Adaptive Reuse Of Buildings Research Articles

Research on the protection of and renewal strategies for historic buildings in the ancient city of Liaocheng based on multisource data

ABSTRACT Historic buildings play an important role in studying the evolution of urban history. However, fast urbanisation has proposed challenges to maintaining its vitality. These challenges highlight the importance of identifying solutions for the revitalisation of historic buildings. Therefore, this paper aims to explore solutions for the revitalisation of historic buildings in the ancient city of Liaocheng. A comprehensive evaluation of the existing eight unused historic buildings was conducted using the building adaptive reuse potential method to determine the potential for renovation design and the priority of reuse. Simultaneously, the Reach value, core density, and correlation of supporting facilities within the ancient city were analysed based on GIS technology and urban network analysis tools. Based on the evaluation, strategies for functional transformation and optimisation of surrounding facilities are proposed to provide a reference plan for the sustainable development of historic buildings in the ancient city of Liaocheng.

A systematic literature review on risk identification towards a public-private partnership approach in building reuse projects

This paper aims to systematically review a wide range of literature to provide insights on the risk of public-private partnership (PPP) projects. The authors have critically reviewed the risk elements from the entire spectrum of the construction industry. Thus, the systematic literature review (SLR) method was employed to synthesise research with precise attention to detail. To achieve research objectives and to retrieve articles related to PPP and risk identification building adaptive reuse, the following database was utilised: Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Number of related themes were collected and analysed according to the coding structure. The results present that a total of twelve (12) risk categories have been identified from the existing literature, namely, political, economic, legal, natural, demand risk, financial, residual asset risk, design, construction, operation, partner selection, and contract risk, respectively. These categories were further divided into fifty-seven (57) different risk factors, whereby the classifications were perceived to be related to the PPP project. In addition, sixteen (16) risk factors were identified in the context of building adaptive reuse specifically, focusing on feasibility and procurement stages. Consequently, the present review recognised the knowledge gaps to offer a new perspective on risk identifications in the context of building adaptive reuse in Malaysia.

Adaptive reuse of buildings

The article aims to evaluate criteria that should be considered when deciding on the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. Reusing a building by means of renovation is in line with the concept of sustainability, as it makes it possible to extend the useful life of a building without incurring significant financial expenses. The concept is related to the theory of the circular economy, which maintains that by designing a system of closed-loop processes – in which waste from one process is used as raw material for another – the consumption of raw materials, the amount of waste and energy losses can be minimised. The article discusses criteria that local governments, municipalities, architects, and designers should consider when deciding whether to reuse a building. The criteria were classified as technical, economic, social, spatial and environmental. To achieve the main objective, we looked into the preferences of current and potential practitioners who might be involved in the adaptive reuse of buildings with regard to the criteria. The most significant criteria were validated using a survey method.

Seismic screening and structural investigation of heritage buildings for adaptive reuse: a survey study at Iloilo City, Philippines

Building adaptive reuse has been a popular strategy for cultural heritage conservation of structures for it serves two basic objectives of preserving heritage structures and promoting cultural heritage and tourism. Adaptive reuse is the adaptation of an old structure to allow the introduction of a modern function into the old structure. Old buildings are not demolished but recycled into modern uses. This strategy, however, needs a careful and thorough assessment of these existing heritage buildings to assure their resilience and sustainability to future hazards. Heritage buildings for adaptive reuse due to age and structural deterioration are highly vulnerable to hazards like earthquakes. Moreover, these buildings when used for commercial purposes may be subjected to additional loads due to changes in function. Considering the age of the structure, conformity to new design codes, additional loads imposed by unit modification, and the new function brought about by adaptive reuse of these structures, there is a need to assess these buildings to assure their safety and continuous use. Promoting adaptive reuse of heritage buildings and tourism is most appropriate in heritage zones like Calle Real in Iloilo City, the site for the case study. This paper presents a rapid seismic screening of buildings to prioritize a population of heritage buildings in a heritage zone for further detailed inspection. A site survey of the buildings was conducted at the heritage zone of Calle Real, Iloilo City in terms of their current use, and current condition to determine potential structural, maintenance, and functional issues related to resilience and to recommend future improvements in the implementation of adaptive reuse of heritage structures in cities and towns to assure their sustainability.

