Adaptation In Bangladesh Research Articles

Who plans for women? Representation of power in planning for climate change adaptation in Bangladesh

Gender considerations have been part of climate change adaptation planning in the Global South for the last two decades. Despite this, studies have reported a gap in understanding how organisations incorporate people's diverse experiences of climate risks into planning and implementing adaptation strategies, particularly for women disproportionately impacted by climate risks. Taking the case of Bangladesh, this study contributes to this knowledge gap by exploring the representation of power in organisational decision‐making arenas concerning adaptation planning. The investigation involved an analysis of five major national adaptation guidelines and 22 projects conducted in Bangladesh, in addition to in‐depth interviews with 36 development practitioners. This article argues that adaptation planning is a top‐down organisational process in Bangladesh. Decisions are undertaken in ‘inner circles’ involving experts, bureaucrats and top officials of major national NGOs and often fail to include the voices of diverse social groups affected by intersecting inequalities, including ethnicity, disability, religion, locality and, in particular, gender. The study elaborates on the need for a major change to planning and decision‐making processes to achieve adaptation planning and strategies that effectively reflect women's diversified and localised realities and allow them to respond to climate risks adequately.

Application of E-Services in the Urban Local Government in Bangladesh: A Study on Rajshahi City Corporation

Public sector information and communication technology (ICT) has a long history of using mainframe operations in the 1970s and microcomputing in the 1990s. It is recognized by the Government of Bangladesh that ICT has a development impact, as it enhances access to information, the quality of public service delivery and strengthens good governance practices. Since the ending of 2019, the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic has revived the importance of e-governance. In the initial stage of this climacteric period when people were socially distanced, restricted in quarantine, and not interacting face-to-face with each other created a whale of a ponderosas of e-governance in Bangladesh. Without any doubt, e-governance is the prime catalyst for urban development. Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) is one of the oldest and leading municipalities in e-governance adaptation in Bangladesh. RCC, jointly with the local government division under the ministry of local government, has introduced e-governance through initiating an electronic birth registration information system (EBRIS) in 2001. This is one of the best paradigms for adapting e-governance at the urban local government level in Bangladesh. As a part of e-governance, RCC has launched Smart Auto-Rickshaw Management System (SARMS) to reduce traffic congestion on city roads. The study, based on primary sources of information, seeks to assess the role of SARMS in reducing traffic congestion on city streets as part of e-governance. In order to properly implement e-governance in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), researchers have come up with two recommendations for e-service providers following two broad sections. A rich ICT infrastructure is a prerequisite for providing e-services to the recipients. This study is based on empirical research. This first section of this paper is equipped with the details of the respondents, overall opinions of the respondents on e-governance are covered by second section, the third section is depictured the status of e-services in RCC. However, the last section is enclosed by the specific opinions of the respondents on EBRIS and SARMS.

Industry Readiness and Adaptation of Fourth Industrial Revolution: Applying the Extended TOE Framework

The research aspired to determine the effecting determinants of the implementation of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies in the manufacturing industry, examining how 4IR readiness (R) acts as a mediator to facilitate the process of 4IR adaptation (ADP) in Bangladesh. Employing the extended technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, the research method integrated both quantitative approaches and structured surveys using random sampling approaches to explore the specific determinants that influence the adoption of 4IR technologies. A total of 500 organizations were approached with an online questionnaire, yielding 370 completed responses, a response rate of 74%. After ensuring the reliability and validity of the findings, the structural equation model was analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 and SPSS 29 with structural equation modeling (SEM). A statistically significant positive correlation was observed among technology readiness (TR), government support (GS), and technology innovation decision‐making (TIDM) on 4IR R, as well as 4IR R on 4IR ADP based on the findings. Practical implications were discussed with a focus on strategic recommendations for policymakers and industry leaders to enhance the structural and supportive infrastructure necessary for 4IR integration. To extend the R and flexibility of the manufacturing sector in anticipation of the 4IR, policymakers must urgently contemplate the expansion of government aid and the formation of expert consulting groups. The originality of this study applied in its ADP of the TOE framework to the context of a developing country, specifically targeting the R factors that facilitate technological ADP in Bangladesh. Unlike traditional models that focus solely on technological adoption, this extended model integrates organizational and environmental factors, offering a comprehensive view of industry R. The findings highlighted the significant positive correlations between technology infrastructure R, governmental support, and decision‐making processes in technology innovation, which distinguish this model by its specific ADP to the developmental and economic conditions in a developing economy like Bangladesh.

