Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Protocol Research Articles

Improved design of load balancing for multipath routing protocol

In this paper, an improved routing protocol for multipath network load balancing is proposed for defects in the traditional AOMDV (Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector) protocol. This research work analyzes problems in traditional routing protocols and estimates the available path load according to network transmission in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN). Moreover, we design a load distribution scheme according to a given load and improve multi-path load balancing by using the MCMR method. We also control path discovery and the number of paths while also establishing routing paths and probability balancing. Lastly, improvements are made to the AOMDV protocol and efficient data transmission is acheived. The performance results of the modified routing protocol show that the designed protocol can improve successful delivery rate and prolong network survival time.

Hybrid security in AOMDV routing protocol with improved salp swarm algorithm in wireless sensor network

During these years the current trends shows a fast expansion in the field of wireless sensor network (WSN) based applications. Due to this much vulnerability are created and also coverage optimization becomes essential to improve overall performance. However, maximum of the model concentrates only on security or efficiency. In order to create a highly efficient protocol both concepts need to get concerted. So, we developed a protocol namely hybrid security in ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol with improved salp swarm algorithm (HSA-ISSA). This model is sub-divided into three sections. They are, wormhole attack and gray hole attack construction AOMDV protocol, improved salp swarm algorithm (SSA) model is used for weighted distance position updates which leads to improve the efficiency. And to secure the network from attacks we use hybrid security with the help of Diffie-Hellman key interchange algorithm and elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) algorithm. During performance evaluation the proposed HS-ISSA protocol provide stable results in terms of message success rate (MSR), end to end delay (E2E_Delay), network throughput (NT), and average energy efficiency (AEE). Our HAS-ISSA protocol outperformed all the other earlier works by providing hybrid security, optimized coverage as well as energy efficiency to the wireless sensor networks.

SE-AOMDV: secure and efficient AOMDV routing protocol for vehicular communications

The Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are emerging networks that provide essential services to drivers on the road. To exchange data, vehicles as network nodes route information between source and destination using the V-to-V infrastructure. To retrieve the best path, routing algorithms are used. We focus in this paper on the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing algorithm, which is able to retrieve at least three paths. Despite, its efficiency for VANET, the AOMDV protocol still faces big challenges in terms of security. Because of the lack of security mechanisms, such as cryptography and intrusion detection, the AOMDV protocol is vulnerable to attacks such as the blackhole and the man in the middle attacks. For this purpose, we propose in this work a secure and efficient AOMDV routing protocol for vehicular communications. The security consists of detecting malicious vehicles that are not authenticated and have malicious behavior. Moreover, to guarantee integrity and authentication of Route REPlay packets that are used to retrieve the best and secure paths. The efficiency consists of node disjuncture for RREP packets. Our algorithm is specific to vehicular networks, because it deploys specific vehicle-based authentication. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated using the NS2 and compared to AOMDV and then to SAODV and TS-AOMDV. The results prove that our algorithm is more secure and efficient than AOMDV, especially in terms of average end-to-end delay, for high-speed vehicles. The delay reduction is estimated to 1.5 ms for a speed of 108 km/h, which is promising for vehicular communications.

Energy Aware Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing

The current disjoint path Ad hoc On-Demand Multi- path Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol does not have any energy-awareness guarantees. When AOMDV is used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) energy is an important consideration. To enhance the AOMDV protocol an extra energy metric is added along with the hop count metric. This Energy aware or EA-AOMDV improves path selection using a trade-off between energy and hop count, thus giving more longevity to WSNs. EA-AOMDV is compared to the current AOMDV routing protocol to prove its worth in the context of WSNs. It is found that EA-AOMDV leads to better WSN energy-awareness in resource constrained WSNs.

Multiconstrained and multipath QoS aware routing protocol for MANETs

The multimedia applications such as audio, video transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) requires that the path in which such data transmits must be delay sensitive, reliable and energy efficient. An existing MANET routing protocol Ad Hoc On demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) fails to perform well in terms of QoS metrics such as delay, jitter, packet delivery ratio (PDR) etc., where there is high mobility and heavy traffic. The paths which are stored in the Routing table are not reliable and energy efficient. It is possible to modify the route discovery of AODV so that more than one node disjoint, link reliable and energy efficient paths are stored in the routing table. The proposed protocol Multiconstrained and Multipath QoS Aware Routing Protocol (MMQARP) is novel, which takes care of QoS parameters dynamically and simultaneously along with path finding, so that only link reliable, energy efficient paths are available for data transmission. The extensive simulation study shows that the proposed protocol performs better in terms of PDR, delay and jitter compared to AOMDV protocol.

Power aware stability-based routing protocol for hybrid ad hoc networks

Energy efficiency is an important design consideration in hybrid ad hoc network due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. The network lifetime will be improved by suitably reducing the requirement of power for connections. The objective of this paper is to develop a novel routing protocol for hybrid ad hoc networks. We proposed the enhanced version of ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing called power aware link stability routing (PALSR) protocol for energy conservation and establish a desired hybrid connection between MANET and internet. The proposed PALSR protocol uses a new metric to find the route with higher transmission rate, less latency and better stability. It checks bandwidth and delay constraint during route request and uses as well new mobility prediction mechanism to determine the stability of link during a path selection. We evaluate the performance of PALSR using NS-2.34 simulation tool and compare it with AOMDV protocol. The simulation results show that the performance of new routing protocol significantly improves the network performance by discovering the required path with minimal power and delay.