THE APPLICATION OF GREEN ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN UNESCO CITIES

Adaptive reuse can help increase operating efficiency, and "green adaptive reuse" is the best option for historical buildings. There are no specific important environmental elements in the Malaysia Green Building Index (GBI) that are catered for, particularly for the reuse of historical buildings in the Malaysian setting. There is a vital need to identify certain essential environmental aspects that can be used to develop green features in Malaysia's adaptive reuse projects. This study examines the perspectives of adaptive reuse practitioners who have worked on historical building adaptive reuse projects through semi-structured interviews. These findings may assist GBI Malaysia in strengthening by identifying the fundamental environmental aspects for green adaptive reuse and classifying and sorting the elements into major categories in a meaningful sequence compatible with historical connections, sustainable and city planning knowledge.

Industrial building adaptive reuse for museum. Factors affecting visitors’ perceptions of the sustainable urban development potential

Adaptive reuse is a rapidly expanding frontier research topic across the world. Following decades of human-induced disdain and neglect of resource depletion and environmental deterioration, adaptive reuse has the potential to have a substantial impact on current trends in urban sustainability. Adaptive reuse that integrates certain concepts and strategies can accomplish a healthy mix of financial investment, environmental protection, cultural heritage preservation, and urban regeneration. Yet, the results of converting a pre-existing industrial building of cultural heritage into museum remain unclear. This study aims to explore the elements influencing public perception of the adaptive reuse influence on sustainable urban development. In order to achieve the objective set, an online survey focusing on the newly adaptively reused FIX Brewery was conducted, followed by regression analysis. Findings argue that adaptive reuse can have an overall impact on the long-term sustainable development of the surrounding area, in terms of improving the quality of life for the local society, empowering the cultural dimension, as well as making it a popular tourist destination. The literature appears to be lacking in a point of reference for the users’ evaluation of the final decision following the completion of an adaptive reuse. Filling this gap, this study suggests that a decision assessment criterion in post-occupancy evaluations should be considered, along with an alternative. New evidence should enable competent bodies take steps towards creating cultural hotspots using adaptive reuse. At a broad level, study results could also be useful to key players pursuing a sustainable response to city challenges.

Environmental and technological flexibility for new housing needs

Over time, the economic and social conditions determined expansion and contraction processes of the domestic space (from the cave to the castle, from the castle to the studio flat) with important consequences on people’s life quality. This evolution stimulated the development of cultural debates and design experiments on the theme of flexibility. In the contemporary scenario, flexibility has a big value because it represents an important design strategy to meet the needs of contemporary living in a sustainable dimension. For more than twenty years, the authors have been linked by a working relationship aimed at comparing theoretical scientific developments and design practice. This paper offers some reflections on the evolution of flexibility concept in residential construction by providing concrete examples through the reading of some projects. The variations of flexibility are debated with reference to the people’s needs in the adaptive reuse of buildings. The writing faces the functional mix and the modifiability of interior spaces given by the design of flexible technological units (partitions, systems, furnishings) and mobile additions as well as the adaptability of the closures with respect to climatic and seasonal conditions. The theme of flexibility, too often “oversized” and not investigated in terms of feasibility, is presented in a possible and useful scale. Flexibility is also faced as a new way for showing the link between utility and beauty of the spaces.

Environmental and technological flexibility for new housing needs

Over time, the economic and social conditions determined expansion and contraction processes of the domestic space (from the cave to the castle, from the castle to the studio flat) with important consequences on people’s life quality. This evolution stimulated the development of cultural debates and design experiments on the theme of flexibility. In the contemporary scenario, flexibility has a big value because it represents an important design strategy to meet the needs of contemporary living in a sustainable dimension. For more than twenty years, the authors have been linked by a working relationship aimed at comparing theoretical scientific developments and design practice. This paper offers some reflections on the evolution of flexibility concept in residential construction by providing concrete examples through the reading of some projects. The variations of flexibility are debated with reference to the people’s needs in the adaptive reuse of buildings. The writing faces the functional mix and the modifiability of interior spaces given by the design of flexible technological units (partitions, systems, furnishings) and mobile additions as well as the adaptability of the closures with respect to climatic and seasonal conditions. The theme of flexibility, too often “oversized” and not investigated in terms of feasibility, is presented in a possible and useful scale. Flexibility is also faced as a new way for showing the link between utility and beauty of the spaces.

