Adaptation In China Research Articles

Climate change adaptation in China: Differences in electricity consumption between rural and urban residents

We use high-frequency electricity consumption data (17.58 million observations) at level of household to parameterize the relationship between household electricity consumption and temperature for southern China. We find that although urban households are more sensitive to extreme temperature than rural households, with climate warming, rural households would adopt climate change adaptive behavior (e.g. installing air-conditioning), and rural households' sensitivity to temperature would increase significantly. Considering the long-run response, we find that climate warming as predicted under the RCP8.5 scenario would lead to an increase of 23.42 % and 22.28 % in the summer peak electricity consumption of rural and urban households in 2061–2080. Compared with the results of short-run response, ignoring the long-run response would lead to the summer peak electricity consumption of rural and urban households being underestimated by 56.13 % and 20.11 %. Only for our research sample, the economic losses in rural and urban areas caused by climate warming are as high as 1.358 billion Chinese yuan and 0.617 billion Chinese yuan in 2061–2080 under the RCP 8.5 scenario. Climate change would bring serious losses to rural residents.

Adaptation planning of container ports in the context of typhoon risks: The case of Ningbo-Zhoushan port in China

This study conducts a comprehensive survey of the risk of typhoon to container ports by assessing the risk level of typhoons in China's major container ports, predicting their economic losses, and evaluating corresponding adaptation measures. It analyzes adaptation measures in response to typhoon impacts, with a case study of Ningbo-Zhoushan port, one of China's most representative regional ports. It identifies the inadequate supply of institutions and the absence and misbehavior of the main port stakeholders as the main cause of varying institutional imperfections in the port adaptation system. This study contributes to the development of efficient port typhoon prevention policies, reduction of economic losses and casualties, and improvement of port operational efficiency. It also fills an important research gap on climate risk and adaptation in China's container ports, with an emphasis in enhancing port resilience.

Evaluating public opinions: informing public health policy adaptations in China amid the COVID-19 pandemic

Public concern regarding safety policies serious consequences is anticipated to persist over an extended duration. A study examining a case of rapid public health policy adaptation in China during the COVID-19 epidemic was conducted by gathering public opinion data from major social media platforms. A systematic approach to comprehend public opinion was developed. Five fundamental elements and four dimensions were delineated. An indicator system was established utilizing the K-means text clustering model. Public prediction, expectation, and their evolution underlying public concern were elucidated employing TF–IDF text mining models. The HMM elucidated the way public opinion influences policy adjustments. The findings underscore that public concern regarding enduring events undergoes temporal shifts, mirroring the evolution of public opinion towards policy. Public opinion aroused by both the original event and derived events collaboratively influence policy adjustments. In China, public opinion serves as a mechanism for policy feedback and oversight; notably, negative public sentiment plays a pivotal role in expediting policy transitions. These findings aid in refining policies to mitigate emergencies through a feedback loop, thereby averting the emergence of safety risks such as social unrest prompted by public opinion.

Locating Hydrologically Unsustainable Areas for Supporting Ecological Restoration in China's Drylands

AbstractChina has undertaken extensive ecological restoration (ER) projects since the late 1970s in drylands, dominating the greening of drylands. The greening, especially ER‐induced, can affect regional water availability and even cause hydrological unsustainability (i.e., lead to a negative shift in ecosystem water supply and demand balances). However, there is still limited research on accurately identifying the hydrologically unsustainable greening areas (GA) in China's drylands. Here, we developed an ecosystem water supply‐demand indicator, namely, the water self‐sufficiency (WSS), defined as the ratio of water availability to precipitation. Using remote sensing and multisource synthesis data sets combined with trend analysis and time series detection, we conducted a spatially explicit assessment of the hydrological sustainability risk of greening in China's drylands in the context of ER projects over the period 1987–2015. The results showed that 17.15% (6.36 × 104 km2) of the GA faced a negative shift in the WSS (indicating hydrological unsustainability), mainly in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Xinjiang provinces, driven by evapotranspiration. Moreover, 29.34% (1.09 × 105 km2) of the GA, whose area is roughly double that of hydrologically unsustainable GA, exhibited a potential water shortage with a significant WSS decline (−0.014 yr−1), concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces. The reliability of our findings was demonstrated through previous studies at the local scale and an analysis of soil moisture changes. Our findings offer precise grid‐scale identification of the hydrologically unsustainable GA, providing more specific spatial guidance for ER implementation and adaptation in China's drylands.

