Ad-hoc Wireless Communication Research Articles

Cyber-Physical Interdependent Restoration Scheduling for Active Distribution Network via Ad Hoc Wireless Communication

This paper proposes a post-disaster cyber-physical interdependent restoration scheduling (CPIRS) framework for active distribution networks (ADN) where the simultaneous damages on cyber and physical networks are considered. The ad hoc wireless device-to-device (D2D) communication is leveraged, for the first time, to establish cyber networks instantly after the disaster to support ADN restoration. The repair and operation crew dispatching, the remote-controlled network reconfiguration and the system operation with DERs can be effectively coordinated under the cyber-physical interactions. The uncertain outputs of renewable energy resources (RESs) are represented by budget-constrained polyhedral uncertainty sets. Through implementing linearization techniques on disjunctive expressions, a monolithic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) based two-stage robust optimization model is formulated and subsequently solved by a customized column-and-constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm. Numerical results on the IEEE 123-node distribution system demonstrate the effectiveness and superiorities of the proposed CPIRS method for ADN.

Parallel Finite Field Algorithms for Communications and Sensor Networks

Sensor network integrates sensor technology, embedded computing technology, modern network and wireless communication technology, distributed information processing technology, etc. It can monitor, perceive and collect the information of various environments or monitoring objects in real time through various integrated micro sensors, and process the information through the embedded system. The perceived information is transmitted to the user terminal by multi-hop relay through the random ad-hoc wireless communication network. The coding of communications and sensor networks affects the efficiency of communication. The main coding technology is based on finite field. Among operations in finite fields, divisions are time-consuming operations since they are generally computed via inversions and multiplications. We present techniques to exploit extend binary trees for fast divisions in finite fields. We implement the finite field algorithm on Field Programmable Logic Arrays (FPGAs) in a parallel way. The implementation result from FPGAs shows that the parallel finite field algorithm can speed up the process of coding of communications and sensor networks.

Delay and Energy Optimized Safety Information Dissemination Scheme in V2I Networks

Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is a transport system that uses communicating technologies such as cellular network communication, digital video broadcasting and adhoc wireless communication to link people on the road, vehicles with aim of solving various traffic related issues. Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication is an important research area to develop cooperative self-driving support system using DSRC technology. V2I develops an environment friendly system that also accelerates the fuel efficiency by establishing high quality links between vehicles to roadside infrastructure. It is a system to prevent and help drivers to overlooking or missing the red lights at junctions. V2I system along the road side and intersections continuously transmit the traffic signal information to vehicles by warning the driver about red lights and thus help us to prevent road rule violations. ITS helps to prevent drivers' oversight about signals right/left turn collision avoidance and timely activation of brake system. In the proposed work we used a three-layer Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) network architecture to collect and disseminate the safety information using static and dynamic agents. These methods help us to quickly selecting high quality error free links to forward the data packets. In a highway road scenario with moderate traffic density, the proposed system gives an improved performance in terms of coverage area, lossless transmission and reduced latency. Finally, qualitative comparison is made with present V2I system and found significance improvement in its performance metrics. The outcome of the proposed system improved by 23%, 13%, 15% compared to the existing system in terms of end-to-end delay, communication overhead and energy consumption respectively considering V2I network architecture.

Design of intelligent surveillance system based on wireless ad-hoc network under special conditions

For oil fields, shooting target range, military forbidden zones and other special complex scenarios, it is not only difficult to deploy communication infrastructure because of its remote location and difficult environment, but also difficult to transmit surveillance video images to command stations in real time through centralized communication networks. Furthermore, there is a waste of bandwidth resources and the use of wireless ad hoc networks to transmit surveillance video. Therefore, we aim at designing and implementing a real-time intelligent surveillance system based on wireless ad-hoc networks in special scenes in this project. The system is supposed to capture the video frames of the monitored area and perform automatic intrusion detection. Only when an intrusion is detected, the video frame is encoded and transmitted together with the alarm message to the command center. An improved Yolov2 algorithm to achieve real time object detection on a computationally limited platform was proposed first. A wireless ad-hoc communication system was designed and implemented on the basic of the Tactical Targeting Network Technology (TTNT) Data Link to transmit surveillance video stream, control signaling and alarm message. Then the extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the system in terms of detection accuracy and communication performance. The experiments results demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed system, the size of the model is only 7.6% of Yolov2 and the detection speed is increased 4 times. This design transforms long-time data transmission into burst data transmission, thus saving bandwidth resources and improving bit error rate of 96.9%. It is of great significance for the future application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the field of communication

