Adaptive Behavioural Strategies Research Articles

Differential impact of emotional and social loneliness on daily alcohol consumption in individuals with alcohol use disorder

BackgroundLoneliness is a predisposing and maintaining factor of alcohol use behavior. Several studies have linked loneliness to daily drinking and elevated alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk; however, operationalizations of both loneliness and drinking have varied greatly. MethodsThe current study adopted a multidimensional framework of loneliness (i.e., emotional and social subtypes) to examine daily prospective relations between loneliness and drinking among non-treatment seeking individuals with AUD. Participants (N= 60) reported on current loneliness and drinking twice daily for 14-days. Scores on emotional and social loneliness were disaggregated into within- and between-person predictors, and a multilevel hurdle model proxy was fitted with drinking likelihood (logistic) and quantity (zero truncated negative binomial) specified as separate outcomes. ResultsEmotional loneliness (within-person) was associated with increased drinking likelihood (OR=1.05, 95 % BCI [1.01, 1.10]) and quantity (IRR=1.05, 95 % BCI [1.02, 1.09]), while social loneliness (within-person) was associated with decreases in both drinking likelihood (OR=.94, 95 % BCI [.89,.99]) and quantity (IRR=.96, 95 % BCI [.93,.99]). Between-person loneliness scores were unrelated to both outcomes. ConclusionsThese discrepant findings by loneliness subtype may be ascribed to differences in subjective manifestations, in that emotional loneliness is a more severe form of loneliness that overlaps significantly with other negative affective states and promotes a coping response, while social loneliness may be readily alleviated by adaptive behavioral strategies for some, and social withdrawal for others. These findings offer insight into the nuances of loneliness-drinking relations and their clinical implications.

Coping behaviour and defense mechanisms of nursing staff depending on the level of severity of emotional burnout

Introduction. Health care professionals’ (HCP) occupational activity is associated with a highly intense psycho-emotional load. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic strategies of stress-overcoming behaviour in the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural spheres and the characteristics of defense mechanisms among nursing staff. Materials and methods. An online study of coping strategies and defense mechanisms (DM) was carried out using E. Heim’s questionnaire, and method “Life Style Index”. The respondents were divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of emotional burnout (EB). Research results are displayed as median, upper and lower quartiles, and extensive indicators. The comparison of indicators was carried out using the χ2 criterion, the relationship between characteristics was assessed using correlation analysis, and the structure of the DM was studied using the factor analysis. Results. Non-constructive and relatively adaptive copings predominate in the structure of cognitive strategies among HCP with an average and high level of EB. Adaptive copings predominate among emotional strategies in HCP with an average level of EB, and non-adaptive and relatively adaptive in HCP with a high EB level. Non-constructive copings were in the majority among HCP with a high level of EB. The dominant MD among HCP with an average level of EB are “denial”, “repression”, “reaction formation”, and “regression”, “intellectualization”, “reaction formation” in HCP with a high EB level. The distribution of the largest weight loads in the MD complex is not identical; the common feature is the presence of “regression”, “compensation” in the first factor, “repression”, “response formation” in the second, and “denial” in the third. Limitations. The study is one-stage, performed with the participation of one occupational group. Conclusion. Non-adaptive, relatively adaptive cognitive and behavioural coping strategies predominate in the structure of coping behaviour among HCP with different levels of EB. The combination of MD in HCP with different EB levels is a key subsystem of interrelated functioning protective mechanisms that ensure the preservation of mental homeostasis and the integrity of the individual.

Immediate effect of physical activity on the autonomic nervous system in individuals with autism spectrum disorders of different age groups: a randomised trial

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most complex neurodevelopmental disorders. It affects almost all human physiological systems. Individuals with ASD often display dysregulation in their autonomic nervous system...