Coastal Infrastructure and Climate Change adaptation in Bangladesh: Ecosystem services insights from an integrated SES-DAPSIR framework

Coastal Infrastructure and Climate Change adaptation in Bangladesh: Ecosystem services insights from an integrated SES-DAPSIR framework

Threatening dystopias: The global politics of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. By KasiaPaprocki, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 2021. p. 267 including front matter, appendices, glossary, bibliographical references, and index

Threatening dystopias: The global politics of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. By KasiaPaprocki, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 2021. p. 267 including front matter, appendices, glossary, bibliographical references, and index

Effect of different macrophytes on crop cultivation under floating agriculture system for climate change adaptation in Bangladesh

The adverse effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and frequent floods, pose significant challenges to agricultural systems, particularly in low-lying countries like Bangladesh. To address these challenges, floating agriculture systems have emerged as a climate-resilient alternative for crop cultivation. Floating agriculture is a traditional agricultural system where aquatic free-floating macrophytes are used as the medium for the growth of plants. This cultivation system is traditionally used for seedling development in the south and south-western regions (Barishal, Pirojpur, and Gopalganj) of Bangladesh. However, very little scientific attention has been given to using macrophytes in crop production and preparing floating beds. Therefore, the present investigation has been carried out to select suitable macrophytes for preparing a floating bed by assaying the condition of the floating bed and the morphological and yield-related factors of cultivated crops during the Robi season in 2021. Five different macrophytes, namely, Salvinia molesta, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor, Salvinia cucullate, and Azolla pinnata, have been used as mulching material, which has been conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD). The plant material BARI tomato-14 has been transplanted on the floating beds to assess the effect of macrophytes on crop production. The results of the present investigation reveal that different macrophytes have distinct effects on tomato plants' growth and yield-related parameters in floating agriculture systems. Salvinia cucullata shows a better response in the stability of the floating bed, whereas Salvinia molesta exhibits better responses as mulching material on yield-related parameters of cultivated crops.

E-birth Registration in Raj Shahi City Corporation, Bangladesh: Problematics and Inferential Solutions

The purport of this study is to address electronic birth registration information system (EBRIS) programme in RCC with its existing problems. Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC) is one of the leading municipalities in e-governance adaptation in Bangladesh. As a part of e-governance, RCC, jointly with the local government division under the ministry of local government, has initiated electronic birth registration information system (EBRIS) in 2001 with the financial and technical support of UNICEF. Based on inference, researchers have recommended some possible solutions for solving these problems. As empirical research, this study, based on primary and secondary sources of data and information, has found some problems existed inside the EBRIS programme incorporated in RCC.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) and climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: does planning law facilitate NbS for climate change adaptation in Dhaka?

ABSTRACT Flooding is exacerbated by climate change, and the ecosystem functions of wetlands can assist in mitigating risk and contribute to climate adaptation. Nature based solutions (NbS) have emerged as an alternative to the exclusive reliance on grey infrastructure to drive climate adaptation responses to flooding. This article critically examines the role of planning law to facilitate NbS in the urban context of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The article will explore the following research question: does land use planning law in Bangladesh help facilitate the establishment and maintenance of NbS to assist in adapting to climate flood risk? This article will assess existing planning law on its ability to integrate NbS into the urban climate adaptation context while managing competing and incompatible land use and upholding strong, transparent and equitable governance. This article finds that the inability to enforce regulations and a lack of early consultation and engagement presents serious impediments to implementing NbS through planning law and development policy in Dhaka and contributes to a disconnect between high level policy documents and implementation on the ground, thereby undermining climate change adaptation interventions.