Information processing in Internet of Things using big data analytics

With innovation in persistent technologies, such as wearable sensor gadgets, sensor devices, and wireless ad-hoc communication networks connect everyday life things to the Internet, normally referred to as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is observed as an active entity for design and development of smart and context awareness services and applications in the area of business, science and engineering discipline. These applications and services could vigorously respond to the surroundings transformation and users’ preference. Developing a scalable system for data analysis, processing and mining of enormous real world based datasets has turned into one of the demanding problems that faces both system research scholars and data management research scholars. Employing big data analytics with IoT technologies is one of the ways for handling the timely analyzing information (i.e., data, events) streams. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach that coalesce IoT systems with big data tools into a holistic platform for real-time and continuous data monitoring and processing. We propose Fog assisted IoT based Smart and real time healthcare information processing (SRHIP) system in which large amounts of data generated by IoT sensor devices are offloaded at Fog cloud form data analytics and processing with minimum delay. The processed data is then transferred to a centralized cloud system for further analysis and storage. In this work, we introduce a Fog-assisted model with big data environment for data analytic of real time data with remote monitoring and discuss our plan for evaluating its efficacy in terms of several performance metrics such as transmission cost, storage cost, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity and F-measure. The proposed SRHIP system needs less transmission cost of 40.10% in comparison to SPPDA, 100% fewer bytes are compromised in comparison to GCEDA. Our proposed system data size reduction of 60% reduction due to proposed compression scheme in comparison to other benchmark strategies that offer 40% of reduction.

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Spread spectrum communication is a communication method that deliberately makes the bandwidth of the transmitted waveform larger than would be required to transmit the data over the channel.One of the most encouraging multiplexing techniques for present and forthcoming telecommunications services, such as private communications, ad-hoc wireless communications, third-generation cellular telephony and sensor networks, is the CDMA(code division multiple access) implemented with direct-sequence (DS) signaling. DS-CDMA's benefits include superior operation in multi-path settings, flexibility in channel allocation, enhanced capacity in fading settings, and the capability to share bandwidth with narrowband communication technologies without deteriorating the efficiency of either system. In our work,we are proposing a new know-ba strategy to dismissing interference where originally monitoring signal environment with high precision is called from the library and subsequently based on data that is appropriate for dismissing interference. Various interference scenarios are simulated using computer simulations to show the efficiency of the method.

Optimized and Secure Routing in WSN using Collaborative Optimized Routing Algorithm

Optimized routing in wireless network is the trending research area in ad-hoc wireless communication. Performance of outmoded schemes designed for security during the process of routing in sensor networks significantly affected by consistency and security issues. However the present routing schemes are inexpensive and need no rigorous positioning but security is still unavoidable apprehension. An optimized routing scheme is proposed for WSN in this paper which is named as Collaborative Optimized Routing Algorithm (CORA), which precisely focuses on optimized progression of data during routing along with security aspects. CORA functions in two phases, first phase is to identify and group the collaborative nodes through defined lenient constant based on direct_trust, link_strength and quality parameters. Direct_trust and link_strength are direct measures but to evaluate quality, link survival time and caused delay are considered. Whereas in second phase suit function is defined for choosing the optimized nodes using the proposed CORA, based on direct_trust, link_strength, quality and distance. Performance of proposed collaborative optimized routing scheme is assessed based on the measurement metrics with 50 dynamic nodes ad-hoc sensor network in presence of selective forwarding and denial-of-service attacks. CORA indicates the higher detection rate and throughput as 54.9 and 41.6 respectively and lower delay and distance as 15 and 158.8 respectively which are significantly better than competing schemes.

Misbehavior Detection in Industrial Wireless Networks: Challenges and Directions

In communications, there has been a paradigm shift toward the widespread adoption of wireless technologies in recent years. This evolution to—often ad-hoc—wireless communication has led to significant benefits in terms of flexibility and mobility. However, alongside these benefits, arise new attack vectors, which cannot be mitigated by traditional security measures. Especially in scenarios where traditional, proactive cryptographic techniques cannot be deployed or have been compromised, reactive mechanisms are necessary to detect intrusions. In this paper, we discuss new directions and future challenges in detecting insider attacks for the exemplary application domain of industrial wireless networks, an enabling technology for current smart factory trends. First, we review existing work on intrusion detection in mobile ad-hoc networks with a focus on physical-layer-based detection mechanisms. Second, we conduct a proof-of-concept study of insider detection in industrial wireless networks using real-world measurements from an industrial facility. Based on the study, we point out new directions for future research.