Bridging the Boundaries of Corporate Language Competence in Multinational Teams

Few studies to date examined the emotional unrest that results from communication across cultures in multinational teams (MNTs). Through examination of 12 in-depth interviews and a focus group of respondents from MNTs, this study investigates the impact of language-induced emotions in MNTs resulting from a corporate language mandate. Even with highly proficient linguists, MNTs still experience collaborative difficulties caused by language differences and associated emotions. Issues identified include loss of information, ambiguity over equivalence of meaning, variability in sociolinguistic competence, and problems of adjustment to cultural norms. The research also pinpointed several lingua-culturally adaptive behavioral strategies relating to international leadership.

Dimensions of the KidCope and their associations with mental health outcomes in Tanzanian adolescent orphans

ABSTRACT Background Adverse life experiences require a broader range of adaptive behavioral strategies to cope with related stressors. The association between intensity, duration, type of stress and impacts on mental health is important for effective programming aimed at increasing resilience in the face of stress. This study examines adverse life experiences, coping strategies, and associations with mental health outcomes among very young adolescent orphans. Methods The analytic sample was collected between January and March of 2019 and included 350 adolescent orphans ages 10–15 years old from three districts in Tanzania. Participants completed survey interviews, 75–90 minutes in length, that measured adverse life experiences, stigma, coping strategies, and psychological symptoms. Results A four-factor dimensional structure of the KidCope survey fits these data and distinguished between distraction and resignation coping strategies. Use of distraction as a coping dimension was the most frequently used coping dimension and was associated with lower reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and externalizing behaviors. Resignation was positively associated with adverse life experiences including emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Problem-focused coping was not associated with study outcomes and social support coping was associated with externalizing behaviors only. Conclusion Results from adolescent orphans in a low-resource context suggest that distraction coping strategies may be adaptive in response to stress. Implications for intervention programming that aims to target acquisition of coping skills and mindsets among vulnerable populations are discussed.

PECULIARITIES OF COPING BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT EXTENT OF INTERNET ADDICTION

Adolescence is one of the critical stages in man’s personal development, therefore this age group is more susceptible to stress because of the low ability to cope with challenging circumstances. The main purpose of coping behaviour is to restore the emotional balance and the relationship between the individual and the environment, as well as to reduce the associated psychological discomfort. The aim of the study is to explore and describe the features of coping behaviour in adolescents with differing levels of Internet addiction. The research sample comprised  people aged from  to . The authors used testing methods to study coping behavior and Internet addiction, as well as the methods of mathematical statistics. The following results were obtained in the course of the research: First, “Confrontation”, “Distancing” and “Escape – Avoidance” strategies proved to correlate positively with the level of Internet addiction. Second, adolescents with no Internet addiction tend to use for the most part relatively adaptive cognitive and behavioural coping strategies as well as adaptive emotional coping strategies. Adolescents with obvious passion for Internet and tendency towards addiction most often use relatively adaptive cognitive and behavioural coping strategies as well as adaptive emotional coping strategies. Meanwhile adolescents with actual addiction also use relative adaptive cognitive and behavioural coping strategies, though accompanied by maladaptive emotional coping strategies. Thus, the increasing level of Internet addiction correlates with the growing frequency of non-adaptive coping strategies. Adolescents’ withdrawal to virtual space as one of the ways to cope with a stressful situation affects their emotional level to a great extent. The consideration of peculiarities of adolescents’ coping behaviour will make it possible to individualise psychological prevention programmes and those aimed at correction of Internet addiction.

Demographic and environmental correlates of home ranges and long-distance movements of Mohave ground squirrels