The Great Adaptation: Climate, Capitalism and Catastrophe by Romain Felli, and:Threatening Dystopias: The Global Politics of Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh by Kasia Paprocki

The Great Adaptation: Climate, Capitalism and Catastrophe by Romain Felli, and:Threatening Dystopias: The Global Politics of Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh by Kasia Paprocki

The politics of women’s lives: gendered re-presentations in Bangladesh’s climate change adaptation regime

ABSTRACT Bangladesh is transitioning into a middle-income country but remains at risk from the negative impacts of climate change. Consequently, development efforts are gradually being replaced by climate change adaptation. In this article, I investigate how ‘gender’ is understood and conceptualized in climate change adaptation in Bangladesh, and what this means for how gender considerations are included in adaptation efforts. I build on qualitative interviews with representatives of what Kasia Paprocki has coined the ‘climate change adaptation regime’ in Dhaka, as well as participant observation at conferences, seminars, and meetings on issues relevant to gender and climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. Understanding adaptation to be political and contested, I argue that established representations of women in development and disaster thinking are now re-presented to fit with the politically negotiated consensus of what adaptation in Bangladesh should look like, and that gender mainstreaming initiatives which go beyond the understanding of adaptation as negotiated by this consensus are excluded. This may lead to increased responsibilities for women, feminizing the responsibility to adapt to climate change.

Climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: Current practices, challenges and the way forward

Geographical location and socioeconomic dynamics have increased the vulnerabilities of the people of Bangladesh to the impacts of climate change. Effective adaptation practices would reduce the adverse effects on livelihood, health, agriculture, and the environment- particularly in the coastal areas. To cope with climate change impacts, diverse scientific and indigenous knowledge is being utilized. Nevertheless, various barriers are hindering sustainable adaptation. This review focuses on identifying the existing and likely adaptation strategies as well as the barriers to coping with the impacts of climate change in Bangladesh. Due to the increasing frequency and intensity of disasters, many people are being displaced towards urban settings, where natural and man-made challenges are hampering sustainable adaptation. A lack of in-depth knowledge about the vulnerabilities, overlooking the needs of local communities, and inadequate integration of policies and programs have also been identified as challenges to climate change adaptation.

Recent changes in temperature extremes in subtropical climate region and the role of large-scale atmospheric oscillation patterns

Understanding the recent variations in temperature extremes is crucial to anticipate the forthcoming incidences of extreme phenomena. However, knowledge of temperature extremes’ spatial and temporal patterns, as well as their links to atmospheric oscillation and topography, is scarce in Bangladesh. To this end, this research intends to analyze the spatial and temporal trends in recent extreme temperatures and their relationships with oscillation indices and the topography of Bangladesh. Daily temperature data obtained from 20 meteorological stations for 1980–2017 were employed for this purpose. Results revealed increasing trends in summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), warm days (TX90p), warmest days (TXx), and warm nights (TN90p), while decline in the coldest days (TNn), cold days (TX10p), and cold nights (TN10p) was observed in Bangladesh. Spatial distribution of trends revealed an increase in SU25 and TN90p by 1.9–2.38, 2.33–2.90 days/decade, and a decrease in TX10p and TN10p by 1.7–3.3 days/decade in most regions. Besides, TR20 showed an increase of 3.22–4.17 days/decade in all sub-regions. The temperature extremes of Bangladesh showed a significant connection with multivariate ENSO index (MEI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Besides, the extremes in most regions of the country showed a significant connection with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The influence of atmospheric oscillation indices was more evident on cold days/nights than on warm days/nights. TN10p and SU25 also showed a significant correlation with elevation, which suggests an increase in cold night and summer day temperature with the increase in elevation in Bangladesh. Large-scale climate mode reanalysis revealed that a strong (weak) wind speed, enhancing (decreasing) geopotential height, and fast warming (cooling) over the northwestern (southeast) region have attributed to the variations in extreme temperature in Bangladesh to several extents. These findings will assist the policymakers in disaster mitigation and climate change adaptation in Bangladesh.