Pathways to Authoritarian Adaptation: How State–Society Interactions Push the Window of Policy Change in China

Under what conditions might authoritarian states adapt public policies to social preferences? How could social actors push the window for policy change? How might state–society interactions induce policy change as the practice of authoritarian adaptation? This article utilizes a new database of case evidence and the qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the relationship between state–society interaction and policy change as the practical manifestation of authoritarian adaptation in China. The study presents three approaches to policy change: state–society interactive strategies, policy entrepreneurs and the political opportunity structure. The empirical results reveal three patterns of state–society interaction leading to policy change, while submission is not a viable option for society under state suppression. Media presence may impede policy change, and the diverse functions of social organizations should be related to interactive strategies. In addition, social actors may identify political opportunities through multiround interaction, while the role of joint administration in effecting policy change remains unclear. This study offers a novel understanding of authoritarian adaptation.

Tracing the Origin and Migration of Humans— Significant Progress in Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic Fields Made by IVPP

Over the past 15 years, the Paleoanthropological and Paleolithic team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made significant progress in understanding modern human origins and evolution through extensive fieldwork, fossil and artifact discoveries, and cutting-edge ancient molecular analysis. The new fossil findings from Hualongdong, Xuchang, the first report on Harbin, and the reevaluations of previously found fossils like Xujiayao revealed high population diversity in East Asia during the late Middle Pleistocene, implying multiple evolutionary lineages linked to modern humans, Neanderthals, or Denisovans. Different species names were proposed for these unique fossils. Discoveries from Zhiren Cave and Fuyan Cave refreshed our knowledge of modern human emergence in China, sparking debates between the “Recent African Origin” and “Multiregional Evolution” hypothesis. Additionally, new archaeological evidence from Nwya Devu and Xiamabei highlighted human adaptations to extreme climates and technological innovations. Genomic studies further revealed complex patterns of modern human dispersal, admixture, and adaptation in China, especially in the past 40,000 years. The first mitochondrial DNA of Denisovan outside Denisova Cave was successfully extracted from the sediments on the Plateau, suggesting the long-term occupation of this population in this area.

Mediating Effect of Intrinsic Motivation between Psychological Adaptation and International Students’ Academic Adaptation in China during COVID-19

Mediating Effect of Intrinsic Motivation between Psychological Adaptation and International Students’ Academic Adaptation in China during COVID-19

Home away Home: CSP International Doctoral Students’ Community Cultural Wealth and Sociocultural Adaptation in China

China Studies Program (CSP) is a high-calibre international exchange program launched by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation since 2013, which aims to attract overseas students, scholars, and elites from all walks of life to come to study in China through providing scholarships and high-quality training resources. The research site of this study was at a Chinese university in Beijing. Using the Community Cultural Wealth theory (Yosso, 2005), this study examined the sociocultural adaptation mechanism for international doctoral students of the CSP in China, especially how the students themselves, their families, and staff members of the host university help the international doctoral students to navigate their sociocultural adaptation by providing community cultural resources, which helped international students achieve academic success through accumulating aspirational capital, linguistic capital, social capital, familial capital, navigational capital and resistant capital (Yosso, 2005). Findings of this study suggest that the sociocultural adaptation of the international students of CSP was much facilitated by the host community cultural wealth which provided ample opportunities for the international students to acquire and mobilize their various capitals.