Abstract Space use by mammals can differ among age-classes, sexes, or seasons, and these processes are recognized as adaptive behavioral strategies. Semi-fossorial ground squirrels, in particular, have shown age- and sex-specific patterns in their aboveground movement behaviors. We studied space use of Mohave ground squirrels (Xerospermophilus mohavensis) at the Freeman Gulch study site in the central region of their range in the Mojave Desert, California. We documented the timing of their full annual cycle, investigated correlates of size of home ranges of adults and distance of long-distance movements by juveniles, and evaluated whether juvenile body masses and movements were related to interannual climatic variation. Adult males emerged from burrows and entered hibernation sooner than did adult females. Home ranges were larger for males (x¯ ± SD = 0.50 ± 0.40 km2) than females (0.05 ± 0.03 km2), especially during the mating season. Maximum distances moved by juveniles did not differ significantly between males (1.6 ± 2.3 km) and females (1.0 ± 1.8 km), and both sexes were equally likely to travel long distances from natal sites. The longest-distance movement we documented was 7.7 km by a juvenile male. Juveniles born in a year of low vegetation productivity gained significantly less mass (97 ± 7 g) and traveled shorter distances than those born in a year of higher vegetation productivity (177 ± 20 g). Our findings were similar to those documented in the Coso Range study site in the northern region of the geographic range of the species, indicating that movement patterns are similar range-wide. Mohave ground squirrels responded strongly to climate variation, and global climate change will likely result in a northward shift in suitable habitats. Informed conservation planning, therefore, will be essential for this rare, declining species.

Operating room team strategies to reduce flow disruptions in high-risk task episodes: resilience in robot-assisted surgery

In healthcare work settings, flow disruptions (FDs) pose a potential threat to patient safety. Resilience research suggests that adaptive behavioural strategies contribute to preventing cognitive overload through FDs at crucial moments. We aimed to explore the nature and efficacy of operating room (OR) team strategies to prevent FDs in robot-assisted surgery. Within a mixed-methods design, we first asked surgical professionals, which strategies they apply, and secondly, identified behavioural strategies through direct observations. Findings were analysed using content analysis. Additionally, FDs were assessed through live observations in the OR. The sample included four interviewed experts and 15 observed surgical cases. Sixty originally received strategies were synthesised into 17 final OR team strategies. Overall, 658 FDs were observed with external FDs being the most frequent. During high-risk episodes, FDs were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). The identified strategies reveal how OR teams deliberatively and dynamically manage and mitigate FDs during critical tasks. Our findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of adaptive strategies to safeguard performance in robot surgery services. Practitioner Summary: Flow disruptions (FDs) in surgical work may become a severe safety threat during high-risk situations. With interviews and observations, we explored team strategies applied to prevent FDs in critical moments. We obtained a comprehensive list of behavioural strategies and found that FDs were significantly reduced during a specific high-risk surgical task. Our findings emphasise the role of providers’ and teams’ adaptive capabilities to manage workflow in high-technology care environments.

Stage Features of Social and Psychological Adaptation in Ukrainians Immigrating to China

Problem definition world globalization and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine led to a significant increase in the number of Ukrainians emigrating to China. The emigration process has its stages, at each of which the individual solves his tasks of social and psychological adaptation, which requires research. Problem analysis In the scientific literature, the emigration process is divided into three main stages (preparatory, moving and familiarization with new living conditions and adaptation to new conditions), in each of which adaptation is an important psychological component of this process. In the humanistic paradigm, the process of socio-psychological adaptation of the individual is the most developed and researched. The purpose of the study to reveal the stage-by-stage features of socio-psychological adaptation among Ukrainians emigrating to China. The research methods are the Rogers-Diamond diagnostic method of socio-psychological adaptation; questionnaires "Adaptive strategies of behavior" and "Satisfaction with life" according to N. Melnikova; questionnaire "Social well-being". Mathematical and statistical processing of the φ criterion - Fisher's angular transformation and the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Description of the sample the sample consisted of 90 Ukrainians of early adulthood who are in a marital relationship and have a higher education. The sample was divided into 3 studied groups. Group 1 (Gr. 1) includes Ukrainians who plan to emigrate to China, which was confirmed by the documents they drew up for this purpose. Group 2 (Gr. 2) included Ukrainians who lived in China for no more than 1 year after moving. Until the third (Gr.3) - more than 1 year. Conclusions At the second stage of socio-psychological adaptation in the process of emigration, the indicators of emotional discomfort, non-acceptance of others, external conflict and maladjustment significantly increase among Ukrainians, which worsens their adaptation potential, however, at the third stage, its full recovery and return to the level of the emigration planning stage was revealed. At each stage, features of the manifestation of adaptive behavioral strategies, indicators of social well-being and life satisfaction were revealed.