Best intentions and local realities: unseating assumptions about implementing planned community-based adaptation in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT Community-based adaptation (CBA) has gained traction in the management of climate risks within developing societies, due to its capacity to include local knowledge and build the adaptive capacities of vulnerable groups and communities. Yet little is known about what happens when such projects are implemented on the ground. This paper presents the results of a research project that sought to understand local perceptions and responses to planned CBA interventions in rural coastal communities in Bangladesh. Based on a qualitative approach, this paper presents the dominant narratives within local communities about the NGO-initiated CBA project. Findings highlight there is a deep disconnection between the objectives of CBA interventions and the perceptions of local communities about the project. Such a difference in perceptions meant that project participants prioritized personal gains over the creation of collective capacities to adapt to climate change. The paper concludes that in order to resolve such tensions, the gap between ‘community-based’ adaptation theory and practice needs to be addressed.

Multilevel governance in climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: structure, processes, and power dynamics

Multilevel governance in climate change adaptation in Bangladesh: structure, processes, and power dynamics

Eco-engineering of coastal environment through saltmarsh restoration towards climate change impact mitigation and community adaptation in Bangladesh

A field research was undertaken to investigate the effects of saltmarsh restoration and some eco-engineering activities on the climate change impact mitigation and community adaptation in the coastal environment of Sonadia Island, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Two research sites viz., saltmarsh restoration site (SMRS) and impacted site (IP) were selected for this study. Amount of carbon assimilation by saltmarsh plant Porteresia coarctata at SMRS was increased from 165.17 ± 68.35 to 198.18 ± 41.32 g/m2 during the study. The highest carbon assimilation (198.18 ± 41.32 g/m2) was noticed during winter, while the highest biomass (10.47 ± 0.25 kg/m2) was measured from SMRS. Soil compactness, organic matter, organic carbon, field water capacity, plant height, plant biomass and shoot density were found to be significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.01) higher in the SMRS than that of the IS. Seasonal variations of air temperature, water temperature, water pH, water salinity, water transparency, tidal height, inundation period, wave velocity, soil temperature, soil pH, pore water salinity, sedimentation, soil texture particle density, plant height, biomass and shoot density at different significance levels (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) were noticed throughout the study. Correlation matrix showed that the plant height, biomass and shoot density were positively correlated with sedimentation, and negatively correlated with wave velocity at different significant levels (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). From the present study, it is evident that SMRS, which was controlled and managed with some artificial inputs not only showed the elevated levels of plant height, biomass, shoot density, sedimentation and carbon assimilation but also exhibited remarkable changes in some of the factors studied rather than impacted site (IS), the findings of which could be helpful for the protection of coastal environment as well as mitigation of climate change impact that will ultimately save the local community from natural calamities in the long run.

Beyond the barriers: An overview of mechanisms driving barriers to adaptation in Bangladesh

AbstractClimate change adaptation governance involves multiple actors, operating from local to national level, and during their interactions, several challenges may surface and act as barriers to adaptation. While existing studies attempted to create an exhaustive list of barriers by focusing on “what” is occurring, we continue to have a meager understanding of “how” or “why” barriers emerge in the governance process. Selecting Bangladesh as a case study area, we identify the mechanisms that cause the emergence of barriers in the climate change adaptation governance process. We particularly focus on the barriers that emerge through interactions among actors. We base our research on data from key‐informant interviews and a systematic literature review. Our analysis reveals that there are at least five mechanisms that are involved in the emergence of barriers: enclosure and exclusion, boundary control, organizational inertia, belief formation, and frame polarization. Our identification of common mechanisms provides insights on actors' roles and activities in adaptation governance and elucidates the processes through which actors' interactions lead to barriers. This mechanism‐based analysis of barriers will help to address and navigate through the barriers more effectively to ensure successful adaptation. As climate change is becoming mainstreamed in development plans and policies in our study area, identifying the mechanisms of adaptation barriers can elucidate how development and climate adaptation strategies are affected by identified barriers.