Building Adaptive reuse determinants Case study: Al Andalus hospital in Aleppo city

With the growth and expansion of cities, their requirements change, which calls to Adaptive reuse of their buildings in proportion to these changing requirements in a sustainable manner. Therefore, the aim of the research is to reach the most important axes and determinants of building adaptive reuse process that must be taken into account when thinking about the of building adaptive reuse, through which it is possible to assess the success of building adaptive reuse process Employment, by explaining the concept of building adaptive reuse in addition to reviewing the ARP model to determine the possibility of building adaptive reuse and the ADAPT STAR model to increase the possibility of adaptive reuse in the future, leading to the extraction of the seven main axes of building adaptive reuse and then conducting a questionnaire to determine the relative weights of these axes and determine the impact of each A specific of the determinants of building adaptive reuse on the adaptive reuse process as a whole and on each other, ending by applying the results of the theoretical framework to a practical case of building adaptive reuse in the city of Aleppo. The research reached to extract sub-determinants specific to each of the seven axes regulating building adaptive reuse, and the research recommended the adoption of the extracted model to determine the extent of success of building adaptive reuse and to clarify the weaknesses and strengths of that process.

Current Status and Emerging Trends on the Adaptive Reuse of Buildings: A Bibliometric Analysis

The emerging demand for sustainable development and the need for efficient use of resources across the built environment have stirred research efforts globally. The construction sector is often regarded as one of the major world consumers of resources, so many international establishments are trying to create a sustainable environment through adaptive reuse of existing building stocks, a concept which has been receiving momentous recognition by reason of its richly diversified applicability for circular economy. Thus, profound knowledge of the topic and research trends is requisite to promote scholarship. For this analysis, the global research developments in adaptive reuse are assessed according to published documents, co-authorship, geographical distribution and keyword- co-occurrences. From the Scopus directory, 227 journal articles published from 2006 to 2021 were retrieved. Results showed that from 2006, published documents rose by 221 articles. About 29% of the publications were from Italy and the United Kingdom. Among the articles, 110 were from the subject area of environmental science (48.5%), while the subject area of engineering represents 104 publications (45.8%). Recent progress in adaptive reuse in building and construction includes, but not limited to: (i) component and materials reuse and technology, (ii) life cycle assessment, (iii) economic assessment and multi-criteria decision making and (iv) regulatory policies and stakeholders’ analysis. The findings are important to furnish all relevant personnel in the academic and industries with a broad perception of the status and potential emerging trends on the adaptive reuse of buildings.

The Boyen Fortress: structural analysis of selecting complementary forms of use for a proposed adaptive reuse project

Extending the life cycle of heritage buildings through their adaptive reuse can ensure their survival and is concordant with the policy of sustainable development. Selecting a new form of use for heritage building adaptive reuse projects is a multidimensional process that can be significantly aided by multi-criteria decision-making approaches. In this paper, the authors have proposed a hybrid form of structural analysis, which is a formulation of a multi-criteria approach to the analysis of complementary forms of use for a complex of historical buildings, to be used during the early planning stages of adaptive reuse projects for heritage building complexes. The approach has been demonstrated on the example of the Boyen Fortress complex in Giżycko, Poland. The outcome of the analysis indicated that the highest share of floor space to be adapted should be dedicated to exhibition spaces, which is justified concerning cultural heritage benefits. This approach can be of significant aid to decision-makers during adaptive reuse project planning phases, thereby facilitating the continued survival of heritage sites.

Vacancy Visual Analytics Method: Evaluating adaptive reuse as an urban regeneration strategy through understanding vacancy

Premature obsolescence of existing buildings is a significant challenge for sustainable regeneration in cities internationally. Adaptive reuse is one approach to address obsolescence in cities globally. High vacancy can be a crucial predictor of obsolescence, but vacancy is poorly understood and can be 'hidden'. This paper presents a novel quantitative method, called Vacancy Visual Analytics Method (VVAM), to identify vacancy in city populations. VVAM permits detailed visualisation of the location and quantity of vacancy, including Greyspace, a form of hitherto undetectable vacancy. To test VVAM, this paper reports its application to a population of office buildings (n=118) in Adelaide, an Australian city reporting high office building vacancy. VVAM revealed the vacancy distribution did not lend itself to whole building adaptive reuse, despite the universal advocacy for greater adaptive reuse globally. This finding implies whole building adaptive reuse may not be appropriate to address vacancy in all cities. This study recommends policy formation should involve a thorough examination of vacancy across building populations to ensure policy efficacy. VVAM presents a useful tool to critically understand vacancy and inform policy to address urban vacancy, including cities affected by COVID-19 office building vacancy.