Social capital of rural territorial communities in Ukraine: problems of strengthening and directions of their solution

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify current problems of strengthening the social capital of rural territorial communities in the context of administrative and territorial reform with the definition of directions for their solution.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The paper uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to collect, process, and systematize the results of scientific research; abstract-logical and critical analysis – to identify possible risks due to the implementation of administrative-territorial reform; statistical – for data collection and systematization; method of comparisons – to identify the compliance of the dynamics of various forms of social capital to the potential of communities; graphic – to visualize the results of the assessment of the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities and the dynamics of accumulation of various forms of social capital; correlation and regression analysis – to determine the impact of certain indicators of social capital development on the economy of rural communities; induction and deduction – to substantiate the main directions of social capital development of rural communities in modern conditions. &#x0D; Results. Restrictions on the development of social capital accumulation have been identified, which include: shadowing of interaction and low trust in social institutions, individualization of behavioral strategies, growth of economically inactive and socially vulnerable groups, and formation of networks of discriminatory relationships, spreading of norms of destructive social behavior, as well as the risks that may arise in the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities. It is established that the administrative-territorial reform at the local level has created certain preconditions for strengthening the potential of horizontally and vertically integrating social capital. It was found that the dynamics of territorial identification of the population of Ukraine in relation to their community is negative and indicates low social capital at the local level. The dynamics of forms of horizontally integrating social capital of rural communities, which are represented by agricultural cooperatives, farms, and inter-community cooperation, are analyzed and it is found that the potential of their development in Ukraine has not been realized yet. The necessity of implementation of systemic decisions on the development of social capital of communities to achieve the main goals of decentralization of management is proved. The main directions of the development of social capital of rural communities are substantiated taking into account modern features of their development.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The specifics of the formation of social capital of rural communities as small local communities are analyzed, taking into account the main determinants of influence, which include increasing territorial mobility and maintaining the asymmetry of spatial development in the direction of the center-periphery, the choice of adaptive behavioral strategies due to changes in the territorial identification of the population and the assessment of opportunities to achieve a certain level of well-being in the community. The main directions of social capital development as a prerequisite for uniting and mobilizing internal resources for rural development are substantiated based on existing problems and identified potential risks due to the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of government. Scientific and methodological bases of research on social capital at the local level under conditions of social and economic instability are improved.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The results of the study will be useful for local governments of territorial communities formed as a result of local government reform and territorial organization of government, as well as district and regional state administrations, which focus on promoting inclusive community development and self-sufficiency.

Social capital of rural territorial communities in Ukraine: problems of strengthening and directions of their solution

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify current problems of strengthening the social capital of rural territorial communities in the context of administrative and territorial reform with the definition of directions for their solution.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The paper uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to collect, process, and systematize the results of scientific research; abstract-logical and critical analysis – to identify possible risks due to the implementation of administrative-territorial reform; statistical – for data collection and systematization; method of comparisons – to identify the compliance of the dynamics of various forms of social capital to the potential of communities; graphic – to visualize the results of the assessment of the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities and the dynamics of accumulation of various forms of social capital; correlation and regression analysis – to determine the impact of certain indicators of social capital development on the economy of rural communities; induction and deduction – to substantiate the main directions of social capital development of rural communities in modern conditions. &#x0D; Results. Restrictions on the development of social capital accumulation have been identified, which include: shadowing of interaction and low trust in social institutions, individualization of behavioral strategies, growth of economically inactive and socially vulnerable groups, and formation of networks of discriminatory relationships, spreading of norms of destructive social behavior, as well as the risks that may arise in the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities. It is established that the administrative-territorial reform at the local level has created certain preconditions for strengthening the potential of horizontally and vertically integrating social capital. It was found that the dynamics of territorial identification of the population of Ukraine in relation to their community is negative and indicates low social capital at the local level. The dynamics of forms of horizontally integrating social capital of rural communities, which are represented by agricultural cooperatives, farms, and inter-community cooperation, are analyzed and it is found that the potential of their development in Ukraine has not been realized yet. The necessity of implementation of systemic decisions on the development of social capital of communities to achieve the main goals of decentralization of management is proved. The main directions of the development of social capital of rural communities are substantiated taking into account modern features of their development.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The specifics of the formation of social capital of rural communities as small local communities are analyzed, taking into account the main determinants of influence, which include increasing territorial mobility and maintaining the asymmetry of spatial development in the direction of the center-periphery, the choice of adaptive behavioral strategies due to changes in the territorial identification of the population and the assessment of opportunities to achieve a certain level of well-being in the community. The main directions of social capital development as a prerequisite for uniting and mobilizing internal resources for rural development are substantiated based on existing problems and identified potential risks due to the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of government. Scientific and methodological bases of research on social capital at the local level under conditions of social and economic instability are improved.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The results of the study will be useful for local governments of territorial communities formed as a result of local government reform and territorial organization of government, as well as district and regional state administrations, which focus on promoting inclusive community development and self-sufficiency.