Climate change mitigation and adaptation in Bangladesh: The need for community‐based approaches

Climate change is a leading threat to sustainable socio‐economic development in Bangladesh. Adverse impacts of climatic disasters including flash floods, recurrent cyclones and erratic rainfall patterns are already causing hardship for both rural and urban people and are expected to accelerate into the future. The aim of this research note is to identify the core contributing economic sectors to climate change in Bangladesh, and to consider effective mitigation strategies. Following the 5th Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (2014), in this paper, we argue that comprehensive mitigation measures are required in the energy, transport, buildings, industry and land‐use sectors to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Our findings indicate that it is crucial that government and non‐government mitigation efforts engage with community knowledge practices in order to most effectively reduce GHG emissions and combat the adverse impacts of climate change.

Risk, poverty or politics? The determinants of subnational public spending allocation for adaptive disaster risk reduction in Bangladesh

Abstract We examine the directly observable determinants of sub-national (central to local) public spending allocations for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation in Bangladesh, a country with a very high exposure to weather risk. We use a comprehensive dataset for the 483 sub-districts (Upazilas) in Bangladesh, tracking disaster risk reduction and adaptation funding provided to each sub-district by the central government during fiscal years’ 2010–11 to 2013–14, disaggregated by the various types of social protection programs. We assess to what extent the primary determinants of such funding flows—such as current hazard risk, socio-economic vulnerability, and political economy considerations—contribute to these funding allocation decisions. We find that flood hazard risk and socio-economic vulnerability are both positively correlated with the sub-district fiscal allocations. We find that political factors do not seem to significantly correlate with these allocations and neither does proximity to the centres of Dhaka and Chittagong. Public spending for adaptive disaster risk reduction, as investigated here, can be a useful complementary intervention tool to other DRR programs, such as insurance or broader social transfers, provided that it is allocated rationally. Broadly, this appears to be the case in Bangladesh. We leave the measuring of the relative efficacy and efficiency of each financing tool for future work.

The Determinants of Subnational Public Spending Allocation for Disaster Risk Reduction in Bangladesh

We examine the directly observable determinants of sub-national (central to local) public spending allocations for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation in Bangladesh, a country with a very high exposure to weather risk. We use a comprehensive dataset for the 483 sub-districts (Upazilas) in Bangladesh, tracking disaster risk reduction and adaptation funding provided to each sub-district by the central government during fiscal years’ 2010-11 to 2013-14, disaggregated by the various types of social protection programs. We assess to what extent the primary determinants of such funding flows—such as current hazard risk, socio-economic vulnerability, and political economy considerations—contribute to these funding allocation decisions. We find that flood hazard risk and socio-economic vulnerability are both positively correlated with the sub-district fiscal allocations. We find that political factors do not seem to significantly correlate with these allocations and neither does proximity to the centres of Dhaka and Chittagong. Public spending for adaptive disaster risk reduction, as investigated here, can be a useful complementary intervention tool to other DRR programs, such as insurance or broader social transfers, provided that it is allocated rationally. Broadly, this appears to be the case in Bangladesh. We leave the measuring of the relative efficacy and efficiency of each financing tool for future work.

Female contribution to grassroots innovation for climate change adaptation in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This paper reports a mixed-method study from 2016 in Gabura, Bangladesh examining female contribution to climate change adaptation in the period post-cyclone Aila in 2009. Out of 110 households studied, male household members were absent in 66 cases because they had migrated to nearby towns and regional centres for alternative livelihood options. Male members’ absence created opportunities for Gabura women to develop a range of novel adaptation strategies through engagement with aid agencies, changed gender roles, leveraging social capital and utilizing local knowledge. For example, women are increasingly contributing to income through works within and outside of the house in agricultural innovations and handmade productions. These adaptations are built on social capital and trust between community women and the NGOs through mobilization and sharing of local knowledge. Based on the findings, a framework for informed autonomous adaptation is proposed. The generalization of coastal women in developing contexts as passive victims of climate change due to social norms and instead highlights women’s active agencies in adaptation is challenged. There is a need for a critical understanding of gender-specific dynamics in post-cyclone aid interventions towards in-situ climate change adaptation.