Digitalization and Climate Change Adaptation in China

This study develops policy recommendations for the utilization of digital tools to enhance climate change adaptation in China, in response to the ever-transforming living environments due to climate change effects. As the digital economy in China continues to progress, leveraging these technologies to augment adaptation capabilities is deemed both essential and advantageous. This article first identifies China's primary climate change adaptation challenges, followed by an examination of successful digital solutions from countries outside of China. These solutions are then evaluated in the Chinese context, leading to the formation of policy recommendations to advance similar initiatives.

Individualized and Innovation-Centered General Education in a Chinese STEM University

The concept and practice of general education have been widely discussed and debated in the Euro-American world, but its adaptation in China needs further discussion and understanding. Over the past decade, its impact on Chinese higher education is increasingly salient, with a large number of Chinese first-tier universities claiming to initiate general education reforms to their previously narrowly focused undergraduate programs. This paper explores the development, implementation, and support of general education in a new type of research university in China from an organizational perspective. Through a case study of the Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper examines SUSTech’s individualized and innovation-based general education system, highlighting its institution-wide approach and innovation-centered perspective. The findings underscore the importance of integrating general education principles throughout the university to foster self-directed thinkers and cultivate students’ self-awareness, interests, and passions. This study also reveals how general education is used as an organizational solution to address a variety of historical and complicated issues that challenge Chinese universities. This research serves as a catalyst for reform and innovation in Chinese higher education, inspiring transformative practices that meet the evolving needs of students and society.

On the Relationship between Film and Literary Works Adaptation in China

On the Relationship between Film and Literary Works Adaptation in China

The chinese vision of soft power. General considerations

In the last half of the century, public diplomacy has gained great popularity worldwide, becoming one of the basic components of diplomatic practices. From this perspective, it is important to study how the concept of soft power is currently perceived and understood in China at the national level as well as by civil society and the target of China’s public diplomacy. Various Chinese scholars from major Chinese universities concerned with the issue of soft power have published numerous articles systematically describing China’s perspective on the concept and where their country stands at the beginning of the 2000s, with the intention of defining the concept and charting a trajectory for their country. Looking at the Chinese sources and comparing them with the general notions of soft power presented by Joseph Nye, we can state that we are witnessing a new process of assimilation and adaptation in China of a theorythat does not originate in Asia. This article aims to illustrate how China defines soft power and how it has implemented this new tool of the new diplomacy by analyzing the specialized materials published in China during the period 2005-2017.

Temperature sensitivity of marine macroalgae for aquaculture in China

Macroalgae aquaculture faces grand challenges from extreme temperature events in the context of global warming. For mapping aquaculture areas and assessing potential risks, it is urgent to evaluate the thermal sensitivity of commercially and ecologically important macroalgae. In the present study, thermal tolerance of commercial macroalgae species in China and sea surface temperature (SST) under current conditions and three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP3–7.0, SSP5–8.5) scenarios in 2050 were collected for calculating thermal safety margin (TSM), an index of thermal sensitivity, for each species in the aquaculture area. Our results indicated that a few species were particularly sensitive to current conditions, and the kelp Saccharina japonica and Ulva pertusa were the most sensitive species to heat and cold stress, respectively. As indicated by the regional thermal sensitivity (RTS) (i.e., the mean of TSMs for all species in each grid cell), the commercial macroalgae located in southern China (20–25°N) were more sensitive to heat stress, while the commercial macroalgae located in the regions of 27–40°N was more sensitive to cold stress. Commercial macroalgae nearby the Yangtze River Estuary (~30°N) were sensitive to both heat and cold stress. Under the three SSP scenarios, macroalgae aquaculture would be more sensitive to heat stress, and the impacts from cold stress would relatively weaken in 2050. Our findings provide crucial information for the management of macroalgae aquaculture and for climate change mitigation and adaptation in China.