Thinking outside Pandora’s box: Revealing differential effects of coping with physical and psychological menopause symptoms at work

Menopause is one of the most distinctive and individualised aspects of health-related gendered ageing at work, which is important as more women than ever before are working through their entire menopause cycle. We turn to the life-span development model of Selection, Optimisation and Compensation (SOC), which has great potential to provide a more nuanced review of adaptive behavioural strategies for potential work-related resource loss owing to menopause. In this article, we provide evidence from two studies: study 1 was an inductive analysis of 21 interviews; study 2 tested a number of hypotheses emergent from study 1 on two survey samples ( N = 381). We found that women with severe menopause symptoms were adversely affected at work; however, the use of SOC alongside supervisory and female peer support, ameliorated the negative impact of physical menopause symptoms on work performance. We also identified that SOC use was actually detrimental to work performance when used to manage psychological menopause symptoms. Our findings advance the understanding of gendered ageing at work, specifically managing menopause at work, through the lens of SOC theory. We show how engaging in agentic adaptive behaviours can be both beneficial and detrimental for differentially managing physical and psychological menopause symptoms at work.

Times and partners are a-changin': relationships between declining food abundance, breeding success, and divorce in a monogamous seabird species.

Seabirds exhibit considerable adjustment capacity to cope with environmental changes during the breeding season and to maximize lifetime reproductive output. For example, divorce has been proposed to be an adaptive behavioral strategy in social monogamous species, as a response to poor conditions and low breeding success. Here, we studied divorce at the population and individual levels in northern gannets (Morus bassanus, hereafter gannets) nesting on Bonaventure island (Quebec, Canada). At the population level, we used Granger’s method for detecting and quantifying temporal causality between time series (from 2009 to 2019) of divorce rate and breeding success of gannets (n = 809) and we evaluated the relationship between breeding success and biomass of their two principal prey (Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus, and Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus). Our results indicated that breeding success is mainly influenced by the spawning-stock biomass of Atlantic mackerel, and a decrease in breeding success is followed by an increase in divorce rate with a 1-year lag. However, the effect of the interaction between breeding success and year on the proportion of individuals that divorced showed significant inter-annual variation. At the individual level, our results support the adaptive strategy hypothesis of divorce. Indeed, gannets that changed partners did so following a reproductive failure, and there was an increase in breeding success 1 year following the divorce. Being central place foragers, opportunities for dispersal and adaptation are often limited for breeding seabirds in a context of low food abundance. We suggest that behavioral flexibility expressed as divorce would be an efficient short-term strategy for maintaining reproductive performance.