Investigation of AEC/FM practices in adaptive reuse projects

PurposeThis paper investigates the current practices of adaptive reuse projects, within the context of architecture, engineering, construction and facilities management (ACE/FM) industries.Design/methodology/approachA mixed research methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, was followed. Literature review was performed to comprehend various aspects pertaining to building adaptive reuse. Three questionnaire surveys were administered on 90 AEC/FM practitioners, to investigate the current practices of adaptive reuse projects in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire surveys were directed to 30 architects/engineers (A/Es), 30 contractors and 30 facilities managers, respectively, through face-to-face interviews. The qualitative and quantitative findings of each questionnaire survey were analyzed. Recommendations were proposed for each of the professional domains, to enhance the overall AEC/FM performance in future adaptive reuse projects.FindingsThe findings pointed out the necessity of accurately planning and designing the adaptive reuse in accordance with the spatial, technical, legislative, economic and functional considerations. The findings revealed the significance of contractors' role in conducting effective supervision over the managerial and technical processes during the implementation of the change of use. It also indicated the importance of the facilities managers' role in performing all daily operational activities, to maintain satisfactory performance of the adaptively reused buildings.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the relevant literature to the building adaptation, through investigating the perspectives of AEC/FM practitioners on adaptive reuse projects. The findings would enable AEC/FM practitioners to improve their professional practices in future adaptive reuse projects, in an integrated manner.

A hybrid method for optimizing selective disassembly sequence planning in adaptive reuse of buildings

PurposeA successful adaptive reuse process relies heavily on the strong performance of disassembly sequence planning (DSP), yet the studies in the field are limited to sequential disassembly planning (SDP). Since in sequential disassembly, one component or subassembly is removed with only one manipulator at a time, it can be a relatively inefficient and lengthy process for large or complex assemblies and cannot fully utilize the DSP benefits for adaptive reuse of buildings. This study aims to present a new hybrid method for the single-target selective DSP that supports both sequential and parallel approaches.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses asynchronous parallel selective disassembly planning (aPDP) method, one of the newest and most effective parallel approaches in the manufacturing industry, to develop a parallel approach toward DSP in adaptive reuse of buildings. In the proposed method, three objectives (i.e. disassembly sequence time, cost and environmental impacts) are optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II).FindingsThe proposed method can generate feasible sequential solutions for multi-objective DSP problems as the sequence disassembly planning for buildings (SDPB) method, and parallel solutions lead to 17.6–23.4% time reduction for understudy examples. Moreover, in disassembly planning problems with more complex relations, the parallel approach generates more effective and time-efficient sequences.Originality/valueThis study introduces the parallel approach for the first time in this field. In addition, it supports both sequential and parallel approaches as a novel strategy that enables the decision-makers to select the optimum approach (i.e. either the parallel or the sequential approach) for DSP. Moreover, a metaheuristic method (i.e. NSGA-II) is adopted as the optimization tool with robust results in the field in which those heuristic methods have only been employed in the past.

From Sanctuary to Skatepark

Roman R. Williams and Taylor E. Hartson on exploring the adaptive reuse of buildings.

Critical sustainable development factors in the adaptive reuse of urban industrial buildings. A fuzzy DEMATEL approach

Adaptive reuse constitutes a major factor for the city resource exploitation, to wit the sustainable urban development. Sustainable development potential in the wake of a former industrial building adaptive reuse project, given the several variables involved, is an important subject of study and is known by the wider scientific community to add value to a city. Focusing on the transformation of the iconic FIX Brewery to house the Hellenic National Museum of Contemporary Art, this study attempts to explore all the value-adding parameters of such projects. The objective, based upon a Fuzzy-DEMATEL analysis, is to identify critical factors influencing the local sustainable development through adaptive reuse projects, as well as to assess the direction and level of interaction among them, which will eventually serve in addition to theoretical support, as a tool for future decision-making. Evidence from this study points to the most fundamental, stable and initiative factors, bearing a direct impact on the entire system with their performance and influence on other more prone to change factors. Taken together, findings support Land Conservation and Cultural Heritage Protection as the two most critical factors in the adaptive reuse of urban industrial buildings, followed by Community Action and Involvement Empowerment.

Usage of Interface Management System in Adaptive Reuse of Buildings

Adaptive reuse of buildings is considered a superior alternative for new construction in terms of sustainability and a disruptive practice in the current capital project delivery model for the renewal of today’s built environment. In comparison to green-field construction projects, adaptive reuse projects require distinct stages, definition of interfaces, decision gates, and planning methods in order to secure the success of the building project. Unfortunately, little research has been done regarding establishing feasible systems for the planning, assessment, and management of adaptive reuse projects, leading to underperforming building projects outcomes. Interface management (IM) can improve renovation projects outcomes by defining appropriate ways to identify, record, monitor, and track project interfaces. IM has the potential of bringing cost and time benefits during adaptive reuse projects execution. The aim of this study is to develop a reference framework for implementing IM for adaptive reuse projects. First, the inefficiencies of redevelopment projects are explained inside of a circular economy (CE) context. Second, an ontology of IM for adaptive reuse projects is defined based on the current barriers to adaptive reuse and the most common interface problems in construction projects. Third, the defined ontology is expanded through a case study by showing examples of adaptive reuse barriers on a case project, and how IM could have been part of the solution for these problems. Finally, this study concludes with the suggestions on interface management systems (IMS) implementation for future adaptive reuse projects.