Does mental health mediate the effect of deviant peer affiliation on school adaptation in migrant children: evidence from a nationally representative survey in China

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the impact of deviant peer affiliation on migrant children's school adaptation in China and explore the mediating role of mental health in the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and school adaptation among migrant children. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data. MethodsThis study was based on the nationally representative China Education Panel Survey. Multiple linear regression models were used to quantify the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and school adaptation among 1,012 migrant children aged 12–17 years. Bootstrap test was used to evaluate the mediating effect of children's mental health. ResultsDeviant peer affiliation showed a significant negative impact on the school adaptation of migrant children (β = −0.41, 95% confidence interval = −0.56 to −0.26). The relationship between deviant peer affiliation and school adaptation was partially mediated by children's mental health, resulting in an indirect effect of deviant peer affiliation on their school adaptation through their mental health (β = −0.05, 95% confidence interval = −0.09 to −0.03). The mediating role of mental health could explain 11.4% of the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and school adaptation. ConclusionsAmong migrant children, deviant peer affiliation showed unique effects on their school adaptation. Taking care of their mental health might help improve their school adaptation.

Study of Legal Adaptation in China's Wind Power Development

Legal adaptation is considered a crucial part and one of the most effective tools of the global energy transition. The energy transition process promotes the rise of the renewable energy industry and brings a tremendous challenge to the law. How could or should the law adapt to the challenge of this global trend? This article will start this study from the case of Chinese wind energy development.China is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world for renewable energy. Although the large-scale development of wind energy started in 2000, China's wind power installed capacity reached 300 million kilowatts by 2021, and power generation accounted for about 7% of the total electricity consumption . This year's installed capacity of coal power is approximately 1 billion kilowatts, but its power generation accounted for 71.27% of the whole country . Two energy sources with three times the difference in installed capacity have ten times the difference in power generation. Why is China's electricity market so biased towards traditional energy? How did the large-scale wind curtailment in China occur? And what role should the law play in China's energy transition game to adapt and regulate the development of the electricity market and guide China's energy transition?This paper will use game theory to analyze China's power pricing system and the operation of China's national electricity transmission grid, so as to explore how the law has and should adapt to China's renewable energy development under its unique power market system and power administrative management system, to minimize the rent-seeking behavior generated in power transmission and support the development of wind energy. This paper will propose solutions to the problem of wind curtailment in China's energy transition from a legal adaptation perspective and provide a reference for other countries.

Promotion of China's Internet Application Adaptation to Aging Policy

In recent years, the number of elderly people in China has grown rapidly, but there are still many elderly people who do not have access to the Internet or use smartphones. It is difficult for them to fully enjoy the convenience brought by intelligent services and to integrate into the information society. The purpose of this paper is to assess the current status of Internet application aging in China and explore further development strategies. Based on the public policy analysis method, the paper starts from the current situation of promoting the aging of Internet application products in China, and conducts research from three aspects: the concept of Internet application aging, the current situation of promotion, and the recommendations, and explores the research on Internet application adaptation in China. Through research, it is found that although China's Internet aging policy has achieved many results in promotion, there are also some problems, such as the lack of the perspective of the elderly, the low enthusiasm of enterprises, and the lack of government supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen technological innovation, strengthen multi-party cooperation, pay more attention to the needs of the elderly, and continuously improve the humanization and aging-appropriate level of Internet applications, so as to help the elderly better adapt to and use intelligent services. The research results can provide some suggestions for the promotion and improvement of the Internet application aging policy.

Gradual daylength sensing coupled with optimum cropping modes enhances multi-latitude adaptation of rice and maize

To expand crop planting areas, reestablishment of crop latitude adaptation based on genetic variation in photoperiodic genes can be performed, but it is quite time consuming. By contrast, a crop variety that already exhibits multi-latitude adaptation has the potential to increase its planting areas to be more widely and quickly available. However, the importance and potential of multi-latitude adaptation of crop varieties have not been systematically described. Here, combining daylength-sensing data with the cropping system of elite rice and maize varieties, we found that varieties with gradual daylength sensing coupled with optimum cropping modes have an enhanced capacity for multi-latitude adaptation in China. Furthermore, this multi-latitude adaptation expanded their planting areas and indirectly improved China’s nationwide rice and maize unit yield. Thus, coupling the daylength-sensing process with optimum cropping modes to enhance latitude adaptability of excellent varieties represents an exciting approach for deploying crop varieties with the potential to expand their planting areas and quickly improve nationwide crop unit yield in developing countries.