Underwater Ad Hoc Wireless Communication for Video Delivery

Due to the high attenuation of the water at high frequencies, underwater communications in freshwater are not being investigated so much. Many current underwater communication systems are based on acoustic or optical techniques. The use of electromagnetic (EM) waves in this medium, even in short distances, increases the bandwidth, which definitely implies a great advantage for video delivery. Related literature shows that the speed propagation and absorption coefficient in freshwater are independent of the working frequency of the transmitted signals. No work shows any temperature dependence with the electromagnetic waves propagation. In this paper, we study the EM wave’s behavior when we vary the temperature at 2.4 GHz in underwater freshwater environments. We are going to study the signal behavior in this medium in order to deliver video images from the marine fish cages with the purpose of monitoring the fish activity. To carry out our study, we fix the water conditions and measure the maximum distance as a function of several network parameters such as the working frequency, data transfer rate, modulations and water temperature. Our results show that some combinations of temperature and working frequency generate better results than others. Finally, we will compare our results with the statements extracted from other works.

AODV Routing Protocol Modification With Dqueue(dqAODV) and Optimization With Neural Network For VANET In City Scenario

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is considered as a sub-set of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). VANET can provide road safety by generating collision warning messages before a collision takes place, lane change assistance; can provide efficient traffic system by introducing cooperation among vehicles; and can also improves in infotainment applications like cooperative file accessing, accessing internet, viewing movies etc. It provides smart Transportation System i.e., wireless ad-hoc communication among vehicles and vehicle to roadside equipments. VANET communication broadly distinguished in two types; 1) vehicle to vehicle interaction, 2) vehicle to infrastructure interaction. The main objective of VANET is to provide safe, secure and automated traffic system. For this automated traffic techniques, there are several types of routing protocols has been developed. MANET routing protocols are not equally applicable in VANET. In the recent past Roy and his group has proposed several study in VANET transmission in [1-3]. In this study, we propose a modified AODV routing protocol in the context of VANET with the help of dqueue introduction into the RREQ header. Recently Saha et al [4] has reported the results showing the nature of modified AODV obtained from the rudimentary version of their simulation code. It is mainly based on packet delivery throughput. It shows greater in-throughput information of packet transmission compare to original AODV. Hence our proposal has less overhead and greater performance routing algorithm compared to conventional AODV. In this study, we propose and implement in the NCTUns-6.0 simulator, the neural network based modified dqueue AODV (dqAODV) routing protocol considering Power, TTL, Node distance and Payload parameter to find the optimal route from the source station (vehicle) to the destination station in VANET communications. The detail simulation techniques with result and output will be presented in the conference.

A survey of collaborative services and security-related issues in modern wireless Ad-Hoc communications

The use of collaboration has recently started to spread to a wide range of services in modern wireless Ad-Hoc networks, for which it is offering valuable advantages in terms of optimization and resilience. However, allowing collaboration among wireless devices opens the way to a new class of threats that involve internal attackers. In this work, we provide an extensive analysis of the existing collaborative networking services in wireless networks and examine the new threats that are introduced by those collaborative mechanisms. From a study of the security measures proposed in the literature to counter these attacks, we identify two categories of countermeasures, namely security-by-design mechanisms and Trust Management Systems (TMSs). A specific discussion is devoted in this paper to the latter category, which offers the advantage of being more flexible. Aiming at further improving this flexibility by making the design of TMSs adapted to the advent of the Internet of Things, we propose a set of guidelines in order for these systems to fit the new requirements of modern wireless communications.

On the Diversity Order of a General Cooperative Relaying Communication System

Cooperative communication technology exploiting distributed spatial diversity is a promising solution for the future high data-rate cellular and ad-hoc wireless communications. To characterize the performance of a cooperative network, the cooperative diversity is commonly used. In this paper, we revisit the concept of diversity and look into the essence of cooperative diversity. We analyze the diversity performance of a general cooperative relaying system with multiple branches. Moreover, each branch consists of one or more hops. Unlike in other analyses, the assumptions that each node being only equipped with a single antenna and that all channel characteristics belonging to the same family are NOT required in our study. Using the decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocol as an illustration, we provide analytical results on the diversity gain and the coding gain. The results also encompass most of the existing results as special cases. We further show the relationship between the diversity order of a branch and those of the constituent links; and the relationship between the diversity order of the network and those of the constituent branches. In particular, we show that for the uncoded DF protocol, the full diversity order can be achieved by using simple hard-decision detection at the destination. The requirement is to set appropriate signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) thresholds for the multi-hop branches. To improve the bandwidth efficiency, we also randomly select one branch, among those branches satisfying the SNR-threshold requirement, for the transmission. We show that such a scheme accomplishes the full diversity order and produces a good error performance.