Adaptive Strategies for Team Formation in Minimalist Robot Swarms

The formation of collaborative robotic teams for task execution often requires coordination in both space and time, with robots gathering in close vicinity and concurrently executing a task. For decentralised robotic swarms constituted of minimalist agents unable to communicate and plan ahead, a probabilistic approach might ensure that tasks are executed at the maximum possible rate by means of opportunistic team formation. We consider here the case of strictly-collaborative tasks of two types—easy and hard—each requiring a specific number of agents to concurrently work in the same area. We show how task execution can be improved by adaptive behavioural strategies that (i) change the random movements of robots to bias their distribution towards areas where hard tasks are present, and (ii) specialise the robots’ behaviour to facilitate the formation of teams tailored to the one or the other task type. Experiments with simulated and real swarms of Kilobots demonstrate the suitability of the proposed approach, opening to future applications in micro/nano-robotics.

Emerging experience-dependent dynamics in primary somatosensory cortex reflect behavioral adaptation

Behavioral experience and flexibility are crucial for survival in a constantly changing environment. Despite evolutionary pressures to develop adaptive behavioral strategies in a dynamically changing sensory landscape, the underlying neural correlates have not been well explored. Here, we use genetically encoded voltage imaging to measure signals in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during sensory learning and behavioral adaptation in the mouse. In response to changing stimulus statistics, mice adopt a strategy that modifies their detection behavior in a context dependent manner as to maintain reward expectation. Surprisingly, neuronal activity in S1 shifts from simply representing stimulus properties to transducing signals necessary for adaptive behavior in an experience dependent manner. Our results suggest that neuronal signals in S1 are part of an adaptive framework that facilitates flexible behavior as individuals gain experience, which could be part of a general scheme that dynamically distributes the neural correlates of behavior during learning.

Model of adaptive behavior of enterprises in the context of transformational changes associated with the aggravation of the climate crisis

It is stated that in the current conditions of the activity of enterprises, the external environment acts as a catalyst for adaptive organizational changes, which in recent years has been increasingly acquiring cardinal transformations, thereby predetermining the VUCA conditions for the functioning of business entities, which requires the mandatory formation of an adaptation policy by them, as an integral part of the management system. and fundamental basis for further development. It is noted that ensuring the effectiveness of the adaptation policy, as practice shows, is possible only with the right choice of strategy and model of adaptive behavior of enterprises aimed at achieving certain guidelines for their development. It has been substantiated that the specificity of the modern conditions of managing enterprises determines the expediency of an organic synthesis of the theory of adaptation with the theory of strategic management. It is emphasized that the adaptation of the existing potential to the requirements and needs of the future involves the formation of an adaptation strategy by enterprises, which, in the conditions of accelerated transformations, in particular, as a result of the exacerbation of the climate crisis, should be determined according to the scenario approach, which will allow building a portfolio of the external environment, and, consequently, a vision of the expected the prospects for its changes on short-term and long-term time horizons. The definitions of the interpretation of the concept of “adaptation” are considered and the approaches to their formation are analyzed. It has been proved that the strategic management of enterprises, adapted to economic transformations due to climate change, should focus primarily not on solving existing problems, but on using the opportunities and strengths of the enterprise. It is emphasized that, depending on the role and importance of adaptive elements, as well as readiness for an adaptive response, it is customary to distinguish three models of behavior of enterprises, each of which determines the readiness for adaptation: a model of active, conservative and mixed behavior. Each of the models of adaptive behavior of enterprises is analyzed. The need for accelerated climate change and transformations in the economy to apply a mixed model of adaptive behavior of enterprises is substantiated.

The Role of Interoceptive Attention and Appraisal in Interoceptive Regulation.

Interoception, i.e., the processing and integration of sensory information has gained research interest due to its relevance in the psychopathological context. In the present review, we focus upon interoceptive regulation or one’s capacity to match bodily signals to his/her desired state by altering the signal or the desired state. More specifically, we discuss attention toward and appraisal of interoceptive stimuli as regulatory mechanisms of interoception. We review findings in the emerging research area of interoceptive attention. Studies suggest that the quality of attention and the nature of appraisal regarding interoceptive information influence interoceptive regulation and subsequent adaptive or maladaptive behavioral strategies among healthy controls as well as clinical populations. We discuss the clinical implications and the need to promote further research as well as to target interoceptive attention and appraisal mechanisms in psychotherapy.