Effects of Climate Change on the Climatic Production Potential of Potatoes in Inner Mongolia, China

Understanding the impacts of regional climate change on crop production will benefit strategic decisions for future agricultural adaptation in China. In this study, the climatic production potential of potato over the past 61 years in Inner Mongolia was simulated based on long-term observed data and the step-by-step correction method. The results show that the annual average potential for potato climatic production in Inner Mongolia is 19,318 kg·hm−2, fluctuating between the highest value (25,623 kg·hm−2) and the lowest value (15,354 kg·hm−2). Over the past 61 years, the climatic production potential exhibited an insignificant decreasing trend, with large interannual fluctuation, especially since 2000. The high-value areas of the climatic production potential were mainly located in the central and southern regions. The climatic production potential of potato in most areas showed a decreasing trend. The influence of radiation changes on the potato climatic production potential was not obvious in most areas. The effects of temperature changes on the climatic production potential of potato were mostly negative, and were most obvious in the central and western regions and in the southeastern region. The change in precipitation in most parts of western Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Chifeng and eastern Xingan League had a positive effect on the climatic production potential of potato. However, the change in precipitation in southern Ulanchabu, eastern Chifeng, Hulunbuir and western and eastern regions had a negative effect on the climatic production potential of potato. The main limiting factor for the climatic production potential of potato in Inner Mongolia is precipitation. Our findings have important implications for local potato production to cope with ongoing climate change in China.

Этимология иероглифа 佛 и рецепция буддизма в Китае

ntroduction. The etymology of the Chinese character 佛 (fó) shows that not only phonetics but also morphology of the character proper, as well as its interpretation in ancient Chinese texts, serve important factors of its use to translate the concept of ‘Buddha’ from Sanskrit Indian sutras. Goals. Etymological analysis of the hieroglyph 佛 with identification of early meanings based on citations from classical philosophical writings will reveal reasons for the primary use of the character 佛 in translations, in contrast to other assonant lexemes (e.g., 浮). Insights into historical and cultural backgrounds, peculiarities of the dissemination of Buddha’s teachings and beginnings of Chinese translation studies prove instrumental in emphasizing the influence of these processes on subsequent development of the new meaning. Materials. The study analyzes Chinese etymological and explanatory dictionaries, language databases and Chinese historical texts, as well as materials presented in works of linguists and historians. Results. The sign 佛 had been used in Taoist and Confucian literature long before the arrival of Buddhism in China. Its etymological and semantic analyses, interpretations of main meanings discovered in philosophical texts make it possible to show origins of the new meaning of the hieroglyph 佛 ‘Buddha’ and its use in translations. The history of development of the pictophonetic 佛 involves a cognitive aspect of linguoregional studies and reflects the complex process of Buddhist teachings adaptation in China, as well as the formation of Chinese translation studies in the context of interaction between India, China and domains of Tokharistan (Xiyu states) in the earliest centuries AD.

‘It’s difficult but important’: toward a model of African students’ Chinese language identity development in higher education

ABSTRACT This longitudinal inductive research unpacks the process of African post-secondary students’ Chinese language identity (CLI) with the purpose of exploring a model of CLI development. We traced how 12 multilingual African students developed their CLI during the first year in a Chinese university. Data coded from three rounds of interviews conducted at different times reveal that over time, there are fewer distractors and more contributors to the development of CLI. We also found three bidirectional factors that both facilitate and impede CLI construction. In terms of dimensions of language identity, Chinese language expertise and positive affiliation with the new language increased over time without change in students’ original language inheritance. Results inform both African students’ adaptation in China and the instruction and administration of African students in Chinese universities. This study helps to discover patterns of change in language identity from a micro perspective and informs models of language identity development among multilingual adult learners.