Adaptive reuse of buildings: the case of Sri Lanka

PurposeHistoric buildings can make a significant contribution to the history and culture of a country. Today, land scarcity has led to the demolishing of existing buildings to meet the demand for new constructions. Adaptive reuse of buildings (ARB) while preserving the hidden prestige of historic buildings plays a pivotal role in regenerating the built environment to cater to the demand that exists for new buildings. Sri Lanka has so far not embraced ARB, which can help to preserve the historical and cultural values of the existing building stock in the country. Hence, the study aims to analyze the remedial actions that can overcome the barriers to and challenges of ARB in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a qualitative research approach by using three expert interviews and five case studies. The data collected from the case studies were analyzed using content analysis. As a part of the case studies, semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals who are already practicing ARB were conducted.FindingsWhen making the ARB decision, key drivers and parameters of ARB have to be considered. ARB has socio-cultural, environmental and economic benefits. Sri Lanka as a developing country will definitely face barriers and challenges when adopting ARB. These barriers/challenges could be categorized as social; environmental; economic; legal-regulatory; and physical-technical-other barriers/challenges. The economic barrier, “Higher opportunity costs,” and the legal barrier, “Health and safety requirements,” stipulated by the authorities were common to all five case studies.Originality/valueThe study identifies the actions that can overcome ARB barriers and challenges present in Sri Lanka to reap maximum socio-cultural, environmental and economic benefits.

Meanwhile Use as an Act of Resistance

In this paper, the role of meanwhile use as an act of resistance is examined. Can temporal reuse of buildings awaiting redevelopment affect the decisions of architects, policymakers and developers over plans for adaptation or demolition? In recent years, we have seen an increase in practices of meanwhile use in this context. Examples can be found in many European and American cities: relict spaces temporarily turned into bars or co-working environments, vacant offices into galleries, wastelands into vegetable gardens, etc. Important differences surface in terms of process, ideology, politics of space, activism and power relations. The ultimate beneficiary of meanwhile use is often unclear and diverse over cases. Different authors highlighted its catalyst role in processes of gentrification and displacement and identified it as placemaking tool for developers or public authorities. Others thought it a useful method in the adaptive re-use of buildings, learning from every-day uses when imagining future adaptations. This paper scrutinises the role of meanwhile use, operating critically from within redevelopment projects. The analysis draws on practical experiences in a project of meanwhile use in the CIAM-inspired Brussels North District. Alongside interviews with diverse agents, some of the tactical and inter-personal dimensions are being revealed. Using literature from critical urbanism, post-colonial theory, and actor-network theory and findings from the paper's case study, five conditions are crystallised for meanwhile use to be an act of resistance, affecting the outcome of redevelopment projects.

Adaptive reuse of buildings: Eco-efficiency assessment of retrofit strategies for alternative uses of an historic building

Adaptive reuse is a process of retrofitting old buildings for new uses. Existing residential buildings in European cities are often being retrofitted to be adapted as office buildings whilst keeping its historical value. The main goal of this article is to perform an eco-efficiency assessment for a historic building to assess alternative retrofit strategies and uses, including investigate how occupancy influences the economic and environmental life-cycle performance of retrofit strategies. A life-cycle model was implemented to a single-family house from the beginning of the 20th century retrofitted to be used as an office building. Nine occupancy scenarios combined with alternative insulation levels were defined. The occupancy scenarios are defined by level of occupancy (office use, and low and high residential occupancy) and set-points (18 °C, 20 °C and 22 °C for heating combined with 23 °C, 25 °C and 27 °C for cooling). The insulation levels comprise alternative roof insulation levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mm) and exterior-wall inside insulation levels (0, 40 and 80 mm). Eco-efficiency assessment shows that higher comfort conditions result in better eco-efficient results in all types of occupancy. Retrofit strategies with more than 80 mm of roof insulation are not eco-efficient. In summary, different retrofit strategies should be adopted to maximize savings and minimize environmental impacts depending on the type of use and occupancy level. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account both the economic and environmental perspective to support a comprehensive retrofit decision process.