Features of coping behavior at prisoners in a pre-trial detention center

Aim. To study the coping behavior of persons in a pre-trial detention facility in order to identify groups at risk of psychological maladjustment.&#x0D; Methods. The survey method and the Heims methodology for diagnosing of the coping strategies were used.&#x0D; Results. It was found that non-adaptive and relatively adaptive behavioral and cognitive coping strategies prevail over adaptive ones in all the comparison groups. In all groups, the greatest number of maladaptive coping was found in the emotional sphere. The presence of adaptive cognitive coping is associated with a negative attitude to ones offense, maladaptability of behavioral coping is associated with aggression, and emotional coping is associated with the use of psychoactive substances. The adaptability of behavioral strategies is associated with the presence of experience of the institutional confinement. It is established that newly arrived prisoners are at risk of psychological maladjustment, and prisoners who are held in common prisons rooms have high indices of coping adaptability.&#x0D; Conclusions. The surveyed comparison groups differ in the targets of psychological correction. The risk groups for developing mental maladjustment are newly arrived prisoners.

On the Relationship Between Uncertainty Tolerance and Hardiness in Adolescents

Objective – identify the relationship between the phenomena of uncertainty tolerance and hardiness in adolescents. Uncertainty tolerance (UT) is understood as a personality trait that manifests itself in an ability to accept uncertainty and act confidently in unstable situations. Adolescence is characterized as a period of instability. It is thus assumed that uncertainty tolerance is a significant parameter in the structure of adolescents’ hardiness. The research was designed to identify the relationship between uncertainty tolerance and hardiness in adolescents using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Survey respondents: 66 schoolchildren in grades 9 and 11 (15–18 years old), of which 34 are boys and 32 are girls. For the research, a set of methods was used. Hardiness Survey (S. Maddi adapted by D. A. Leont’ev); McLane’s Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-I ((MSTAT-I) adapted by E. G. Lukovitskaia); Adaptive behavioural strategies Questionnaire (adolescent form: ASP‑1) by N. N. Mel’nikova. The results of the research indicate that the relationship between uncertainty tolerance to and the scales (p ≤ 0.0001) of Risk Acceptance (r = 0.75), Control (r = 0.71), Engagement (r = 0.65), Vitality (r = 0.65) has been determined. Empirical data contribute to the understanding of uncertainty tolerance as a basic personality trait that contributes to the effective organization of life with a limited amount of information about future events. Building hardiness enables adolescents to cope with age-related challenges in a more efficient way

Changes in Identification of Possible Pain Coping Strategies by People with Osteoarthritis who Complete Web-based Pain Coping Skills Training.

We previously demonstrated that automated, Web-based pain coping skills training (PCST) can reduce osteoarthritis pain. The present secondary analyses examined whether this program also changed coping strategies participants identified for use in hypothetical pain-related situations. People with hip/knee osteoarthritis (n=107) were randomized to Web-based PCST or standard care control. At baseline and post-intervention, they reported their pain severity and impairment, then completed a task in which they described how they would cope with pain in four hypothetical pain-related situations, also reporting their perceived risk for pain and self-efficacy for managing it. We coded the generated coping strategies into counts of adaptive behavioral, maladaptive behavioral, adaptive cognitive, and discrete adaptive coping strategies (coping repertoire). Compared to the control arm, Web-based PCST decreased the number of maladaptive behavioral strategies generated (p=0.002) while increasing the number of adaptive behavioral strategies generated (p=0.006), likelihood of generating at least one adaptive cognitive strategy (p=0.01), and the size of participants' coping repertoire (p=0.009). Several of these changes were associated with changes in pain outcomes (ps=0.01 to 0.65). Web-based PCST also reduced perceived risk for pain in the situations (p=0.03) and increased self-efficacy for avoiding pain in similar situations (p<0.001). Salutary changes found in this study appear to reflect intervention-concordant learning.