broadcasting (DAB) applications. The goal of the SSIM is to make antennas originally aiming at other vehicular applications, such as a digital television (DTV, 470–894 MHz) and an interphone car radio (136–174 MHz), operate in the targeted DAB frequency band (170–240 MHz), thereby lowering the startup cost of DAB devices. The SSIM consists of a template of a matching circuit, a microprocessor, and a receiving-type sensor. The template uses a nonuniform microstrip line interconnected with relay switches. To enhance the dynamic range and reduce the insertion loss for the template simultaneously, this work employs a new design technique based on solving the mathematical programming problem of matching requirements. The resultant matching domain covers a large area of the Smith chart, although only five switches are used. Experimental results show that the SSIM successfully adapts an interphone/DTV antenna into a DAB receiving mode. The operational bandwidth meets the DAB specification, and the transducer gain is larger than −1.83 dB.

The Precinct versus the Shopping Centre: Order, Complexity and Endogenous Dynamism in Suburbs and Towns

While complexity theory has become influential in the understanding, analysis and modelling of cities, it has been far less influential in planning and designing them. In complexity based analyses, cities are self-evidently complex adaptive systems, and this is a virtuous thing. A defining principle of complex adaptive systems is that they are scalar and hierarchical, i.e. global systems, such as cities, are formed by accumulations of other complex adaptive subsystems. This article argues that with the rise of the shopping centre and the decline of traditional precincts, the subsystems of the city, its regional, district and neighbourhood activity centres, have been increasingly organised by mechanical order rather than the self-organisation required of complexity. According to the principles of complexity theory, systems self-organised as complex adaptive systems will have greater mass and diversity, and be more resilient and stronger than systems organised via mechanical order. This article tested these principles by comparing activity centre mass and diversity between South Australian suburbs and towns. The research found that activity centres self-organised as complex adaptive systems do have greater mass and diversity than those organised via the mechanical order of the shopping centre.

The civic and neighbourhood commons as complex adaptive systems: The economic vitality of the centre

The metropolis can be understood as a complex adaptive system made up of complex adaptive subsystems that agglomerated to help create the city’s strength, resilience and dynamism. In particular, the accumulated strength and dynamism of the individual neighbourhoods that form and evolve its districts and the districts that form its regions have major impacts on the organisation and evolution of the metropolis. This article discusses the subsystems of the city, in particular its regional, district and neighbourhood transaction places or activity centres. While all metropolitan areas are complex adaptive systems, many urban subsystems constructed in the post–World War II period are not. They are instead chaotic or controlled by mechanical order. It will be argued that only the traditional ‘commons’ has the principles required of complex adaptive systems and that being such confers many benefits to the communities they serve.

Адаптивное позиционное управление подвижными объектами, не линеаризуемыми обратной связью

The topic of the article is the mobile objects' control, a model of which is presented by the equations of kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies and the specific features of control for maneuvers requiring pitch angles of 90 degrees or over. Such tasks may involve specific problems, which do not allow us to present the desired dynamics of the closed-loop system in the form of a linear equation, that is, the system cannot be linearized by a feedback. The problem is solved due to application of the adaptive control systems with a reference model. In the article a procedure is proposed for a synthesis of a basic position-trajectory control. Basic control for a reference model was designed on the base of the method of Lyapunov functions. Adaptation of the basic control is carried out by the proportional and integral algorithms. The article presents a block-diagram of the closed-loop system and proves the stability of the adaptive control system. It shows that in a linear approximation, a characteristic equation of the closed-loop system is a product of a characteristic equation of the reference model, the mobile object, and the adaptation subsystem. The authors also present the modeling results. The proposed approach can also be used for different nonlinear systems with peculiarities. For example, in the electrical drives the field control voltage ensures a nonzero nominal flux at the first stage. Then, the supply control voltage ensures a nominal shaft rotation speed or torque. This approach allows us to control the shaft rotation speed with a zero field control voltage.

Speaker Identification Using Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Voice Activity Detection Algorithm under Realistic Conditions

AbstractSpeaker recognition (SR) under mismatched conditions is a challenging task. Speech signal is nonlinear and nonstationary, and therefore, difficult to analyze under realistic conditions. Also, in real conditions, the nature of the noise present in speech data is not known a priori. In such cases, the performance of speaker identification (SI) or speaker verification (SV) degrades considerably under realistic conditions. Any SR system uses a voice activity detector (VAD) as the front-end subsystem of the whole system. The performance of most VADs deteriorates at the front end of the SR task or system under degraded conditions or in realistic conditions where noise plays a major role. Recently, speech data analysis and processing using Norden E. Huang’s empirical mode decomposition (EMD) combined with Hilbert transform, commonly referred to as Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), has become an emerging trend. EMD is an a posteriori, adaptive, data analysis tool used in time domain that is widely accepted by the research community. Recently, speech data analysis and speech data processing for speech recognition and SR tasks using EMD have been increasing. EMD-based VAD has become an important adaptive subsystem of the SR system that mostly mitigates the effect of mismatch between the training and the testing phase. Recently, we have developed a VAD algorithm using a zero-frequency filter-assisted peaking resonator (ZFFPR) and EMD. In this article, the efficacy of an EMD-based VAD algorithm is studied at the front end of a text-independent language-independent SI task for the speaker’s data collected in three languages at five different places, such as home, street, laboratory, college campus, and restaurant, under realistic conditions using EDIROL-R09 HR, a 24-bit wav/MP3 recorder. The performance of this proposed SI task is compared against the traditional energy-based VAD in terms of percentage identification rate. In both cases, widely accepted Mel frequency cepstral coefficients are computed by employing frame processing (20-ms frame size and 10-ms frame shift) from the extracted voiced speech regions using the respective VAD techniques from the realistic speech utterances, and are used as a feature vector for speaker modeling using popular Gaussian mixture models. The experimental results showed that the proposed SI task with the VAD algorithm using ZFFPR and EMD at its front end performs better than the SI task with short-term energy-based VAD when used at its front end, and is somewhat encouraging.