Performance analysis of Bluetooth asynchronous connection-less service

In recent years Bluetooth has been a growing technology for ad-hoc wireless communication between embedded devices, in a range of 10 m. Such a network is called a piconet, in which a master employs round-robin mechanism to poll and serve the slaves. Many new products have become Bluetooth enabled recently, which may cause a complex mix of traffic. Two types of connection are being offered in this network: the Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO), and the Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL). ACL is proper for best-effort service as in IP networks, which has gained more importance as now a day’s most of the applications have moved to IP, and may carry bursty traffic. In this paper, to analyze the Bluetooth ACL, a general model for complex mix of traffic, which is the superposition of many ON–OFF mini-sources, is considered. Moreover, due to unreliable nature of wireless media, a Channel Failure Rate (CFR) has been assumed. This system has been investigated analytically and its performance has been evaluated. The effects of channel failure and packet size on the mean delay and waiting time have been studied by simulations as well.

Demonstration of Adaptive Analogue Beam Forming in the E-Band

In this paper, we report the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements an analogue-beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71~76 ㎓ frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results. An ad-hoc wireless communication system has also been demonstrated. Low BER was measured for an 8PSK data stream at 1.5 Gbps with the receive array beam formed in the direction of arrival of the transmitted signal. To our knowledge this is the first steerable antenna array reported to date in the E-band.

OSPF Over Multi-Hop AD HoC Wireless Communications

Efficient OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) operation on multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks has become desirable, as wireless community mesh networks and vehicular networks emerge using OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), a link state MANET routing protocol similar to OSPF in many aspects. OSPF is already extensively deployed and well known in wired IP networks, and could provide simple, seamless unification of wired and wireless IP networking routing-wise, if extended to operate efficiently on ad hoc networks. The IETF has thus proposed three different MANET extensions to the OSPF protocol, allowing heterogeneous networks encompassing both wired and wireless routers, which may self-organize as multi-hop wireless subnetworks, and be mobile. Two of these extensions are based on techniques derived from multi-point relaying (MPR). In the following, we compare and analyze these two extensions and we propose a unique, merged approach which out-performs the existing extensions.

A visual way to talk to strangers: authentication in wireless pervasive computing

In this paper, we discuss a novel approach to identifying entities involved in ad-hoc wireless communications through using an effficient visual code system called UbiCode. UbiCode, used in an out-of-band channel in order to bootstrap trust between entities unknown to each other, facilitates a mechanism for demonstrative identification of entities involved, thereby enabling secure spontaneous communications among them in wireless pervasive computing environments. We present the design of the visual code system as well as different types of identification protocols leveraging the visual code system. We also demonstrate our approach through a proof-of-concept implementation.

Avoidance Mechanism of Redundant Transmissions in Content Cruising System

“Content Cruising System (CCS)” is developed as a decentralized and autonomous distribution system for location-based contents. The content put into CCS carries itself to the destination location and tries to remain there by continual wireless ad-hoc communications among mobile nodes. Focusing on the density of nodes, to tackle the Broadcast Storm problem is imperative. CCS has an avoidance mechanism of redundant transmissions constructed by cooperation of its pre- loaded algorithms, therefore CCS can avert the Broadcast Storm problem regardless of the increase in the number of nodes. Through the experiments with a network simulator, it was confirmed that the mechanism functioned as planed, packet loss on the air was kept lower, the time taken to acquire flowed contents was shortened considerably when the mechanism was applied. In this paper we describe the basic operation of the mechanism and examine the effectiveness of it from various angles.

Call Admission Control in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks with Multiple Channels and Radios

In this paper, an Ad-hoc Routing Protocol that works in wireless Ad-hoc communication networks with multiple radios and multiple channels and that controls call admission based on bandwidth measurement is proposed. Unlike the conventional Ad-hoc node with a single radio using a single channel, an Ad-hoc node of the protocol proposed, the MCQosR(Multiple Channel Quality of Service Routing), has multiple radios and uses multiple channels, which allows full duplex transmission between wireless Ad-hoc nodes, and reduces intra interference on the route. Also, a fixed channel only for reception at each node enables the estimation of the available bandwidth, which is used to control the call admission for QoS provision. The performance of the MCQosR was verified by simulation.