Adaptability Of Wheat Varieties Research Articles

Multivariate Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Various Agro-Physiological Traits in CIMMYT Accessions of Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is one of the most vital staple crops globally, providing sustenance for billions of people. The continued increase in the global population, coupled with the ever-changing climate patterns and growing concerns about food security, has intensified the need for enhancing the productivity and adaptability of wheat varieties. In this context, in the 2019-20 Rabi season, a research study was conducted at Banaras Hindu University's Agriculture Research Farm, Varanasi, in a randomized complete block design with two replications. This research examines the association and interrelationships between thirteen different agro-physiological traits among fifty accessions of CIMMYT bread wheat. The results demonstrate significant positive correlations between grain yield and yield-related traits, including plant height, spike length, biological yield per plot, test weight, and harvest index at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Further analysis using path coefficients shed light on the direct and indirect effects of these traits on grain yield. Among the studied traits, harvest index and biological yield per plot were found to have higher direct effects than others. Days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity, plant height, canopy temperature showed negligible positive direct effect on grain yield. These findings hold significant promise for informing and optimizing selection and breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat varieties.

Adaptation of wheat varieties under combined stress

The article presents the results of studies of adaptive reactions of 10-day-old seedlings of wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 18, Novosibirskaya 44, Sibirskaya 21 and Omskaya 18 under combined stress. The indices of growth, accumulation of wet and dry biomass and permeability of cell membranes by specific electrical conductivity (EC) of leaf extracts under the combined action of chloride salinity (1.3%) and hyperthermia of seeds (43 °C) were studied. Chloride salinization without preliminary heating of seeds caused mainly a decrease in adaptive capacity and a loss of cultivar resistance (a decrease in growth to 57.2%, a decrease in biomass to 35.2%, an increase in EC up to 5.7 times). The most resistant cultivar is Omskaya 18. Preliminary hyperthermia of seeds increased the resistance of seedlings to the subsequent action of chloride salinization (decrease in EC to 56.2%, inhibition of biomass accumulation and growth by up to 14 times). The protective effect of hyperthermia during the subsequent action of salinity is most pronounced in the Sibirskaya 21 variety.

Adaptability of Wheat Varieties to Acid Soils

IT is common experience that certain varieties of wheat can tolerate a considerable degree of acidity in soils, while other varieties, although botanically similar, are very sensitive to this condition. As work in recent years has shown that the soil acidity complex can be resolved into a number of separate factors1, it was decided to investigate the importance of two of these factors—aluminium and manganese toxicity—in relation to the acidity tolerance of wheat varieties.