An Adaptive Subsystem Based Algorithm for Channel Equalization in a SIMO System

The principle of multiple input/output inversion theorem (MINT) has been employed for multi-channel equalization. In this work, we propose to partition a single-input multiple-output system into two subsystems. The equivalence between the deconvoluted signals of the two subsystems is termed as auto-relation and we subsequently exploit this relation as an additional constraint to the existing adaptive MINT algorithm. In addition, we provide analysis of the auto-relation constraint and show that this constraint confines the solution of equalization filters within a multi-dimensional space. We also explain through the use of convergence analysis why our proposed algorithm can achieve a higher rate of convergence compared to the existing MINT-based algorithms. Simulation results, using both synthetic and recorded channel impulse responses, show that our proposed auto-relation aided MINT algorithm can achieve a fast convergence compared to the existing MINT-based algorithms.

An Advanced Vehicle Night Driving Assistance System Based on the DaVinci Platform

The paper will mainly work for the establishment of advanced vehicle night driving assistance system based on the DaVinci™ platform., which including the adaptive front lighting subsystem, the infrared night vision lighting subsystems and the embedded processing platform. The implementation and system integration applications of the adaptive front lighting technology based on driving behavior and the infrared night vision technology are main research objects. Through intelligent auxiliary lighting and enhance vision, driver awareness at night and road safety are significantly improve.

Synchronisation control of two identical chaotic Liu systems with known and unknown parameters

Chaos synchronisation of two identical chaotic Liu systems with known and unknown parameters is studied. By designing non-linear controller and choosing appropriate design parameter, two identical Liu systems with known parameters realise exponential synchronisation. Single control signal is employed and no adaptive subsystems are involved. Based on the Lyapunov approach and Barbalat’s lemma, the asymptotic synchronisation of two identical Liu systems with unknown parameters is achieved via an adaptive synchronisation scheme. Only one system parameter is estimated and an adaptive parameter is introduced. Finally, numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Adaptive optics multispectral photoacoustic imaging

Photoacoustic imaging is an advanced medical imaging technology based on the effect of ultrasound generation by electromagnetic irradiation. However in photoacoustic imaging, because the optical property of tissue is always very complex, the aberration of light in tissue is ineluctable and the image spot is dispersed, which greatly influences the photoacoustic image resolution. For improving the lateral resolution of photoacoustic imaging, the adaptive optics multispectral photoacoustic imaging system is proposed in this paper. In this system an adaptive optics sub-system is designed to correct the wavefront errors of the illuminating light for obtaining high-resolution images of biological tissues. Moreover, the multispectral imaging is combined to obtain different wavelength photoacoustic images, which is useful for distinguishing organization accurate structure, identifying organizational components, etc. The simulation results demonstrate that when the wavefront errors are corrected by the adaptive optics system, the image resolution and quality are improved significantly. This research will be helpful for improving the ability and application of photoacoustic imaging.

A Service Discovery Approach Based on a Quantitative Similarity Measure for M-Tourism Platforms

This paper presents a localization architecture for an m-tourism services delivery platform. The aim of the system is to deliver services for nomads (e-tourists) according to their localization and according to the results given by the search engine. This engine is based on a quantitative similarity measure. The discovered services are presented via a Web Map Service. Moreover, the platform integrates an adaptation sub-system for heterogeneous environments and an e-negotiation module.

Non-Parametric Model of Magneto-Rheological (MR) Damper Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)

Magneto-rheological (MR) damper is a typical non-linear actuator. The nonlinear relationship between the input and the output of MR damper should be characterized accurately in order to produce a required control action supplied by MR damper. The challenges of the conventional parametric model are the time-consuming and the requirement of complex parameter identification for MR damper. In this paper, a non-parametric model of MR damper based on the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system theory is presented to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional parametric model. This non-parametric model is developed by means of two adaptive neural fuzzy sub-systems which are designed to describe the nonlinear relationship in MR damper successfully. One sub-system is used to characterize the dependence of the damping force on velocity and acceleration, the other sub-system is used to characterize the dependence of the damping force level on the control voltage. The proposed non-parametric model is identified by experimental results. Furthermore, the accuracy of the model is investigated and evaluated. The model supplies a key technical support to achieve excellent control performances for semi-active suspension systems with MR dampers in vehicle.